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1768 lines
61 KiB
Plaintext
==================================
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``django-admin`` and ``manage.py``
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==================================
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``django-admin`` is Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks.
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This document outlines all it can do.
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In addition, ``manage.py`` is automatically created in each Django project.
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``manage.py`` does the same thing as ``django-admin`` but takes care of a few
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things for you:
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* It puts your project's package on ``sys.path``.
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* It sets the :envvar:`DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE` environment variable so that
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it points to your project's ``settings.py`` file.
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The ``django-admin`` script should be on your system path if you installed
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Django via its ``setup.py`` utility. If it's not on your path, you can find it
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in ``site-packages/django/bin`` within your Python installation. Consider
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symlinking it from some place on your path, such as ``/usr/local/bin``.
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For Windows users, who do not have symlinking functionality available, you can
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copy ``django-admin.exe`` to a location on your existing path or edit the
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``PATH`` settings (under ``Settings - Control Panel - System - Advanced -
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Environment...``) to point to its installed location.
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Generally, when working on a single Django project, it's easier to use
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``manage.py`` than ``django-admin``. If you need to switch between multiple
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Django settings files, use ``django-admin`` with
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:envvar:`DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE` or the :option:`--settings` command line
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option.
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The command-line examples throughout this document use ``django-admin`` to
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be consistent, but any example can use ``manage.py`` or ``python -m django``
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just as well.
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Usage
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=====
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.. code-block:: console
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$ django-admin <command> [options]
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$ manage.py <command> [options]
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$ python -m django <command> [options]
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``command`` should be one of the commands listed in this document.
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``options``, which is optional, should be zero or more of the options available
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for the given command.
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Getting runtime help
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--------------------
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.. django-admin:: help
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Run ``django-admin help`` to display usage information and a list of the
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commands provided by each application.
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Run ``django-admin help --commands`` to display a list of all available
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commands.
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Run ``django-admin help <command>`` to display a description of the given
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command and a list of its available options.
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App names
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---------
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Many commands take a list of "app names." An "app name" is the basename of
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the package containing your models. For example, if your :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS`
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contains the string ``'mysite.blog'``, the app name is ``blog``.
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Determining the version
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-----------------------
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.. django-admin:: version
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Run ``django-admin version`` to display the current Django version.
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The output follows the schema described in :pep:`440`::
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1.4.dev17026
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1.4a1
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1.4
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Displaying debug output
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-----------------------
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.. program:: None
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Use :option:`--verbosity` to specify the amount of notification and debug
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information that ``django-admin`` prints to the console.
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Available commands
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==================
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``check``
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---------
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.. django-admin:: check [app_label [app_label ...]]
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Uses the :doc:`system check framework </ref/checks>` to inspect the entire
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Django project for common problems.
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By default, all apps will be checked. You can check a subset of apps by
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providing a list of app labels as arguments::
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django-admin check auth admin myapp
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If you do not specify any app, all apps will be checked.
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.. django-admin-option:: --tag TAGS, -t TAGS
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The system check framework performs many different types of checks that are
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:ref:`categorized with tags <system-check-builtin-tags>`. You can use these
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tags to restrict the checks performed to just those in a particular category.
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For example, to perform only models and compatibility checks, run::
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django-admin check --tag models --tag compatibility
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.. django-admin-option:: --list-tags
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Lists all available tags.
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.. django-admin-option:: --deploy
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Activates some additional checks that are only relevant in a deployment setting.
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You can use this option in your local development environment, but since your
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local development settings module may not have many of your production settings,
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you will probably want to point the ``check`` command at a different settings
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module, either by setting the ``DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE`` environment variable,
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or by passing the ``--settings`` option::
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django-admin check --deploy --settings=production_settings
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Or you could run it directly on a production or staging deployment to verify
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that the correct settings are in use (omitting ``--settings``). You could even
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make it part of your integration test suite.
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.. django-admin-option:: --fail-level {CRITICAL,ERROR,WARNING,INFO,DEBUG}
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.. versionadded:: 1.10
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Specifies the message level that will cause the command to exit with a non-zero
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status. Default is ``ERROR``.
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``compilemessages``
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-------------------
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.. django-admin:: compilemessages
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Compiles ``.po`` files created by :djadmin:`makemessages` to ``.mo`` files for
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use with the built-in gettext support. See :doc:`/topics/i18n/index`.
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.. django-admin-option:: --locale LOCALE, -l LOCALE
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Specifies the locale(s) to process. If not provided, all locales are processed.
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.. django-admin-option:: --exclude EXCLUDE, -x EXCLUDE
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Specifies the locale(s) to exclude from processing. If not provided, no locales
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are excluded.
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.. django-admin-option:: --use-fuzzy, -f
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Includes fuzzy translations into compiled files.
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Example usage::
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django-admin compilemessages --locale=pt_BR
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django-admin compilemessages --locale=pt_BR --locale=fr -f
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django-admin compilemessages -l pt_BR
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django-admin compilemessages -l pt_BR -l fr --use-fuzzy
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django-admin compilemessages --exclude=pt_BR
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django-admin compilemessages --exclude=pt_BR --exclude=fr
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django-admin compilemessages -x pt_BR
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django-admin compilemessages -x pt_BR -x fr
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``createcachetable``
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--------------------
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.. django-admin:: createcachetable
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Creates the cache tables for use with the database cache backend using the
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information from your settings file. See :doc:`/topics/cache` for more
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information.
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.. django-admin-option:: --database DATABASE
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Specifies the database in which the cache table(s) will be created. Defaults to
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``default``.
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.. django-admin-option:: --dry-run
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Prints the SQL that would be run without actually running it, so you can
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customize it or use the migrations framework.
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``dbshell``
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-----------
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.. django-admin:: dbshell
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Runs the command-line client for the database engine specified in your
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:setting:`ENGINE <DATABASE-ENGINE>` setting, with the connection parameters
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specified in your :setting:`USER`, :setting:`PASSWORD`, etc., settings.
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* For PostgreSQL, this runs the ``psql`` command-line client.
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* For MySQL, this runs the ``mysql`` command-line client.
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* For SQLite, this runs the ``sqlite3`` command-line client.
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* For Oracle, this runs the ``sqlplus`` command-line client.
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This command assumes the programs are on your ``PATH`` so that a simple call to
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the program name (``psql``, ``mysql``, ``sqlite3``, ``sqlplus``) will find the
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program in the right place. There's no way to specify the location of the
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program manually.
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.. django-admin-option:: --database DATABASE
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Specifies the database onto which to open a shell. Defaults to ``default``.
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``diffsettings``
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----------------
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.. django-admin:: diffsettings
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Displays differences between the current settings file and Django's default
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settings.
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Settings that don't appear in the defaults are followed by ``"###"``. For
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example, the default settings don't define :setting:`ROOT_URLCONF`, so
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:setting:`ROOT_URLCONF` is followed by ``"###"`` in the output of
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``diffsettings``.
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.. django-admin-option:: --all
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Displays all settings, even if they have Django's default value. Such settings
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are prefixed by ``"###"``.
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``dumpdata``
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------------
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.. django-admin:: dumpdata [app_label[.ModelName] [app_label[.ModelName] ...]]
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Outputs to standard output all data in the database associated with the named
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application(s).
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If no application name is provided, all installed applications will be dumped.
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The output of ``dumpdata`` can be used as input for :djadmin:`loaddata`.
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Note that ``dumpdata`` uses the default manager on the model for selecting the
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records to dump. If you're using a :ref:`custom manager <custom-managers>` as
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the default manager and it filters some of the available records, not all of the
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objects will be dumped.
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.. django-admin-option:: --all, -a
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Uses Django's base manager, dumping records which might otherwise be filtered
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or modified by a custom manager.
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.. django-admin-option:: --format FORMAT
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Specifies the serialization format of the output. Defaults to JSON. Supported
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formats are listed in :ref:`serialization-formats`.
