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263 lines
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263 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
===============
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Committing code
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===============
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This section is addressed to the :doc:`/internals/committers` and to anyone
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interested in knowing how code gets committed into Django core. If you're a
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community member who wants to contribute code to Django, have a look at
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:doc:`writing-code/working-with-git` instead.
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Commit access
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-------------
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Django has two types of committers:
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Core committers
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These are people who have a long history of contributions to Django's
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codebase, a solid track record of being polite and helpful on the
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mailing lists, and a proven desire to dedicate serious time to Django's
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development. The bar is high for full commit access.
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Partial committers
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These are people who are "domain experts." They have direct check-in
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access to the subsystems that fall under their jurisdiction, and they're
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given a formal vote in questions that involve their subsystems. This type
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of access is likely to be given to someone who contributes a large
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sub-framework to Django and wants to continue to maintain it.
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Partial commit access is granted by the same process as full
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committers. However, the bar is set lower; proven expertise in the area
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in question is likely to be sufficient.
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Decisions on new committers will follow the process explained in
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:ref:`how-we-make-decisions`. To request commit access, please contact an
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existing committer privately. Public requests for commit access are potential
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flame-war starters, and will simply be ignored.
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Handling pull requests
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----------------------
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Since Django is now hosted at GitHub, many patches are provided in the form of
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pull requests.
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When committing a pull request, make sure each individual commit matches the
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commit guidelines described below. Contributors are expected to provide the
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best pull requests possible. In practice however, committers - who will likely
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be more familiar with the commit guidelines - may decide to bring a commit up
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to standard themselves.
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Here is one way to commit a pull request::
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# Create a new branch tracking upstream/master -- upstream is assumed
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# to be django/django.
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git checkout -b pull_xxxxx upstream/master
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# Download the patches from github and apply them.
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curl https://github.com/django/django/pull/xxxxx.patch | git am
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At this point, you can work on the code. Use ``git rebase -i`` and ``git
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commit --amend`` to make sure the commits have the expected level of quality.
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Once you're ready::
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# Make sure master is ready to receive changes.
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git checkout master
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git pull upstream master
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# Merge the work as "fast-forward" to master, to avoid a merge commit.
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git merge --ff-only pull_xxxxx
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# Check that only the changes you expect will be pushed to upstream.
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git push --dry-run upstream master
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# Push!
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git push upstream master
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# Get rid of the pull_xxxxx branch.
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git branch -d pull_xxxxx
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An alternative is to add the contributor's repository as a new remote,
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checkout the branch and work from there::
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git remote add <contributor> https://github.com/<contributor>/django.git
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git checkout pull_xxxxx <contributor> <contributor's pull request branch>
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Yet another alternative is to fetch the branch without adding the
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contributor's repository as a remote::
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git fetch https://github.com/<contributor>/django.git <contributor's pull request branch>
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git checkout -b pull_xxxxx FETCH_HEAD
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At this point, you can work on the code and continue as above.
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GitHub provides a one-click merge functionality for pull requests. This should
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only be used if the pull request is 100% ready, and you have checked it for
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errors (or trust the request maker enough to skip checks). Currently, it isn't
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possible to check that the tests pass and that the docs build without
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downloading the changes to your development environment.
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When rewriting the commit history of a pull request, the goal is to make
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Django's commit history as usable as possible:
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* If a patch contains back-and-forth commits, then rewrite those into one.
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Typically, a commit can add some code, and a second commit can fix
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stylistic issues introduced in the first commit.
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* Separate changes to different commits by logical grouping: if you do a
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stylistic cleanup at the same time as you do other changes to a file,
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separating the changes into two different commits will make reviewing
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history easier.
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* Beware of merges of upstream branches in the pull requests.
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* Tests should pass and docs should build after each commit. Neither the
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tests nor the docs should emit warnings.
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* Trivial and small patches usually are best done in one commit. Medium to
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large work should be split into multiple commits if possible.
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Practicality beats purity, so it is up to each committer to decide how much
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history mangling to do for a pull request. The main points are engaging the
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community, getting work done, and having a usable commit history.
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.. _committing-guidelines:
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Committing guidelines
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---------------------
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In addition, please follow the following guidelines when committing code to
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Django's Git repository:
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* Never change the published history of django/django branches! **Never force-
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push your changes to django/django.** If you absolutely must (for security
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reasons for example) first discuss the situation with the core team.
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* For any medium-to-big changes, where "medium-to-big" is according to
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your judgment, please bring things up on the `django-developers`_
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mailing list before making the change.
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If you bring something up on `django-developers`_ and nobody responds,
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please don't take that to mean your idea is great and should be
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implemented immediately because nobody contested it. Django's lead
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developers don't have a lot of time to read mailing-list discussions
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immediately, so you may have to wait a couple of days before getting a
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response.
