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1225 lines
49 KiB
Python
1225 lines
49 KiB
Python
import datetime
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from unittest import mock
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from django.contrib.postgres.indexes import OpClass
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from django.core.checks import Error
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from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
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from django.db import IntegrityError, connection, transaction
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from django.db.models import (
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CASCADE,
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CharField,
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CheckConstraint,
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DateField,
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Deferrable,
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F,
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ForeignKey,
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Func,
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IntegerField,
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Model,
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Q,
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UniqueConstraint,
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)
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from django.db.models.fields.json import KeyTextTransform
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from django.db.models.functions import Cast, Left, Lower
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from django.test import skipUnlessDBFeature
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from django.test.utils import isolate_apps
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from django.utils import timezone
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from . import PostgreSQLTestCase
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from .models import HotelReservation, IntegerArrayModel, RangesModel, Room, Scene
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try:
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from django.contrib.postgres.constraints import ExclusionConstraint
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from django.contrib.postgres.fields import (
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DateTimeRangeField,
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RangeBoundary,
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RangeOperators,
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)
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from django.db.backends.postgresql.psycopg_any import DateRange, NumericRange
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except ImportError:
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pass
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class SchemaTests(PostgreSQLTestCase):
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get_opclass_query = """
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SELECT opcname, c.relname FROM pg_opclass AS oc
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JOIN pg_index as i on oc.oid = ANY(i.indclass)
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JOIN pg_class as c on c.oid = i.indexrelid
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WHERE c.relname = %s
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"""
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def get_constraints(self, table):
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"""Get the constraints on the table using a new cursor."""
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with connection.cursor() as cursor:
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return connection.introspection.get_constraints(cursor, table)
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def test_check_constraint_range_value(self):
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constraint_name = "ints_between"
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self.assertNotIn(
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constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table)
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)
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constraint = CheckConstraint(
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condition=Q(ints__contained_by=NumericRange(10, 30)),
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name=constraint_name,
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)
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with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
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editor.add_constraint(RangesModel, constraint)
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self.assertIn(constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table))
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with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError), transaction.atomic():
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RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(20, 50))
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RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(10, 30))
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def test_check_constraint_array_contains(self):
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constraint = CheckConstraint(
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condition=Q(field__contains=[1]),
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name="array_contains",
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)
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msg = f"Constraint “{constraint.name}” is violated."
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with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValidationError, msg):
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constraint.validate(IntegerArrayModel, IntegerArrayModel())
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constraint.validate(IntegerArrayModel, IntegerArrayModel(field=[1]))
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def test_check_constraint_array_length(self):
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constraint = CheckConstraint(
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condition=Q(field__len=1),
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name="array_length",
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)
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msg = f"Constraint “{constraint.name}” is violated."
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with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValidationError, msg):
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constraint.validate(IntegerArrayModel, IntegerArrayModel())
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constraint.validate(IntegerArrayModel, IntegerArrayModel(field=[1]))
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def test_check_constraint_daterange_contains(self):
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constraint_name = "dates_contains"
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self.assertNotIn(
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constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table)
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)
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constraint = CheckConstraint(
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condition=Q(dates__contains=F("dates_inner")),
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name=constraint_name,
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)
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with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
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editor.add_constraint(RangesModel, constraint)
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self.assertIn(constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table))
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date_1 = datetime.date(2016, 1, 1)
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date_2 = datetime.date(2016, 1, 4)
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with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError), transaction.atomic():
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RangesModel.objects.create(
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dates=(date_1, date_2),
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dates_inner=(date_1, date_2.replace(day=5)),
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)
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RangesModel.objects.create(
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dates=(date_1, date_2),
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dates_inner=(date_1, date_2),
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)
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def test_check_constraint_datetimerange_contains(self):
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constraint_name = "timestamps_contains"
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self.assertNotIn(
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constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table)
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)
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constraint = CheckConstraint(
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condition=Q(timestamps__contains=F("timestamps_inner")),
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name=constraint_name,
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)
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with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
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editor.add_constraint(RangesModel, constraint)
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self.assertIn(constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table))
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datetime_1 = datetime.datetime(2016, 1, 1)
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datetime_2 = datetime.datetime(2016, 1, 2, 12)
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with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError), transaction.atomic():
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RangesModel.objects.create(
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timestamps=(datetime_1, datetime_2),
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timestamps_inner=(datetime_1, datetime_2.replace(hour=13)),
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)
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RangesModel.objects.create(
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timestamps=(datetime_1, datetime_2),
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timestamps_inner=(datetime_1, datetime_2),
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)
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def test_check_constraint_range_contains(self):
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constraint = CheckConstraint(
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condition=Q(ints__contains=(1, 5)),
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name="ints_contains",
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)
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msg = f"Constraint “{constraint.name}” is violated."
