django/tests/file_storage/tests.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

import errno
import os
import shutil
import sys
import tempfile
import time
import unittest
from datetime import datetime, timedelta

try:
    import threading
except ImportError:
    import dummy_threading as threading

from django.core.cache import cache
from django.core.exceptions import SuspiciousOperation
from django.core.files.base import File, ContentFile
from django.core.files.storage import FileSystemStorage, get_storage_class
from django.core.files.uploadedfile import (InMemoryUploadedFile, SimpleUploadedFile,
    TemporaryUploadedFile)
from django.test import LiveServerTestCase, SimpleTestCase
from django.test import override_settings
from django.utils import six
from django.utils.six.moves.urllib.request import urlopen
from django.utils._os import upath

from .models import Storage, temp_storage, temp_storage_location


FILE_SUFFIX_REGEX = '[A-Za-z0-9]{7}'


class GetStorageClassTests(SimpleTestCase):

    def test_get_filesystem_storage(self):
        """
        get_storage_class returns the class for a storage backend name/path.
        """
        self.assertEqual(
            get_storage_class('django.core.files.storage.FileSystemStorage'),
            FileSystemStorage)

    def test_get_invalid_storage_module(self):
        """
        get_storage_class raises an error if the requested import don't exist.
        """
        with six.assertRaisesRegex(self, ImportError, "No module named '?storage'?"):
            get_storage_class('storage.NonExistingStorage')

    def test_get_nonexisting_storage_class(self):
        """
        get_storage_class raises an error if the requested class don't exist.
        """
        self.assertRaises(ImportError, get_storage_class,
                          'django.core.files.storage.NonExistingStorage')

    def test_get_nonexisting_storage_module(self):
        """
        get_storage_class raises an error if the requested module don't exist.
        """
        # Error message may or may not be the fully qualified path.
        with six.assertRaisesRegex(self, ImportError,
                "No module named '?(django.core.files.)?non_existing_storage'?"):
            get_storage_class(
                'django.core.files.non_existing_storage.NonExistingStorage')


class FileStorageDeconstructionTests(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_deconstruction(self):
        path, args, kwargs = temp_storage.deconstruct()
        self.assertEqual(path, "django.core.files.storage.FileSystemStorage")
        self.assertEqual(args, tuple())
        self.assertEqual(kwargs, {'location': temp_storage_location})

        kwargs_orig = {
            'location': temp_storage_location,
            'base_url': 'http://myfiles.example.com/'
        }
        storage = FileSystemStorage(**kwargs_orig)
        path, args, kwargs = storage.deconstruct()
        self.assertEqual(kwargs, kwargs_orig)


class FileStorageTests(unittest.TestCase):
    storage_class = FileSystemStorage

    def setUp(self):
        self.temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        self.storage = self.storage_class(location=self.temp_dir,
            base_url='/test_media_url/')
        # Set up a second temporary directory which is ensured to have a mixed
        # case name.
        self.temp_dir2 = tempfile.mkdtemp(suffix='aBc')

    def tearDown(self):
        shutil.rmtree(self.temp_dir)
        shutil.rmtree(self.temp_dir2)

    def test_empty_location(self):
        """
        Makes sure an exception is raised if the location is empty
        """
        storage = self.storage_class(location='')
        self.assertEqual(storage.base_location, '')
        self.assertEqual(storage.location, upath(os.getcwd()))

    def test_file_access_options(self):
        """
        Standard file access options are available, and work as expected.
        """
        self.assertFalse(self.storage.exists('storage_test'))
        f = self.storage.open('storage_test', 'w')
        f.write('storage contents')
        f.close()
        self.assertTrue(self.storage.exists('storage_test'))

        f = self.storage.open('storage_test', 'r')
        self.assertEqual(f.read(), 'storage contents')
        f.close()

        self.storage.delete('storage_test')
        self.assertFalse(self.storage.exists('storage_test'))

    def test_file_accessed_time(self):
        """
        File storage returns a Datetime object for the last accessed time of
        a file.
        """
        self.assertFalse(self.storage.exists('test.file'))

        f = ContentFile('custom contents')
        f_name = self.storage.save('test.file', f)
        atime = self.storage.accessed_time(f_name)