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* Write detailed commit messages in the past tense, not present tense.
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* Good: "Fixed Unicode bug in RSS API."
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* Bad: "Fixes Unicode bug in RSS API."
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* Bad: "Fixing Unicode bug in RSS API."
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The commit message should be in lines of 72 chars maximum. There should be
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a subject line, separated by a blank line and then paragraphs of 72 char
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lines. The limits are soft. For the subject line, shorter is better. In the
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body of the commit message more detail is better than less::
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Fixed #18307 -- Added git workflow guidelines
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Refactored the Django's documentation to remove mentions of SVN
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specific tasks. Added guidelines of how to use Git, GitHub, and
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how to use pull request together with Trac instead.
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If the patch wasn't a pull request, you should credit the contributors in
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the commit message: "Thanks A for report, B for the patch and C for the
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review."
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* For commits to a branch, prefix the commit message with the branch name.
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For example: "[1.4.x] Fixed #xxxxx -- Added support for mind reading."
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* Limit commits to the most granular change that makes sense. This means,
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use frequent small commits rather than infrequent large commits. For
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example, if implementing feature X requires a small change to library Y,
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first commit the change to library Y, then commit feature X in a
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separate commit. This goes a *long way* in helping all core Django
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developers follow your changes.
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* Separate bug fixes from feature changes. Bugfixes may need to be backported
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to the stable branch, according to the :ref:`backwards-compatibility policy
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<backwards-compatibility-policy>`.
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* If your commit closes a ticket in the Django `ticket tracker`_, begin
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your commit message with the text "Fixed #xxxxx", where "xxxxx" is the
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number of the ticket your commit fixes. Example: "Fixed #123 -- Added
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whizbang feature.". We've rigged Trac so that any commit message in that
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format will automatically close the referenced ticket and post a comment
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to it with the full commit message.
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If your commit closes a ticket and is in a branch, use the branch name
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first, then the "Fixed #xxxxx." For example:
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"[1.4.x] Fixed #123 -- Added whizbang feature."
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For the curious, we're using a `Trac plugin`_ for this.
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.. note::
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Note that the Trac integration doesn't know anything about pull requests.
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So if you try to close a pull request with the phrase "closes #400" in your
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commit message, GitHub will close the pull request, but the Trac plugin
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will also close the same numbered ticket in Trac.
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.. _Trac plugin: https://github.com/aaugustin/trac-github
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* If your commit references a ticket in the Django `ticket tracker`_ but
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does *not* close the ticket, include the phrase "Refs #xxxxx", where "xxxxx"
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is the number of the ticket your commit references. This will automatically
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post a comment to the appropriate ticket.
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* Write commit messages for backports using this pattern::
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[<Django version>] Fixed <ticket> -- <description>
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Backport of <revision> from <branch>.
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For example::
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[1.3.x] Fixed #17028 - Changed diveintopython.org -> diveintopython.net.
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Backport of 80c0cbf1c97047daed2c5b41b296bbc56fe1d7e3 from master.
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Reverting commits
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-----------------
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Nobody's perfect; mistakes will be committed.
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But try very hard to ensure that mistakes don't happen. Just because we have a
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reversion policy doesn't relax your responsibility to aim for the highest
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quality possible. Really: double-check your work, or have it checked by
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another committer, **before** you commit it in the first place!
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When a mistaken commit is discovered, please follow these guidelines:
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* If possible, have the original author revert his/her own commit.
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* Don't revert another author's changes without permission from the
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original author.
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* Use git revert -- this will make a reverse commit, but the original
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commit will still be part of the commit history.
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* If the original author can't be reached (within a reasonable amount
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of time -- a day or so) and the problem is severe -- crashing bug,
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major test failures, etc -- then ask for objections on the
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`django-developers`_ mailing list then revert if there are none.
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* If the problem is small (a feature commit after feature freeze,
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say), wait it out.
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* If there's a disagreement between the committer and the
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reverter-to-be then try to work it out on the `django-developers`_
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mailing list. If an agreement can't be reached then it should
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be put to a vote.
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* If the commit introduced a confirmed, disclosed security
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vulnerability then the commit may be reverted immediately without
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permission from anyone.
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* The release branch maintainer may back out commits to the release
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branch without permission if the commit breaks the release branch.
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* If you mistakenly push a topic branch to django/django, just delete it.
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For instance, if you did: ``git push upstream feature_antigravity``,
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just do a reverse push: ``git push upstream :feature_antigravity``.
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.. _django-developers: http://groups.google.com/group/django-developers
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.. _ticket tracker: https://code.djangoproject.com/newticket
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