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.. django-admin-option:: --indent INDENT
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Specifies the number of indentation spaces to use in the output. Defaults to
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``None`` which displays all data on single line.
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.. django-admin-option:: --exclude EXCLUDE, -e EXCLUDE
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Prevents specific applications or models (specified in the form of
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``app_label.ModelName``) from being dumped. If you specify a model name, the
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output will be restricted to that model, rather than the entire application.
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You can also mix application names and model names.
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If you want to exclude multiple applications, pass ``--exclude`` more than
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once::
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django-admin dumpdata --exclude=auth --exclude=contenttypes
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.. django-admin-option:: --database DATABASE
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Specifies the database from which data will be dumped. Defaults to ``default``.
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.. django-admin-option:: --natural-foreign
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Uses the ``natural_key()`` model method to serialize any foreign key and
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many-to-many relationship to objects of the type that defines the method. If
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you're dumping ``contrib.auth`` ``Permission`` objects or
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``contrib.contenttypes`` ``ContentType`` objects, you should probably use this
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flag. See the :ref:`natural keys <topics-serialization-natural-keys>`
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documentation for more details on this and the next option.
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.. django-admin-option:: --natural-primary
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Omits the primary key in the serialized data of this object since it can be
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calculated during deserialization.
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.. django-admin-option:: --pks PRIMARY_KEYS
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Outputs only the objects specified by a comma separated list of primary keys.
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This is only available when dumping one model. By default, all the records of
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the model are output.
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.. django-admin-option:: --output OUTPUT, -o OUTPUT
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Specifies a file to write the serialized data to. By default, the data goes to
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standard output.
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When this option is set and ``--verbosity`` is greater than 0 (the default), a
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progress bar is shown in the terminal.
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``flush``
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---------
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.. django-admin:: flush
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Removes all data from the database and re-executes any post-synchronization
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handlers. The table of which migrations have been applied is not cleared.
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If you would rather start from an empty database and re-run all migrations, you
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should drop and recreate the database and then run :djadmin:`migrate` instead.
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.. django-admin-option:: --noinput, --no-input
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Suppresses all user prompts.
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.. django-admin-option:: --database DATABASE
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Specifies the database to flush. Defaults to ``default``.
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``inspectdb``
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-------------
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.. django-admin:: inspectdb [table [table ...]]
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Introspects the database tables in the database pointed-to by the
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:setting:`NAME` setting and outputs a Django model module (a ``models.py``
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file) to standard output. You may choose what tables to inspect by passing
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their names as arguments.
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Use this if you have a legacy database with which you'd like to use Django.
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The script will inspect the database and create a model for each table within
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it.
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As you might expect, the created models will have an attribute for every field
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in the table. Note that ``inspectdb`` has a few special cases in its field-name
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output:
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* If ``inspectdb`` cannot map a column's type to a model field type, it'll
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use ``TextField`` and will insert the Python comment
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``'This field type is a guess.'`` next to the field in the generated
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model.
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* If the database column name is a Python reserved word (such as
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``'pass'``, ``'class'`` or ``'for'``), ``inspectdb`` will append
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``'_field'`` to the attribute name. For example, if a table has a column
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``'for'``, the generated model will have a field ``'for_field'``, with
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the ``db_column`` attribute set to ``'for'``. ``inspectdb`` will insert
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the Python comment
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``'Field renamed because it was a Python reserved word.'`` next to the
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field.
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This feature is meant as a shortcut, not as definitive model generation. After
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you run it, you'll want to look over the generated models yourself to make
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customizations. In particular, you'll need to rearrange models' order, so that
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models that refer to other models are ordered properly.
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Primary keys are automatically introspected for PostgreSQL, MySQL and
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SQLite, in which case Django puts in the ``primary_key=True`` where
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needed.
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``inspectdb`` works with PostgreSQL, MySQL and SQLite. Foreign-key detection
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only works in PostgreSQL and with certain types of MySQL tables.
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Django doesn't create database defaults when a
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:attr:`~django.db.models.Field.default` is specified on a model field.
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Similarly, database defaults aren't translated to model field defaults or
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detected in any fashion by ``inspectdb``.
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By default, ``inspectdb`` creates unmanaged models. That is, ``managed = False``
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in the model's ``Meta`` class tells Django not to manage each table's creation,
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modification, and deletion. If you do want to allow Django to manage the
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table's lifecycle, you'll need to change the
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:attr:`~django.db.models.Options.managed` option to ``True`` (or simply remove
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it because ``True`` is its default value).
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.. versionadded:: 1.10
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Support for the ``table`` argument(s) to choose what tables should be
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inspected was added.
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.. django-admin-option:: --database DATABASE
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Specifies the database to introspect. Defaults to ``default``.
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``loaddata``
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------------
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.. django-admin:: loaddata fixture [fixture ...]
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Searches for and loads the contents of the named fixture into the database.
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.. django-admin-option:: --database DATABASE
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Specifies the database into which the data will be loaded. Defaults to
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``default``.
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.. django-admin-option:: --ignorenonexistent, -i
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Ignores fields and models that may have been removed since the fixture was
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originally generated.
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.. django-admin-option:: --app APP_LABEL
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Specifies a single app to look for fixtures in rather than looking in all apps.
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.. django-admin-option:: --exclude EXCLUDE, -e EXCLUDE
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.. versionadded:: 1.11
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Excludes loading the fixtures from the given applications and/or models (in the
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form of ``app_label`` or ``app_label.ModelName``). Use the option multiple
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times to exclude more than one app or model.
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What's a "fixture"?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A *fixture* is a collection of files that contain the serialized contents of
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the database. Each fixture has a unique name, and the files that comprise the
|
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fixture can be distributed over multiple directories, in multiple applications.
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Django will search in three locations for fixtures:
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1. In the ``fixtures`` directory of every installed application
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2. In any directory named in the :setting:`FIXTURE_DIRS` setting
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3. In the literal path named by the fixture
|
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Django will load any and all fixtures it finds in these locations that match
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the provided fixture names.
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If the named fixture has a file extension, only fixtures of that type
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will be loaded. For example::
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django-admin loaddata mydata.json
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would only load JSON fixtures called ``mydata``. The fixture extension
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must correspond to the registered name of a
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:ref:`serializer <serialization-formats>` (e.g., ``json`` or ``xml``).
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If you omit the extensions, Django will search all available fixture types
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for a matching fixture. For example::
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django-admin loaddata mydata
|
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would look for any fixture of any fixture type called ``mydata``. If a fixture
|
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directory contained ``mydata.json``, that fixture would be loaded
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as a JSON fixture.
|
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The fixtures that are named can include directory components. These
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directories will be included in the search path. For example::
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||
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django-admin loaddata foo/bar/mydata.json
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would search ``<app_label>/fixtures/foo/bar/mydata.json`` for each installed
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application, ``<dirname>/foo/bar/mydata.json`` for each directory in
|
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:setting:`FIXTURE_DIRS`, and the literal path ``foo/bar/mydata.json``.
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When fixture files are processed, the data is saved to the database as is.