        self.assertEqual(atime, datetime.fromtimestamp(
            os.path.getatime(self.storage.path(f_name))))
        self.assertLess(datetime.now() - self.storage.accessed_time(f_name), timedelta(seconds=2))
        self.storage.delete(f_name)

    def test_file_created_time(self):
        """
        File storage returns a Datetime object for the creation time of
        a file.
        """
        self.assertFalse(self.storage.exists('test.file'))

        f = ContentFile('custom contents')
        f_name = self.storage.save('test.file', f)
        ctime = self.storage.created_time(f_name)

        self.assertEqual(ctime, datetime.fromtimestamp(
            os.path.getctime(self.storage.path(f_name))))
        self.assertLess(datetime.now() - self.storage.created_time(f_name), timedelta(seconds=2))

        self.storage.delete(f_name)

    def test_file_modified_time(self):
        """
        File storage returns a Datetime object for the last modified time of
        a file.
        """
        self.assertFalse(self.storage.exists('test.file'))

        f = ContentFile('custom contents')
        f_name = self.storage.save('test.file', f)
        mtime = self.storage.modified_time(f_name)

        self.assertEqual(mtime, datetime.fromtimestamp(
            os.path.getmtime(self.storage.path(f_name))))
        self.assertLess(datetime.now() - self.storage.modified_time(f_name), timedelta(seconds=2))

        self.storage.delete(f_name)

    def test_file_save_without_name(self):
        """
        File storage extracts the filename from the content object if no
        name is given explicitly.
        """
        self.assertFalse(self.storage.exists('test.file'))

        f = ContentFile('custom contents')
        f.name = 'test.file'

        storage_f_name = self.storage.save(None, f)

        self.assertEqual(storage_f_name, f.name)

        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(os.path.join(self.temp_dir, f.name)))

        self.storage.delete(storage_f_name)

    def test_file_save_with_path(self):
        """
        Saving a pathname should create intermediate directories as necessary.
        """
        self.assertFalse(self.storage.exists('path/to'))
        self.storage.save('path/to/test.file',
            ContentFile('file saved with path'))

        self.assertTrue(self.storage.exists('path/to'))
        with self.storage.open('path/to/test.file') as f:
            self.assertEqual(f.read(), b'file saved with path')

        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(
            os.path.join(self.temp_dir, 'path', 'to', 'test.file')))

        self.storage.delete('path/to/test.file')

    def test_save_doesnt_close(self):
        with TemporaryUploadedFile('test', 'text/plain', 1, 'utf8') as file:
            file.write(b'1')
            file.seek(0)
            self.assertFalse(file.closed)
            self.storage.save('path/to/test.file', file)
            self.assertFalse(file.closed)
            self.assertFalse(file.file.closed)

        file = InMemoryUploadedFile(six.StringIO('1'), '', 'test',
                                    'text/plain', 1, 'utf8')
        with file:
            self.assertFalse(file.closed)
            self.storage.save('path/to/test.file', file)
            self.assertFalse(file.closed)
            self.assertFalse(file.file.closed)

    def test_file_path(self):
        """
        File storage returns the full path of a file
        """
        self.assertFalse(self.storage.exists('test.file'))

        f = ContentFile('custom contents')
        f_name = self.storage.save('test.file', f)

        self.assertEqual(self.storage.path(f_name),
            os.path.join(self.temp_dir, f_name))

        self.storage.delete(f_name)

    def test_file_url(self):
        """
        File storage returns a url to access a given file from the Web.
        """
        self.assertEqual(self.storage.url('test.file'),
            '%s%s' % (self.storage.base_url, 'test.file'))

        # should encode special chars except ~!*()'
        # like encodeURIComponent() JavaScript function do
        self.assertEqual(self.storage.url(r"""~!*()'@#$%^&*abc`+ =.file"""),
            """/test_media_url/~!*()'%40%23%24%25%5E%26*abc%60%2B%20%3D.file""")

        # should stanslate os path separator(s) to the url path separator
        self.assertEqual(self.storage.url("""a/b\\c.file"""),
            """/test_media_url/a/b/c.file""")

        self.storage.base_url = None
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.storage.url, 'test.file')