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with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValidationError, msg):
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constraint.validate(RangesModel, RangesModel(ints=(6, 10)))
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def test_check_constraint_range_lower_upper(self):
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constraint = CheckConstraint(
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condition=Q(ints__startswith__gte=0) & Q(ints__endswith__lte=99),
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name="ints_range_lower_upper",
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)
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msg = f"Constraint “{constraint.name}” is violated."
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with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValidationError, msg):
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constraint.validate(RangesModel, RangesModel(ints=(-1, 20)))
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with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValidationError, msg):
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constraint.validate(RangesModel, RangesModel(ints=(0, 100)))
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constraint.validate(RangesModel, RangesModel(ints=(0, 99)))
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def test_check_constraint_range_lower_with_nulls(self):
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constraint = CheckConstraint(
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condition=Q(ints__isnull=True) | Q(ints__startswith__gte=0),
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name="ints_optional_positive_range",
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)
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constraint.validate(RangesModel, RangesModel())
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constraint = CheckConstraint(
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condition=Q(ints__startswith__gte=0),
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name="ints_positive_range",
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)
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constraint.validate(RangesModel, RangesModel())
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def test_opclass(self):
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constraint = UniqueConstraint(
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name="test_opclass",
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fields=["scene"],
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opclasses=["varchar_pattern_ops"],
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)
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with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
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editor.add_constraint(Scene, constraint)
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self.assertIn(constraint.name, self.get_constraints(Scene._meta.db_table))
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with editor.connection.cursor() as cursor:
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cursor.execute(self.get_opclass_query, [constraint.name])
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self.assertEqual(
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cursor.fetchall(),
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[("varchar_pattern_ops", constraint.name)],
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)
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# Drop the constraint.
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with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
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editor.remove_constraint(Scene, constraint)
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self.assertNotIn(constraint.name, self.get_constraints(Scene._meta.db_table))
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def test_opclass_multiple_columns(self):
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constraint = UniqueConstraint(
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name="test_opclass_multiple",
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fields=["scene", "setting"],
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opclasses=["varchar_pattern_ops", "text_pattern_ops"],
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)
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with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
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editor.add_constraint(Scene, constraint)
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with editor.connection.cursor() as cursor:
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cursor.execute(self.get_opclass_query, [constraint.name])
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expected_opclasses = (
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("varchar_pattern_ops", constraint.name),
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("text_pattern_ops", constraint.name),
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)
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self.assertCountEqual(cursor.fetchall(), expected_opclasses)
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def test_opclass_partial(self):
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constraint = UniqueConstraint(
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name="test_opclass_partial",
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fields=["scene"],
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opclasses=["varchar_pattern_ops"],
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condition=Q(setting__contains="Sir Bedemir's Castle"),
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)
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with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
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editor.add_constraint(Scene, constraint)
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with editor.connection.cursor() as cursor:
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cursor.execute(self.get_opclass_query, [constraint.name])
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self.assertCountEqual(
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cursor.fetchall(),
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[("varchar_pattern_ops", constraint.name)],
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)
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@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_covering_indexes")
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def test_opclass_include(self):
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constraint = UniqueConstraint(
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name="test_opclass_include",
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fields=["scene"],
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opclasses=["varchar_pattern_ops"],
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include=["setting"],
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)
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with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
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editor.add_constraint(Scene, constraint)
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with editor.connection.cursor() as cursor:
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cursor.execute(self.get_opclass_query, [constraint.name])
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self.assertCountEqual(
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cursor.fetchall(),