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Model defined :meth:`~django.db.models.Model.save` methods are not called, and
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any :data:`~django.db.models.signals.pre_save` or
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:data:`~django.db.models.signals.post_save` signals will be called with
|
||
``raw=True`` since the instance only contains attributes that are local to the
|
||
model. You may, for example, want to disable handlers that access
|
||
related fields that aren't present during fixture loading and would otherwise
|
||
raise an exception::
|
||
|
||
from django.db.models.signals import post_save
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||
from .models import MyModel
|
||
|
||
def my_handler(**kwargs):
|
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# disable the handler during fixture loading
|
||
if kwargs['raw']:
|
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return
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...
|
||
|
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post_save.connect(my_handler, sender=MyModel)
|
||
|
||
You could also write a simple decorator to encapsulate this logic::
|
||
|
||
from functools import wraps
|
||
|
||
def disable_for_loaddata(signal_handler):
|
||
"""
|
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Decorator that turns off signal handlers when loading fixture data.
|
||
"""
|
||
@wraps(signal_handler)
|
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def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
|
||
if kwargs['raw']:
|
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return
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signal_handler(*args, **kwargs)
|
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return wrapper
|
||
|
||
@disable_for_loaddata
|
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def my_handler(**kwargs):
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||
...
|
||
|
||
Just be aware that this logic will disable the signals whenever fixtures are
|
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deserialized, not just during ``loaddata``.
|
||
|
||
Note that the order in which fixture files are processed is undefined. However,
|
||
all fixture data is installed as a single transaction, so data in
|
||
one fixture can reference data in another fixture. If the database backend
|
||
supports row-level constraints, these constraints will be checked at the
|
||
end of the transaction.
|
||
|
||
The :djadmin:`dumpdata` command can be used to generate input for ``loaddata``.
|
||
|
||
Compressed fixtures
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
||
Fixtures may be compressed in ``zip``, ``gz``, or ``bz2`` format. For example::
|
||
|
||
django-admin loaddata mydata.json
|
||
|
||
would look for any of ``mydata.json``, ``mydata.json.zip``,
|
||
``mydata.json.gz``, or ``mydata.json.bz2``. The first file contained within a
|
||
zip-compressed archive is used.
|
||
|
||
Note that if two fixtures with the same name but different
|
||
fixture type are discovered (for example, if ``mydata.json`` and
|
||
``mydata.xml.gz`` were found in the same fixture directory), fixture
|
||
installation will be aborted, and any data installed in the call to
|
||
``loaddata`` will be removed from the database.
|
||
|
||
.. admonition:: MySQL with MyISAM and fixtures
|
||
|
||
The MyISAM storage engine of MySQL doesn't support transactions or
|
||
constraints, so if you use MyISAM, you won't get validation of fixture
|
||
data, or a rollback if multiple transaction files are found.
|
||
|
||
Database-specific fixtures
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
||
If you're in a multi-database setup, you might have fixture data that
|
||
you want to load onto one database, but not onto another. In this
|
||
situation, you can add a database identifier into the names of your fixtures.
|
||
|
||
For example, if your :setting:`DATABASES` setting has a 'master' database
|
||
defined, name the fixture ``mydata.master.json`` or
|
||
``mydata.master.json.gz`` and the fixture will only be loaded when you
|
||
specify you want to load data into the ``master`` database.
|
||
|
||
``makemessages``
|
||
----------------
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin:: makemessages
|
||
|
||
Runs over the entire source tree of the current directory and pulls out all
|
||
strings marked for translation. It creates (or updates) a message file in the
|
||
conf/locale (in the Django tree) or locale (for project and application)
|
||
directory. After making changes to the messages files you need to compile them
|
||
with :djadmin:`compilemessages` for use with the builtin gettext support. See
|
||
the :ref:`i18n documentation <how-to-create-language-files>` for details.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --all, -a
|
||
|
||
Updates the message files for all available languages.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --extension EXTENSIONS, -e EXTENSIONS
|
||
|
||
Specifies a list of file extensions to examine (default: ``html``, ``txt``,
|
||
``py`` or ``js`` if :option:`--domain` is ``js``).
|
||
|
||
Example usage::
|
||
|
||
django-admin makemessages --locale=de --extension xhtml
|
||
|
||
Separate multiple extensions with commas or use ``-e`` or ``--extension``
|
||
multiple times::
|
||
|
||
django-admin makemessages --locale=de --extension=html,txt --extension xml
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --locale LOCALE, -l LOCALE
|
||
|
||
Specifies the locale(s) to process.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --exclude EXCLUDE, -x EXCLUDE
|
||
|
||
Specifies the locale(s) to exclude from processing. If not provided, no locales
|
||
are excluded.
|
||
|
||
Example usage::
|
||
|
||
django-admin makemessages --locale=pt_BR
|
||
django-admin makemessages --locale=pt_BR --locale=fr
|
||
django-admin makemessages -l pt_BR
|
||
django-admin makemessages -l pt_BR -l fr
|
||
django-admin makemessages --exclude=pt_BR
|
||
django-admin makemessages --exclude=pt_BR --exclude=fr
|
||
django-admin makemessages -x pt_BR
|
||
django-admin makemessages -x pt_BR -x fr
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --domain DOMAIN, -d DOMAIN
|
||
|
||
Specifies the domain of the messages files. Supported options are:
|
||
|
||
* ``django`` for all ``*.py``, ``*.html`` and ``*.txt`` files (default)
|
||
* ``djangojs`` for ``*.js`` files
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --symlinks, -s
|
||
|
||
Follows symlinks to directories when looking for new translation strings.
|
||
|
||
Example usage::
|
||
|
||
django-admin makemessages --locale=de --symlinks
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --ignore PATTERN, -i PATTERN
|
||
|
||
Ignores files or directories matching the given :mod:`glob`-style pattern. Use
|
||
multiple times to ignore more.
|
||
|
||
These patterns are used by default: ``'CVS'``, ``'.*'``, ``'*~'``, ``'*.pyc'``.
|
||
|
||
Example usage::
|
||
|
||
django-admin makemessages --locale=en_US --ignore=apps/* --ignore=secret/*.html
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --no-default-ignore
|
||
|
||
Disables the default values of ``--ignore``.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --no-wrap
|
||
|
||
Disables breaking long message lines into several lines in language files.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --no-location
|
||
|
||
Suppresses writing '``#: filename:line``’ comment lines in language files.
|
||
Using this option makes it harder for technically skilled translators to
|
||
understand each message's context.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --keep-pot
|
||
|
||
Prevents deleting the temporary ``.pot`` files generated before creating the
|
||
``.po`` file. This is useful for debugging errors which may prevent the final
|
||
language files from being created.
|
||
|
||
.. seealso::
|
||
|
||
See :ref:`customizing-makemessages` for instructions on how to customize
|
||
the keywords that :djadmin:`makemessages` passes to ``xgettext``.
|
||
|
||
``makemigrations``
|
||
------------------
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin:: makemigrations [app_label [app_label ...]]
|
||
|
||
Creates new migrations based on the changes detected to your models.
|
||
Migrations, their relationship with apps and more are covered in depth in
|
||
:doc:`the migrations documentation</topics/migrations>`.
|
||
|
||
Providing one or more app names as arguments will limit the migrations created
|
||
to the app(s) specified and any dependencies needed (the table at the other end
|
||
of a ``ForeignKey``, for example).
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --noinput, --no-input
|
||
|
||
Suppresses all user prompts. If a suppressed prompt cannot be resolved
|
||
automatically, the command will exit with error code 3.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --empty
|
||
|
||
Outputs an empty migration for the specified apps, for manual editing. This is
|
||
for advanced users and should not be used unless you are familiar with the
|
||
migration format, migration operations, and the dependencies between your
|
||
migrations.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --dry-run
|
||
|
||
Shows what migrations would be made without actually writing any migrations
|
||
files to disk. Using this option along with ``--verbosity 3`` will also show
|
||
the complete migrations files that would be written.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --merge
|
||
|
||
Enables fixing of migration conflicts.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --name NAME, -n NAME
|
||
|
||
Allows naming the generated migration(s) instead of using a generated name.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --exit, -e
|
||
|
||
.. deprecated:: 1.10
|
||
|
||
Use the ``--check`` option instead.
|
||
|
||
Makes ``makemigrations`` exit with error code 1 when no migrations are created
|
||
(or would have been created, if combined with ``--dry-run``).