        # #22717: missing ending slash in base_url should be auto-corrected
        storage = self.storage_class(location=self.temp_dir,
            base_url='/no_ending_slash')
        self.assertEqual(
            storage.url('test.file'),
            '%s%s' % (storage.base_url, 'test.file')
        )

    def test_listdir(self):
        """
        File storage returns a tuple containing directories and files.
        """
        self.assertFalse(self.storage.exists('storage_test_1'))
        self.assertFalse(self.storage.exists('storage_test_2'))
        self.assertFalse(self.storage.exists('storage_dir_1'))

        self.storage.save('storage_test_1', ContentFile('custom content'))
        self.storage.save('storage_test_2', ContentFile('custom content'))
        os.mkdir(os.path.join(self.temp_dir, 'storage_dir_1'))

        dirs, files = self.storage.listdir('')
        self.assertEqual(set(dirs), {'storage_dir_1'})
        self.assertEqual(set(files),
                         {'storage_test_1', 'storage_test_2'})

        self.storage.delete('storage_test_1')
        self.storage.delete('storage_test_2')
        os.rmdir(os.path.join(self.temp_dir, 'storage_dir_1'))

    def test_file_storage_prevents_directory_traversal(self):
        """
        File storage prevents directory traversal (files can only be accessed if
        they're below the storage location).
        """
        self.assertRaises(SuspiciousOperation, self.storage.exists, '..')
        self.assertRaises(SuspiciousOperation, self.storage.exists, '/etc/passwd')

    def test_file_storage_preserves_filename_case(self):
        """The storage backend should preserve case of filenames."""
        # Create a storage backend associated with the mixed case name
        # directory.
        other_temp_storage = self.storage_class(location=self.temp_dir2)
        # Ask that storage backend to store a file with a mixed case filename.
        mixed_case = 'CaSe_SeNsItIvE'
        file = other_temp_storage.open(mixed_case, 'w')
        file.write('storage contents')
        file.close()
        self.assertEqual(os.path.join(self.temp_dir2, mixed_case),
                         other_temp_storage.path(mixed_case))
        other_temp_storage.delete(mixed_case)

    def test_makedirs_race_handling(self):
        """
        File storage should be robust against directory creation race conditions.
        """
        real_makedirs = os.makedirs

        # Monkey-patch os.makedirs, to simulate a normal call, a raced call,
        # and an error.
        def fake_makedirs(path):
            if path == os.path.join(self.temp_dir, 'normal'):
                real_makedirs(path)
            elif path == os.path.join(self.temp_dir, 'raced'):
                real_makedirs(path)
                raise OSError(errno.EEXIST, 'simulated EEXIST')
            elif path == os.path.join(self.temp_dir, 'error'):
                raise OSError(errno.EACCES, 'simulated EACCES')
            else:
                self.fail('unexpected argument %r' % path)

        try:
            os.makedirs = fake_makedirs

            self.storage.save('normal/test.file',
                ContentFile('saved normally'))
            with self.storage.open('normal/test.file') as f:
                self.assertEqual(f.read(), b'saved normally')

            self.storage.save('raced/test.file',
                ContentFile('saved with race'))
            with self.storage.open('raced/test.file') as f:
                self.assertEqual(f.read(), b'saved with race')

            # Check that OSErrors aside from EEXIST are still raised.
            self.assertRaises(OSError,
                self.storage.save, 'error/test.file', ContentFile('not saved'))
        finally:
            os.makedirs = real_makedirs

    def test_remove_race_handling(self):
        """
        File storage should be robust against file removal race conditions.
        """
        real_remove = os.remove

        # Monkey-patch os.remove, to simulate a normal call, a raced call,
        # and an error.
        def fake_remove(path):
            if path == os.path.join(self.temp_dir, 'normal.file'):
                real_remove(path)
            elif path == os.path.join(self.temp_dir, 'raced.file'):
                real_remove(path)
                raise OSError(errno.ENOENT, 'simulated ENOENT')
            elif path == os.path.join(self.temp_dir, 'error.file'):
                raise OSError(errno.EACCES, 'simulated EACCES')
            else:
                self.fail('unexpected argument %r' % path)

        try:
            os.remove = fake_remove

            self.storage.save('normal.file', ContentFile('delete normally'))
            self.storage.delete('normal.file')
            self.assertFalse(self.storage.exists('normal.file'))

            self.storage.save('raced.file', ContentFile('delete with race'))
            self.storage.delete('raced.file')
            self.assertFalse(self.storage.exists('normal.file'))