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --check
|
||
|
||
.. versionadded:: 1.10
|
||
|
||
Makes ``makemigrations`` exit with a non-zero status when model changes without
|
||
migrations are detected.
|
||
|
||
``migrate``
|
||
-----------
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin:: migrate [app_label] [migration_name]
|
||
|
||
Synchronizes the database state with the current set of models and migrations.
|
||
Migrations, their relationship with apps and more are covered in depth in
|
||
:doc:`the migrations documentation</topics/migrations>`.
|
||
|
||
The behavior of this command changes depending on the arguments provided:
|
||
|
||
* No arguments: All apps have all of their migrations run.
|
||
* ``<app_label>``: The specified app has its migrations run, up to the most
|
||
recent migration. This may involve running other apps' migrations too, due
|
||
to dependencies.
|
||
* ``<app_label> <migrationname>``: Brings the database schema to a state where
|
||
the named migration is applied, but no later migrations in the same app are
|
||
applied. This may involve unapplying migrations if you have previously
|
||
migrated past the named migration. Use the name ``zero`` to unapply all
|
||
migrations for an app.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --database DATABASE
|
||
|
||
Specifies the database to migrate. Defaults to ``default``.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --fake
|
||
|
||
Tells Django to mark the migrations as having been applied or unapplied, but
|
||
without actually running the SQL to change your database schema.
|
||
|
||
This is intended for advanced users to manipulate the
|
||
current migration state directly if they're manually applying changes;
|
||
be warned that using ``--fake`` runs the risk of putting the migration state
|
||
table into a state where manual recovery will be needed to make migrations
|
||
run correctly.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --fake-initial
|
||
|
||
Allows Django to skip an app's initial migration if all database tables with
|
||
the names of all models created by all
|
||
:class:`~django.db.migrations.operations.CreateModel` operations in that
|
||
migration already exist. This option is intended for use when first running
|
||
migrations against a database that preexisted the use of migrations. This
|
||
option does not, however, check for matching database schema beyond matching
|
||
table names and so is only safe to use if you are confident that your existing
|
||
schema matches what is recorded in your initial migration.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --run-syncdb
|
||
|
||
Allows creating tables for apps without migrations. While this isn't
|
||
recommended, the migrations framework is sometimes too slow on large projects
|
||
with hundreds of models.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --noinput, --no-input
|
||
|
||
Suppresses all user prompts. An example prompt is asking about removing stale
|
||
content types.
|
||
|
||
``runserver``
|
||
-------------
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin:: runserver [addrport]
|
||
|
||
Starts a lightweight development Web server on the local machine. By default,
|
||
the server runs on port 8000 on the IP address ``127.0.0.1``. You can pass in an
|
||
IP address and port number explicitly.
|
||
|
||
If you run this script as a user with normal privileges (recommended), you
|
||
might not have access to start a port on a low port number. Low port numbers
|
||
are reserved for the superuser (root).
|
||
|
||
This server uses the WSGI application object specified by the
|
||
:setting:`WSGI_APPLICATION` setting.
|
||
|
||
DO NOT USE THIS SERVER IN A PRODUCTION SETTING. It has not gone through
|
||
security audits or performance tests. (And that's how it's gonna stay. We're in
|
||
the business of making Web frameworks, not Web servers, so improving this
|
||
server to be able to handle a production environment is outside the scope of
|
||
Django.)
|
||
|
||
The development server automatically reloads Python code for each request, as
|
||
needed. You don't need to restart the server for code changes to take effect.
|
||
However, some actions like adding files don't trigger a restart, so you'll
|
||
have to restart the server in these cases.
|
||
|
||
If you are using Linux and install `pyinotify`_, kernel signals will be used to
|
||
autoreload the server (rather than polling file modification timestamps each
|
||
second). This offers better scaling to large projects, reduction in response
|
||
time to code modification, more robust change detection, and battery usage
|
||
reduction.
|
||
|
||
.. _pyinotify: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyinotify/
|
||
|
||
When you start the server, and each time you change Python code while the
|
||
server is running, the system check framework will check your entire Django
|
||
project for some common errors (see the :djadmin:`check` command). If any
|
||
errors are found, they will be printed to standard output.
|
||
|
||
You can run as many concurrent servers as you want, as long as they're on
|
||
separate ports. Just execute ``django-admin runserver`` more than once.
|
||
|
||
Note that the default IP address, ``127.0.0.1``, is not accessible from other
|
||
machines on your network. To make your development server viewable to other
|
||
machines on the network, use its own IP address (e.g. ``192.168.2.1``) or
|
||
``0.0.0.0`` or ``::`` (with IPv6 enabled).
|
||
|
||
You can provide an IPv6 address surrounded by brackets
|
||
(e.g. ``[200a::1]:8000``). This will automatically enable IPv6 support.
|
||
|
||
A hostname containing ASCII-only characters can also be used.
|
||
|
||
If the :doc:`staticfiles</ref/contrib/staticfiles>` contrib app is enabled
|
||
(default in new projects) the :djadmin:`runserver` command will be overridden
|
||
with its own :ref:`runserver<staticfiles-runserver>` command.
|
||
|
||
If :djadmin:`migrate` was not previously executed, the table that stores the
|
||
history of migrations is created at first run of ``runserver``.
|
||
|
||
Logging of each request and response of the server is sent to the
|
||
:ref:`django-server-logger` logger.
|
||
|
||
.. versionchanged:: 1.10
|
||
|
||
In older versions, log messages were written to ``sys.stderr`` instead of
|
||
being handled through Python logging.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --noreload
|
||
|
||
Disables the auto-reloader. This means any Python code changes you make while
|
||
the server is running will *not* take effect if the particular Python modules
|
||
have already been loaded into memory.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --nothreading
|
||
|
||
Disables use of threading in the development server. The server is
|
||
multithreaded by default.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --ipv6, -6
|
||
|
||
Uses IPv6 for the development server. This changes the default IP address from
|
||
``127.0.0.1`` to ``::1``.
|
||
|
||
Examples of using different ports and addresses
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
||
Port 8000 on IP address ``127.0.0.1``::
|
||
|
||
django-admin runserver
|
||
|
||
Port 8000 on IP address ``1.2.3.4``::
|
||
|
||
django-admin runserver 1.2.3.4:8000
|
||
|
||
Port 7000 on IP address ``127.0.0.1``::
|
||
|
||
django-admin runserver 7000
|
||
|
||
Port 7000 on IP address ``1.2.3.4``::
|
||
|
||
django-admin runserver 1.2.3.4:7000
|
||
|
||
Port 8000 on IPv6 address ``::1``::
|
||
|
||
django-admin runserver -6
|
||
|
||
Port 7000 on IPv6 address ``::1``::
|
||
|
||
django-admin runserver -6 7000
|
||
|
||
Port 7000 on IPv6 address ``2001:0db8:1234:5678::9``::
|
||
|
||
django-admin runserver [2001:0db8:1234:5678::9]:7000
|
||
|
||
Port 8000 on IPv4 address of host ``localhost``::
|
||
|
||
django-admin runserver localhost:8000
|
||
|
||
Port 8000 on IPv6 address of host ``localhost``::
|
||
|
||
django-admin runserver -6 localhost:8000
|
||
|
||
Serving static files with the development server
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
||
By default, the development server doesn't serve any static files for your site
|
||
(such as CSS files, images, things under :setting:`MEDIA_URL` and so forth). If
|
||
you want to configure Django to serve static media, read
|
||
:doc:`/howto/static-files/index`.
|
||
|
||
``sendtestemail``
|
||
-----------------
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin:: sendtestemail [email [email ...]]
|
||
|
||
Sends a test email (to confirm email sending through Django is working) to the
|
||
recipient(s) specified. For example::
|
||
|
||
django-admin sendtestemail foo@example.com bar@example.com
|
||
|
||
There are a couple of options, and you may use any combination of them
|
||
together:
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --managers
|
||
|
||
Mails the email addresses specified in :setting:`MANAGERS` using
|
||
:meth:`~django.core.mail.mail_managers()`.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --admins
|
||
|
||
Mails the email addresses specified in :setting:`ADMINS` using
|
||
:meth:`~django.core.mail.mail_admins()`.
|
||
|
||
``shell``
|
||
---------
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin:: shell
|
||
|
||
Starts the Python interactive interpreter.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --interface {ipython,bpython,python}, -i {ipython,bpython,python}
|
||
|
||
Specifies the shell to use. By default, Django will use IPython_ or bpython_ if
|
||
either is installed. If both are installed, specify which one you want like so:
|
||
|
||
IPython::
|
||
|
||
django-admin shell -i ipython
|
||
|
||
bpython::
|
||
|
||
django-admin shell -i bpython
|
||
|
||
If you have a "rich" shell installed but want to force use of the "plain"
|
||
Python interpreter, use ``python`` as the interface name, like so::
|
||
|
||
django-admin shell -i python
|
||
|
||
.. deprecated:: 1.10
|
||
|
||
In older versions, use the ``--plain`` option instead of ``-i python``. This
|
||
is deprecated and will be removed in Django 2.0.
|
||
|
||
.. _IPython: https://ipython.org/
|
||
.. _bpython: http://bpython-interpreter.org/
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --nostartup
|
||
|
||
Disables reading the startup script for the "plain" Python interpreter. By
|
||
default, the script pointed to by the :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` environment
|
||
variable or the ``~/.pythonrc.py`` script is read.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --command COMMAND, -c COMMAND
|
||
|
||
.. versionadded:: 1.10
|
||
|
||
Lets you pass a command as a string to execute it as Django, like so::
|
||
|
||
django-admin shell --command="import django; print(django.__version__)"
|
||
|
||
``showmigrations``
|
||
------------------
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin:: showmigrations [app_label [app_label ...]]
|
||
|
||
Shows all migrations in a project. You can choose from one of two formats:
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --list, -l
|
||
|
||
Lists all of the apps Django knows about, the migrations available for each
|
||
app, and whether or not each migration is applied (marked by an ``[X]`` next to
|
||
the migration name).
|
||
|
||
Apps without migrations are also listed, but have ``(no migrations)`` printed
|
||
under them.
|
||
|
||
This is the default output format.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --plan, -p
|
||
|
||
Shows the migration plan Django will follow to apply migrations. Any supplied
|
||
app labels are ignored because the plan might go beyond those apps. Like
|
||
``--list``, applied migrations are marked by an ``[X]``. For a ``--verbosity``
|
||
of 2 and above, all dependencies of a migration will also be shown.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --database DATABASE
|
||
|
||
Specifies the database to examine. Defaults to ``default``.
|
||
|
||
``sqlflush``
|
||
------------
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin:: sqlflush
|
||
|
||
Prints the SQL statements that would be executed for the :djadmin:`flush`
|
||
command.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --database DATABASE
|
||
|
||
Specifies the database for which to print the SQL. Defaults to ``default``.
|
||
|
||
``sqlmigrate``
|
||
--------------
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin:: sqlmigrate app_label migration_name
|
||
|
||
Prints the SQL for the named migration. This requires an active database
|
||
connection, which it will use to resolve constraint names; this means you must
|
||
generate the SQL against a copy of the database you wish to later apply it on.
|
||
|
||
Note that ``sqlmigrate`` doesn't colorize its output.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --backwards
|
||
|
||
Generates the SQL for unapplying the migration. By default, the SQL created is
|
||
for running the migration in the forwards direction.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --database DATABASE
|
||
|
||
Specifies the database for which to generate the SQL. Defaults to ``default``.
|
||
|
||
``sqlsequencereset``
|
||
--------------------
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin:: sqlsequencereset app_label [app_label ...]
|
||
|
||
Prints the SQL statements for resetting sequences for the given app name(s).
|
||
|
||
Sequences are indexes used by some database engines to track the next available
|
||
number for automatically incremented fields.
|
||
|
||
Use this command to generate SQL which will fix cases where a sequence is out
|
||
of sync with its automatically incremented field data.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --database DATABASE
|
||
|
||
Specifies the database for which to print the SQL. Defaults to ``default``.
|
||
|
||
``squashmigrations``
|
||
--------------------
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin:: squashmigrations app_label [start_migration_name] migration_name
|
||
|
||
Squashes the migrations for ``app_label`` up to and including ``migration_name``
|
||
down into fewer migrations, if possible. The resulting squashed migrations
|
||
can live alongside the unsquashed ones safely. For more information,
|
||
please read :ref:`migration-squashing`.
|
||
|
||
When ``start_migration_name`` is given, Django will only include migrations
|
||
starting from and including this migration. This helps to mitigate the
|
||
squashing limitation of :class:`~django.db.migrations.operations.RunPython` and
|
||
:class:`django.db.migrations.operations.RunSQL` migration operations.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --no-optimize
|
||
|
||
Disables the optimizer when generating a squashed migration. By default, Django
|
||
will try to optimize the operations in your migrations to reduce the size of
|
||
the resulting file. Use this option if this process is failing or creating
|
||
incorrect migrations, though please also file a Django bug report about the
|
||
behavior, as optimization is meant to be safe.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --noinput, --no-input
|
||
|
||
Suppresses all user prompts.
|
||
|
||
``startapp``
|
||
------------
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin:: startapp name [directory]
|
||
|
||
Creates a Django app directory structure for the given app name in the current
|
||
directory or the given destination.
|
||
|
||
By default the directory created contains a ``models.py`` file and other app
|
||
template files. (See the `source`_ for more details.) If only the app
|
||
name is given, the app directory will be created in the current working
|
||
directory.
|
||
|
||
If the optional destination is provided, Django will use that existing
|
||
directory rather than creating a new one. You can use '.' to denote the current
|
||
working directory.
|
||
|
||
For example::
|
||
|
||
django-admin startapp myapp /Users/jezdez/Code/myapp
|
||
|
||
.. _custom-app-and-project-templates:
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --template TEMPLATE
|
||
|
||
Provides the path to a directory with a custom app template file or a path to a
|
||
compressed file (``.tar.gz``, ``.tar.bz2``, ``.tgz``, ``.tbz``, ``.zip``)
|
||
containing the app template files.
|
||
|
||
For example, this would look for an app template in the given directory when
|
||
creating the ``myapp`` app::
|
||
|
||
django-admin startapp --template=/Users/jezdez/Code/my_app_template myapp
|
||
|
||
Django will also accept URLs (``http``, ``https``, ``ftp``) to compressed
|
||
archives with the app template files, downloading and extracting them on the
|
||
fly.
|
||
|
||
For example, taking advantage of GitHub's feature to expose repositories as
|
||
zip files, you can use a URL like::
|
||
|
||
django-admin startapp --template=https://github.com/githubuser/django-app-template/archive/master.zip myapp
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --extension EXTENSIONS, -e EXTENSIONS
|
||
|
||
Specifies which file extensions in the app template should be rendered with the
|
||
template engine. Defaults to ``py``.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --name FILES, -n FILES
|
||
|
||
Specifies which files in the app template (in addition to those matching
|
||
``--extension``) should be rendered with the template engine. Defaults to an
|
||
empty list.
|
||
|
||
The :class:`template context <django.template.Context>` used for all matching
|
||
files is:
|
||
|
||
- Any option passed to the ``startapp`` command (among the command's supported
|
||
options)
|
||
- ``app_name`` -- the app name as passed to the command
|
||
- ``app_directory`` -- the full path of the newly created app
|
||
- ``camel_case_app_name`` -- the app name in camel case format
|
||
- ``docs_version`` -- the version of the documentation: ``'dev'`` or ``'1.x'``
|
||
|
||
.. _render_warning:
|
||
|
||
.. warning::
|
||
|
||
When the app template files are rendered with the Django template
|
||
engine (by default all ``*.py`` files), Django will also replace all
|
||
stray template variables contained. For example, if one of the Python files
|
||
contains a docstring explaining a particular feature related
|
||
to template rendering, it might result in an incorrect example.