            # Check that OSErrors aside from ENOENT are still raised.
            self.storage.save('error.file', ContentFile('delete with error'))
            self.assertRaises(OSError, self.storage.delete, 'error.file')
        finally:
            os.remove = real_remove

    def test_file_chunks_error(self):
        """
        Test behavior when file.chunks() is raising an error
        """
        f1 = ContentFile('chunks fails')

        def failing_chunks():
            raise IOError
        f1.chunks = failing_chunks
        with self.assertRaises(IOError):
            self.storage.save('error.file', f1)

    def test_delete_no_name(self):
        """
        Calling delete with an empty name should not try to remove the base
        storage directory, but fail loudly (#20660).
        """
        with self.assertRaises(AssertionError):
            self.storage.delete('')


class CustomStorage(FileSystemStorage):
    def get_available_name(self, name):
        """
        Append numbers to duplicate files rather than underscores, like Trac.
        """
        parts = name.split('.')
        basename, ext = parts[0], parts[1:]
        number = 2
        while self.exists(name):
            name = '.'.join([basename, str(number)] + ext)
            number += 1

        return name


class CustomStorageTests(FileStorageTests):
    storage_class = CustomStorage

    def test_custom_get_available_name(self):
        first = self.storage.save('custom_storage', ContentFile('custom contents'))
        self.assertEqual(first, 'custom_storage')
        second = self.storage.save('custom_storage', ContentFile('more contents'))
        self.assertEqual(second, 'custom_storage.2')
        self.storage.delete(first)
        self.storage.delete(second)


class FileFieldStorageTests(unittest.TestCase):
    def tearDown(self):
        shutil.rmtree(temp_storage_location)

    def test_files(self):
        # Attempting to access a FileField from the class raises a descriptive
        # error
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, lambda: Storage.normal)

        # An object without a file has limited functionality.
        obj1 = Storage()
        self.assertEqual(obj1.normal.name, "")
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: obj1.normal.size)

        # Saving a file enables full functionality.
        obj1.normal.save("django_test.txt", ContentFile("content"))
        self.assertEqual(obj1.normal.name, "tests/django_test.txt")
        self.assertEqual(obj1.normal.size, 7)
        self.assertEqual(obj1.normal.read(), b"content")
        obj1.normal.close()

        # File objects can be assigned to FileField attributes, but shouldn't
        # get committed until the model it's attached to is saved.
        obj1.normal = SimpleUploadedFile("assignment.txt", b"content")
        dirs, files = temp_storage.listdir("tests")
        self.assertEqual(dirs, [])
        self.assertNotIn("assignment.txt", files)

        obj1.save()
        dirs, files = temp_storage.listdir("tests")
        self.assertEqual(sorted(files), ["assignment.txt", "django_test.txt"])

        # Save another file with the same name.
        obj2 = Storage()
        obj2.normal.save("django_test.txt", ContentFile("more content"))
        obj2_name = obj2.normal.name
        six.assertRegex(self, obj2_name, "tests/django_test_%s.txt" % FILE_SUFFIX_REGEX)
        self.assertEqual(obj2.normal.size, 12)
        obj2.normal.close()

        # Deleting an object does not delete the file it uses.
        obj2.delete()
        obj2.normal.save("django_test.txt", ContentFile("more content"))
        self.assertNotEqual(obj2_name, obj2.normal.name)
        six.assertRegex(self, obj2.normal.name, "tests/django_test_%s.txt" % FILE_SUFFIX_REGEX)
        obj2.normal.close()

    def test_filefield_read(self):
        # Files can be read in a little at a time, if necessary.
        obj = Storage.objects.create(
            normal=SimpleUploadedFile("assignment.txt", b"content"))
        obj.normal.open()
        self.assertEqual(obj.normal.read(3), b"con")
        self.assertEqual(obj.normal.read(), b"tent")
        self.assertEqual(list(obj.normal.chunks(chunk_size=2)), [b"co", b"nt", b"en", b"t"])
        obj.normal.close()