|
||
|
||
To work around this problem, you can use the :ttag:`templatetag`
|
||
templatetag to "escape" the various parts of the template syntax.
|
||
|
||
In addition, to allow Python template files that contain Django template
|
||
language syntax while also preventing packaging systems from trying to
|
||
byte-compile invalid ``*.py`` files, template files ending with ``.py-tpl``
|
||
will be renamed to ``.py``.
|
||
|
||
.. _source: https://github.com/django/django/tree/master/django/conf/app_template/
|
||
|
||
``startproject``
|
||
----------------
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin:: startproject name [directory]
|
||
|
||
Creates a Django project directory structure for the given project name in
|
||
the current directory or the given destination.
|
||
|
||
By default, the new directory contains ``manage.py`` and a project package
|
||
(containing a ``settings.py`` and other files). See the `template source`_ for
|
||
details.
|
||
|
||
If only the project name is given, both the project directory and project
|
||
package will be named ``<projectname>`` and the project directory
|
||
will be created in the current working directory.
|
||
|
||
If the optional destination is provided, Django will use that existing
|
||
directory as the project directory, and create ``manage.py`` and the project
|
||
package within it. Use '.' to denote the current working directory.
|
||
|
||
For example::
|
||
|
||
django-admin startproject myproject /Users/jezdez/Code/myproject_repo
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --template TEMPLATE
|
||
|
||
Specifies a directory, file path, or URL of a custom project template. See the
|
||
:option:`startapp --template` documentation for examples and usage.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --extension EXTENSIONS, -e EXTENSIONS
|
||
|
||
Specifies which file extensions in the project template should be rendered with
|
||
the template engine. Defaults to ``py``.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --name FILES, -n FILES
|
||
|
||
Specifies which files in the project template (in addition to those matching
|
||
``--extension``) should be rendered with the template engine. Defaults to an
|
||
empty list.
|
||
|
||
The :class:`template context <django.template.Context>` used is:
|
||
|
||
- Any option passed to the ``startproject`` command (among the command's
|
||
supported options)
|
||
- ``project_name`` -- the project name as passed to the command
|
||
- ``project_directory`` -- the full path of the newly created project
|
||
- ``secret_key`` -- a random key for the :setting:`SECRET_KEY` setting
|
||
- ``docs_version`` -- the version of the documentation: ``'dev'`` or ``'1.x'``
|
||
|
||
Please also see the :ref:`rendering warning <render_warning>` as mentioned
|
||
for :djadmin:`startapp`.
|
||
|
||
.. _`template source`: https://github.com/django/django/tree/master/django/conf/project_template/
|
||
|
||
``test``
|
||
--------
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin:: test [test_label [test_label ...]]
|
||
|
||
Runs tests for all installed apps. See :doc:`/topics/testing/index` for more
|
||
information.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --failfast
|
||
|
||
Stops running tests and reports the failure immediately after a test fails.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --testrunner TESTRUNNER
|
||
|
||
Controls the test runner class that is used to execute tests. This value
|
||
overrides the value provided by the :setting:`TEST_RUNNER` setting.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --noinput, --no-input
|
||
|
||
Suppresses all user prompts. A typical prompt is a warning about deleting an
|
||
existing test database.
|
||
|
||
Test runner options
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
||
The ``test`` command receives options on behalf of the specified
|
||
:option:`--testrunner`. These are the options of the default test runner:
|
||
:class:`~django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner`.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --keepdb, -k
|
||
|
||
Preserves the test database between test runs. This has the advantage of
|
||
skipping both the create and destroy actions which can greatly decrease the
|
||
time to run tests, especially those in a large test suite. If the test database
|
||
does not exist, it will be created on the first run and then preserved for each
|
||
subsequent run. Any unapplied migrations will also be applied to the test
|
||
database before running the test suite.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --reverse, -r
|
||
|
||
Sorts test cases in the opposite execution order. This may help in debugging
|
||
the side effects of tests that aren't properly isolated. :ref:`Grouping by test
|
||
class <order-of-tests>` is preserved when using this option.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --debug-sql, -d
|
||
|
||
Enables :ref:`SQL logging <django-db-logger>` for failing tests. If
|
||
``--verbosity`` is ``2``, then queries in passing tests are also output.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --parallel [N]
|
||
|
||
Runs tests in separate parallel processes. Since modern processors have
|
||
multiple cores, this allows running tests significantly faster.
|
||
|
||
By default ``--parallel`` runs one process per core according to
|
||
:func:`multiprocessing.cpu_count()`. You can adjust the number of processes
|
||
either by providing it as the option's value, e.g. ``--parallel=4``, or by
|
||
setting the ``DJANGO_TEST_PROCESSES`` environment variable.
|
||
|
||
Django distributes test cases — :class:`unittest.TestCase` subclasses — to
|
||
subprocesses. If there are fewer test cases than configured processes, Django
|
||
will reduce the number of processes accordingly.
|
||
|
||
Each process gets its own database. You must ensure that different test cases
|
||
don't access the same resources. For instance, test cases that touch the
|
||
filesystem should create a temporary directory for their own use.
|
||
|
||
This option requires the third-party ``tblib`` package to display tracebacks
|
||
correctly:
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: console
|
||
|
||
$ pip install tblib
|
||
|
||
This feature isn't available on Windows. It doesn't work with the Oracle
|
||
database backend either.
|
||
|
||
If you want to use :mod:`pdb` while debugging tests, you must disable parallel
|
||
execution (``--parallel=1``). You'll see something like ``bdb.BdbQuit`` if you
|
||
don't.
|
||
|
||
.. warning::
|
||
|
||
When test parallelization is enabled and a test fails, Django may be
|
||
unable to display the exception traceback. This can make debugging
|
||
difficult. If you encounter this problem, run the affected test without
|
||
parallelization to see the traceback of the failure.
|
||
|
||
This is a known limitation. It arises from the need to serialize objects
|
||
in order to exchange them between processes. See
|
||
:ref:`python:pickle-picklable` for details.
|
||
|
||
.. option:: --tag TAGS
|
||
|
||
.. versionadded:: 1.10
|
||
|
||
Runs only tests :ref:`marked with the specified tags <topics-tagging-tests>`.
|
||
May be specified multiple times and combined with :option:`test --exclude-tag`.
|
||
|
||
.. option:: --exclude-tag EXCLUDE_TAGS
|
||
|
||
.. versionadded:: 1.10
|
||
|
||
Excludes tests :ref:`marked with the specified tags <topics-tagging-tests>`.
|
||
May be specified multiple times and combined with :option:`test --tag`.
|
||
|
||
``testserver``
|
||
--------------
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin:: testserver [fixture [fixture ...]]
|
||
|
||
Runs a Django development server (as in :djadmin:`runserver`) using data from
|
||
the given fixture(s).
|
||
|
||
For example, this command::
|
||
|
||
django-admin testserver mydata.json
|
||
|
||
...would perform the following steps:
|
||
|
||
1. Create a test database, as described in :ref:`the-test-database`.
|
||
2. Populate the test database with fixture data from the given fixtures.
|
||
(For more on fixtures, see the documentation for :djadmin:`loaddata` above.)
|
||
3. Runs the Django development server (as in :djadmin:`runserver`), pointed at
|
||
this newly created test database instead of your production database.
|
||
|
||
This is useful in a number of ways:
|
||
|
||
* When you're writing :doc:`unit tests </topics/testing/overview>` of how your views
|
||
act with certain fixture data, you can use ``testserver`` to interact with
|
||
the views in a Web browser, manually.
|
||
|
||
* Let's say you're developing your Django application and have a "pristine"
|
||
copy of a database that you'd like to interact with. You can dump your
|
||
database to a fixture (using the :djadmin:`dumpdata` command, explained
|
||
above), then use ``testserver`` to run your Web application with that data.
|
||
With this arrangement, you have the flexibility of messing up your data
|
||
in any way, knowing that whatever data changes you're making are only
|
||
being made to a test database.
|
||
|
||
Note that this server does *not* automatically detect changes to your Python
|
||
source code (as :djadmin:`runserver` does). It does, however, detect changes to
|
||
templates.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --addrport ADDRPORT
|
||
|
||
Specifies a different port, or IP address and port, from the default of
|
||
``127.0.0.1:8000``. This value follows exactly the same format and serves
|
||
exactly the same function as the argument to the :djadmin:`runserver` command.
|
||
|
||
Examples:
|
||
|
||
To run the test server on port 7000 with ``fixture1`` and ``fixture2``::
|
||
|
||
django-admin testserver --addrport 7000 fixture1 fixture2
|
||
django-admin testserver fixture1 fixture2 --addrport 7000
|
||
|
||
(The above statements are equivalent. We include both of them to demonstrate
|
||
that it doesn't matter whether the options come before or after the fixture
|
||
arguments.)
|
||
|
||
To run on 1.2.3.4:7000 with a ``test`` fixture::
|
||
|
||
django-admin testserver --addrport 1.2.3.4:7000 test
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --noinput, --no-input
|
||
|
||
Suppresses all user prompts. A typical prompt is a warning about deleting an
|
||
existing test database.
|
||
|
||
Commands provided by applications
|
||
=================================
|
||
|
||
Some commands are only available when the ``django.contrib`` application that
|
||
:doc:`implements </howto/custom-management-commands>` them has been
|
||
:setting:`enabled <INSTALLED_APPS>`. This section describes them grouped by
|
||
their application.
|
||
|
||
``django.contrib.auth``
|
||
-----------------------
|
||
|
||
``changepassword``
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin:: changepassword [<username>]
|
||
|
||
This command is only available if Django's :doc:`authentication system
|
||
</topics/auth/index>` (``django.contrib.auth``) is installed.
|
||
|
||
Allows changing a user's password. It prompts you to enter a new password twice
|
||
for the given user. If the entries are identical, this immediately becomes the
|
||
new password. If you do not supply a user, the command will attempt to change
|
||
the password whose username matches the current user.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --database DATABASE
|
||
|
||
Specifies the database to query for the user. Defaults to ``default``.
|
||
|
||
Example usage::
|
||
|
||
django-admin changepassword ringo
|
||
|
||
``createsuperuser``
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin:: createsuperuser
|
||
|
||
This command is only available if Django's :doc:`authentication system
|
||
</topics/auth/index>` (``django.contrib.auth``) is installed.
|
||
|
||
Creates a superuser account (a user who has all permissions). This is
|
||
useful if you need to create an initial superuser account or if you need to
|
||
programmatically generate superuser accounts for your site(s).
|
||
|
||
When run interactively, this command will prompt for a password for
|
||
the new superuser account. When run non-interactively, no password
|
||
will be set, and the superuser account will not be able to log in until
|
||
a password has been manually set for it.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --username USERNAME
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --email EMAIL
|
||
|
||
The username and email address for the new account can be supplied by
|
||
using the ``--username`` and ``--email`` arguments on the command
|
||
line. If either of those is not supplied, ``createsuperuser`` will prompt for
|
||
it when running interactively.
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --database DATABASE
|
||
|
||
Specifies the database into which the superuser object will be saved.
|
||
|
||
You can subclass the management command and override ``get_input_data()`` if you
|
||
want to customize data input and validation. Consult the source code for
|
||
details on the existing implementation and the method's parameters. For example,
|
||
it could be useful if you have a ``ForeignKey`` in
|
||
:attr:`~django.contrib.auth.models.CustomUser.REQUIRED_FIELDS` and want to
|
||
allow creating an instance instead of entering the primary key of an existing
|
||
instance.
|
||
|
||
``django.contrib.gis``
|
||
----------------------
|
||
|
||
``ogrinspect``
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
||
This command is only available if :doc:`GeoDjango </ref/contrib/gis/index>`
|
||
(``django.contrib.gis``) is installed.
|
||
|
||
Please refer to its :djadmin:`description <ogrinspect>` in the GeoDjango
|
||
documentation.
|
||
|
||
``django.contrib.sessions``
|
||
---------------------------
|
||
|
||
``clearsessions``
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin:: clearsessions
|
||
|
||
Can be run as a cron job or directly to clean out expired sessions.
|
||
|
||
``django.contrib.sitemaps``
|
||
---------------------------
|
||
|
||
``ping_google``
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
||
This command is only available if the :doc:`Sitemaps framework
|
||
</ref/contrib/sitemaps>` (``django.contrib.sitemaps``) is installed.
|
||
|
||
Please refer to its :djadmin:`description <ping_google>` in the Sitemaps
|
||
documentation.
|
||
|
||
``django.contrib.staticfiles``
|
||
------------------------------
|
||
|
||
``collectstatic``
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
||
This command is only available if the :doc:`static files application
|
||
</howto/static-files/index>` (``django.contrib.staticfiles``) is installed.
|
||
|
||
Please refer to its :djadmin:`description <collectstatic>` in the
|
||
:doc:`staticfiles </ref/contrib/staticfiles>` documentation.
|
||
|
||
``findstatic``
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
||
This command is only available if the :doc:`static files application
|
||
</howto/static-files/index>` (``django.contrib.staticfiles``) is installed.
|
||
|
||
Please refer to its :djadmin:`description <findstatic>` in the :doc:`staticfiles
|
||
</ref/contrib/staticfiles>` documentation.
|
||
|
||
Default options
|
||
===============
|
||
|
||
.. program:: None
|
||
|
||
Although some commands may allow their own custom options, every command
|
||
allows for the following options:
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --pythonpath PYTHONPATH
|
||
|
||
Adds the given filesystem path to the Python `import search path`_. If this
|
||
isn't provided, ``django-admin`` will use the ``PYTHONPATH`` environment
|
||
variable.
|
||
|
||
This option is unnecessary in ``manage.py``, because it takes care of setting
|
||
the Python path for you.
|
||
|
||
Example usage::
|
||
|
||
django-admin migrate --pythonpath='/home/djangoprojects/myproject'
|
||
|
||
.. _import search path: http://www.diveintopython.net/getting_to_know_python/everything_is_an_object.html
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --settings SETTINGS
|
||
|
||
Specifies the settings module to use. The settings module should be in Python
|
||
package syntax, e.g. ``mysite.settings``. If this isn't provided,
|
||
``django-admin`` will use the ``DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE`` environment variable.
|
||
|
||
This option is unnecessary in ``manage.py``, because it uses
|
||
``settings.py`` from the current project by default.
|
||
|
||
Example usage::
|
||
|
||
django-admin migrate --settings=mysite.settings
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --traceback
|
||
|
||
Displays a full stack trace when a :exc:`~django.core.management.CommandError`
|
||
is raised. By default, ``django-admin`` will show a simple error message when a
|
||
``CommandError`` occurs and a full stack trace for any other exception.
|
||
|
||
Example usage::
|
||
|
||
django-admin migrate --traceback
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --verbosity {0,1,2,3}, --v {0,1,2,3}
|
||
|
||
Specifies the amount of notification and debug information that a command
|
||
should print to the console.
|
||
|
||
* ``0`` means no output.
|
||
* ``1`` means normal output (default).
|
||
* ``2`` means verbose output.
|
||
* ``3`` means *very* verbose output.
|
||
|
||
Example usage::
|
||
|
||
django-admin migrate --verbosity 2
|
||
|
||
.. django-admin-option:: --no-color
|
||
|
||
Disables colorized command output. Some commands format their output to be
|
||
colorized. For example, errors will be printed to the console in red and SQL
|
||
statements will be syntax highlighted.