    def test_duplicate_filename(self):
        # Multiple files with the same name get _(7 random chars) appended to them.
        objs = [Storage() for i in range(2)]
        for o in objs:
            o.normal.save("multiple_files.txt", ContentFile("Same Content"))
        try:
            names = [o.normal.name for o in objs]
            self.assertEqual(names[0], "tests/multiple_files.txt")
            six.assertRegex(self, names[1], "tests/multiple_files_%s.txt" % FILE_SUFFIX_REGEX)
        finally:
            for o in objs:
                o.delete()

    def test_filefield_default(self):
        # Default values allow an object to access a single file.
        temp_storage.save('tests/default.txt', ContentFile('default content'))
        obj = Storage.objects.create()
        self.assertEqual(obj.default.name, "tests/default.txt")
        self.assertEqual(obj.default.read(), b"default content")
        obj.default.close()

        # But it shouldn't be deleted, even if there are no more objects using
        # it.
        obj.delete()
        obj = Storage()
        self.assertEqual(obj.default.read(), b"default content")
        obj.default.close()

    def test_empty_upload_to(self):
        # upload_to can be empty, meaning it does not use subdirectory.
        obj = Storage()
        obj.empty.save('django_test.txt', ContentFile('more content'))
        self.assertEqual(obj.empty.name, "./django_test.txt")
        self.assertEqual(obj.empty.read(), b"more content")
        obj.empty.close()

    def test_random_upload_to(self):
        # Verify the fix for #5655, making sure the directory is only
        # determined once.
        obj = Storage()
        obj.random.save("random_file", ContentFile("random content"))
        self.assertTrue(obj.random.name.endswith("/random_file"))
        obj.random.close()

    def test_filefield_pickling(self):
        # Push an object into the cache to make sure it pickles properly
        obj = Storage()
        obj.normal.save("django_test.txt", ContentFile("more content"))
        obj.normal.close()
        cache.set("obj", obj)
        self.assertEqual(cache.get("obj").normal.name, "tests/django_test.txt")

    def test_file_object(self):
        # Create sample file
        temp_storage.save('tests/example.txt', ContentFile('some content'))

        # Load it as python file object
        with open(temp_storage.path('tests/example.txt')) as file_obj:
            # Save it using storage and read its content
            temp_storage.save('tests/file_obj', file_obj)
        self.assertTrue(temp_storage.exists('tests/file_obj'))
        with temp_storage.open('tests/file_obj') as f:
            self.assertEqual(f.read(), b'some content')

    def test_stringio(self):
        # Test passing StringIO instance as content argument to save
        output = six.StringIO()
        output.write('content')
        output.seek(0)

        # Save it and read written file
        temp_storage.save('tests/stringio', output)
        self.assertTrue(temp_storage.exists('tests/stringio'))
        with temp_storage.open('tests/stringio') as f:
            self.assertEqual(f.read(), b'content')


# Tests for a race condition on file saving (#4948).
# This is written in such a way that it'll always pass on platforms
# without threading.

class SlowFile(ContentFile):
    def chunks(self):
        time.sleep(1)
        return super(ContentFile, self).chunks()


class FileSaveRaceConditionTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.storage_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        self.storage = FileSystemStorage(self.storage_dir)
        self.thread = threading.Thread(target=self.save_file, args=['conflict'])

    def tearDown(self):
        shutil.rmtree(self.storage_dir)

    def save_file(self, name):
        name = self.storage.save(name, SlowFile(b"Data"))

    def test_race_condition(self):
        self.thread.start()
        self.save_file('conflict')
        self.thread.join()
        files = sorted(os.listdir(self.storage_dir))
        self.assertEqual(files[0], 'conflict')
        six.assertRegex(self, files[1], 'conflict_%s' % FILE_SUFFIX_REGEX)


@unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith('win'), "Windows only partially supports umasks and chmod.")
class FileStoragePermissions(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.umask = 0o027
        self.old_umask = os.umask(self.umask)
        self.storage_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()

    def tearDown(self):
        shutil.rmtree(self.storage_dir)
        os.umask(self.old_umask)