|
||
|
||
Example usage::
|
||
|
||
django-admin runserver --no-color
|
||
|
||
Extra niceties
|
||
==============
|
||
|
||
.. _syntax-coloring:
|
||
|
||
Syntax coloring
|
||
---------------
|
||
|
||
The ``django-admin`` / ``manage.py`` commands will use pretty
|
||
color-coded output if your terminal supports ANSI-colored output. It
|
||
won't use the color codes if you're piping the command's output to
|
||
another program.
|
||
|
||
Under Windows, the native console doesn't support ANSI escape sequences so by
|
||
default there is no color output. But you can install the `ANSICON`_
|
||
third-party tool, the Django commands will detect its presence and will make
|
||
use of its services to color output just like on Unix-based platforms.
|
||
|
||
The colors used for syntax highlighting can be customized. Django
|
||
ships with three color palettes:
|
||
|
||
* ``dark``, suited to terminals that show white text on a black
|
||
background. This is the default palette.
|
||
|
||
* ``light``, suited to terminals that show black text on a white
|
||
background.
|
||
|
||
* ``nocolor``, which disables syntax highlighting.
|
||
|
||
You select a palette by setting a ``DJANGO_COLORS`` environment
|
||
variable to specify the palette you want to use. For example, to
|
||
specify the ``light`` palette under a Unix or OS/X BASH shell, you
|
||
would run the following at a command prompt::
|
||
|
||
export DJANGO_COLORS="light"
|
||
|
||
You can also customize the colors that are used. Django specifies a
|
||
number of roles in which color is used:
|
||
|
||
* ``error`` - A major error.
|
||
* ``notice`` - A minor error.
|
||
* ``success`` - A success.
|
||
* ``warning`` - A warning.
|
||
* ``sql_field`` - The name of a model field in SQL.
|
||
* ``sql_coltype`` - The type of a model field in SQL.
|
||
* ``sql_keyword`` - An SQL keyword.
|
||
* ``sql_table`` - The name of a model in SQL.
|
||
* ``http_info`` - A 1XX HTTP Informational server response.
|
||
* ``http_success`` - A 2XX HTTP Success server response.
|
||
* ``http_not_modified`` - A 304 HTTP Not Modified server response.
|
||
* ``http_redirect`` - A 3XX HTTP Redirect server response other than 304.
|
||
* ``http_not_found`` - A 404 HTTP Not Found server response.
|
||
* ``http_bad_request`` - A 4XX HTTP Bad Request server response other than 404.
|
||
* ``http_server_error`` - A 5XX HTTP Server Error response.
|
||
* ``migrate_heading`` - A heading in a migrations management command.
|
||
* ``migrate_label`` - A migration name.
|
||
|
||
Each of these roles can be assigned a specific foreground and
|
||
background color, from the following list:
|
||
|
||
* ``black``
|
||
* ``red``
|
||
* ``green``
|
||
* ``yellow``
|
||
* ``blue``
|
||
* ``magenta``
|
||
* ``cyan``
|
||
* ``white``
|
||
|
||
Each of these colors can then be modified by using the following
|
||
display options:
|
||
|
||
* ``bold``
|
||
* ``underscore``
|
||
* ``blink``
|
||
* ``reverse``
|
||
* ``conceal``
|
||
|
||
A color specification follows one of the following patterns:
|
||
|
||
* ``role=fg``
|
||
* ``role=fg/bg``
|
||
* ``role=fg,option,option``
|
||
* ``role=fg/bg,option,option``
|
||
|
||
where ``role`` is the name of a valid color role, ``fg`` is the
|
||
foreground color, ``bg`` is the background color and each ``option``
|
||
is one of the color modifying options. Multiple color specifications
|
||
are then separated by a semicolon. For example::
|
||
|
||
export DJANGO_COLORS="error=yellow/blue,blink;notice=magenta"
|
||
|
||
would specify that errors be displayed using blinking yellow on blue,
|
||
and notices displayed using magenta. All other color roles would be
|
||
left uncolored.
|
||
|
||
Colors can also be specified by extending a base palette. If you put
|
||
a palette name in a color specification, all the colors implied by that
|
||
palette will be loaded. So::
|
||
|
||
export DJANGO_COLORS="light;error=yellow/blue,blink;notice=magenta"
|
||
|
||
would specify the use of all the colors in the light color palette,
|
||
*except* for the colors for errors and notices which would be
|
||
overridden as specified.
|
||
|
||
.. _ANSICON: http://adoxa.altervista.org/ansicon/
|
||
|
||
Bash completion
|
||
---------------
|
||
|
||
If you use the Bash shell, consider installing the Django bash completion
|
||
script, which lives in ``extras/django_bash_completion`` in the Django
|
||
distribution. It enables tab-completion of ``django-admin`` and
|
||
``manage.py`` commands, so you can, for instance...
|
||
|
||
* Type ``django-admin``.
|
||
* Press [TAB] to see all available options.
|
||
* Type ``sql``, then [TAB], to see all available options whose names start
|
||
with ``sql``.
|
||
|
||
See :doc:`/howto/custom-management-commands` for how to add customized actions.
|
||
|
||
==========================================
|
||
Running management commands from your code
|
||
==========================================
|
||
|
||
.. function:: django.core.management.call_command(name, *args, **options)
|
||
|
||
To call a management command from code use ``call_command``.
|
||
|
||
``name``
|
||
the name of the command to call or a command object. Passing the name is
|
||
preferred unless the object is required for testing.
|
||
|
||
``*args``
|
||
a list of arguments accepted by the command. Arguments are passed to the
|
||
argument parser, so you can use the same style as you would on the command
|
||
line. For example, ``call_command('flush', 'verbosity=0')``.
|
||
|
||
``**options``
|
||
named options accepted on the command-line. Options are passed to the command
|
||
without triggering the argument parser, which means you'll need to pass the
|
||
correct type. For example, ``call_command('flush', verbosity=0)`` (zero must
|
||
be an integer rather than a string).
|
||
|
||
Examples::
|
||
|
||
from django.core import management
|
||
from django.core.management.commands import loaddata
|
||
|
||
management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
|
||
management.call_command('loaddata', 'test_data', verbosity=0)
|
||
management.call_command(loaddata.Command(), 'test_data', verbosity=0)
|
||
|
||
Note that command options that take no arguments are passed as keywords
|
||
with ``True`` or ``False``, as you can see with the ``interactive`` option above.
|
||
|
||
Named arguments can be passed by using either one of the following syntaxes::
|
||
|
||
# Similar to the command line
|
||
management.call_command('dumpdata', '--natural-foreign')
|
||
|
||
# Named argument similar to the command line minus the initial dashes and
|
||
# with internal dashes replaced by underscores
|
||
management.call_command('dumpdata', natural_foreign=True)
|
||
|
||
# `use_natural_foreign_keys` is the option destination variable
|
||
management.call_command('dumpdata', use_natural_foreign_keys=True)
|
||
|
||
Command options which take multiple options are passed a list::
|
||
|
||
management.call_command('dumpdata', exclude=['contenttypes', 'auth'])
|
||
|
||
The return value of the ``call_command()`` function is the same as the return
|
||
value of the ``handle()`` method of the command.
|
||
|
||
.. versionchanged:: 1.10
|
||
|
||
``call_command()`` now returns the value received from the
|
||
``command.handle()`` method. It now also accepts a command object as the
|
||
first argument.
|
||
|
||
Output redirection
|
||
==================
|
||
|
||
Note that you can redirect standard output and error streams as all commands
|
||
support the ``stdout`` and ``stderr`` options. For example, you could write::
|
||
|
||
with open('/path/to/command_output') as f:
|
||
management.call_command('dumpdata', stdout=f)
|