    @override_settings(FILE_UPLOAD_PERMISSIONS=0o654)
    def test_file_upload_permissions(self):
        self.storage = FileSystemStorage(self.storage_dir)
        name = self.storage.save("the_file", ContentFile("data"))
        actual_mode = os.stat(self.storage.path(name))[0] & 0o777
        self.assertEqual(actual_mode, 0o654)

    @override_settings(FILE_UPLOAD_PERMISSIONS=None)
    def test_file_upload_default_permissions(self):
        self.storage = FileSystemStorage(self.storage_dir)
        fname = self.storage.save("some_file", ContentFile("data"))
        mode = os.stat(self.storage.path(fname))[0] & 0o777
        self.assertEqual(mode, 0o666 & ~self.umask)

    @override_settings(FILE_UPLOAD_DIRECTORY_PERMISSIONS=0o765)
    def test_file_upload_directory_permissions(self):
        self.storage = FileSystemStorage(self.storage_dir)
        name = self.storage.save("the_directory/the_file", ContentFile("data"))
        dir_mode = os.stat(os.path.dirname(self.storage.path(name)))[0] & 0o777
        self.assertEqual(dir_mode, 0o765)

    @override_settings(FILE_UPLOAD_DIRECTORY_PERMISSIONS=None)
    def test_file_upload_directory_default_permissions(self):
        self.storage = FileSystemStorage(self.storage_dir)
        name = self.storage.save("the_directory/the_file", ContentFile("data"))
        dir_mode = os.stat(os.path.dirname(self.storage.path(name)))[0] & 0o777
        self.assertEqual(dir_mode, 0o777 & ~self.umask)


class FileStoragePathParsing(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.storage_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        self.storage = FileSystemStorage(self.storage_dir)

    def tearDown(self):
        shutil.rmtree(self.storage_dir)

    def test_directory_with_dot(self):
        """Regression test for #9610.

        If the directory name contains a dot and the file name doesn't, make
        sure we still mangle the file name instead of the directory name.
        """

        self.storage.save('dotted.path/test', ContentFile("1"))
        self.storage.save('dotted.path/test', ContentFile("2"))

        files = sorted(os.listdir(os.path.join(self.storage_dir, 'dotted.path')))
        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(os.path.join(self.storage_dir, 'dotted_.path')))
        self.assertEqual(files[0], 'test')
        six.assertRegex(self, files[1], 'test_%s' % FILE_SUFFIX_REGEX)

    def test_first_character_dot(self):
        """
        File names with a dot as their first character don't have an extension,
        and the underscore should get added to the end.
        """
        self.storage.save('dotted.path/.test', ContentFile("1"))
        self.storage.save('dotted.path/.test', ContentFile("2"))

        files = sorted(os.listdir(os.path.join(self.storage_dir, 'dotted.path')))
        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(os.path.join(self.storage_dir, 'dotted_.path')))
        self.assertEqual(files[0], '.test')
        six.assertRegex(self, files[1], '.test_%s' % FILE_SUFFIX_REGEX)


class ContentFileStorageTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.storage_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        self.storage = FileSystemStorage(self.storage_dir)

    def tearDown(self):
        shutil.rmtree(self.storage_dir)

    def test_content_saving(self):
        """
        Test that ContentFile can be saved correctly with the filesystem storage,
        both if it was initialized with string or unicode content"""
        self.storage.save('bytes.txt', ContentFile(b"content"))
        self.storage.save('unicode.txt', ContentFile("español"))


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='file_storage.urls')
class FileLikeObjectTestCase(LiveServerTestCase):
    """
    Test file-like objects (#15644).
    """

    available_apps = []

    def setUp(self):
        self.temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        self.storage = FileSystemStorage(location=self.temp_dir)

    def tearDown(self):
        shutil.rmtree(self.temp_dir)

    def test_urllib2_urlopen(self):
        """
        Test the File storage API with a file like object coming from urllib2.urlopen()
        """
        file_like_object = urlopen(self.live_server_url + '/')
        f = File(file_like_object)
        stored_filename = self.storage.save("remote_file.html", f)

        remote_file = urlopen(self.live_server_url + '/')
        with self.storage.open(stored_filename) as stored_file:
            self.assertEqual(stored_file.read(), remote_file.read())