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[("varchar_pattern_ops", constraint.name)],
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)
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@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_expression_indexes")
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def test_opclass_func(self):
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constraint = UniqueConstraint(
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OpClass(Lower("scene"), name="text_pattern_ops"),
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name="test_opclass_func",
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)
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with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
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editor.add_constraint(Scene, constraint)
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constraints = self.get_constraints(Scene._meta.db_table)
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self.assertIs(constraints[constraint.name]["unique"], True)
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self.assertIn(constraint.name, constraints)
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with editor.connection.cursor() as cursor:
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cursor.execute(self.get_opclass_query, [constraint.name])
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self.assertEqual(
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cursor.fetchall(),
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[("text_pattern_ops", constraint.name)],
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)
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Scene.objects.create(scene="Scene 10", setting="The dark forest of Ewing")
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with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError), transaction.atomic():
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Scene.objects.create(scene="ScEnE 10", setting="Sir Bedemir's Castle")
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Scene.objects.create(scene="Scene 5", setting="Sir Bedemir's Castle")
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# Drop the constraint.
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with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
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editor.remove_constraint(Scene, constraint)
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self.assertNotIn(constraint.name, self.get_constraints(Scene._meta.db_table))
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Scene.objects.create(scene="ScEnE 10", setting="Sir Bedemir's Castle")
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def test_opclass_func_validate_constraints(self):
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constraint_name = "test_opclass_func_validate_constraints"
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constraint = UniqueConstraint(
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OpClass(Lower("scene"), name="text_pattern_ops"),
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name="test_opclass_func_validate_constraints",
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)
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Scene.objects.create(scene="First scene")
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# Non-unique scene.
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msg = f"Constraint “{constraint_name}” is violated."
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with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValidationError, msg):
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constraint.validate(Scene, Scene(scene="first Scene"))
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constraint.validate(Scene, Scene(scene="second Scene"))
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class ExclusionConstraintTests(PostgreSQLTestCase):
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def get_constraints(self, table):
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"""Get the constraints on the table using a new cursor."""
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with connection.cursor() as cursor:
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return connection.introspection.get_constraints(cursor, table)
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def test_invalid_condition(self):
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msg = "ExclusionConstraint.condition must be a Q instance."
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with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
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ExclusionConstraint(
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index_type="GIST",
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name="exclude_invalid_condition",
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expressions=[(F("datespan"), RangeOperators.OVERLAPS)],
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condition=F("invalid"),
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)
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def test_invalid_index_type(self):
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msg = "Exclusion constraints only support GiST or SP-GiST indexes."
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with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
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ExclusionConstraint(
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index_type="gin",
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name="exclude_invalid_index_type",
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expressions=[(F("datespan"), RangeOperators.OVERLAPS)],
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)
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def test_invalid_expressions(self):
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msg = "The expressions must be a list of 2-tuples."
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for expressions in (["foo"], [("foo")], [("foo_1", "foo_2", "foo_3")]):
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with self.subTest(expressions), self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
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ExclusionConstraint(
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index_type="GIST",
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name="exclude_invalid_expressions",
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expressions=expressions,
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)
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def test_empty_expressions(self):
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msg = "At least one expression is required to define an exclusion constraint."
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for empty_expressions in (None, []):
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with (
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self.subTest(empty_expressions),
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self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg),
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):
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ExclusionConstraint(
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index_type="GIST",
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name="exclude_empty_expressions",
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expressions=empty_expressions,
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)
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def test_invalid_deferrable(self):
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msg = "ExclusionConstraint.deferrable must be a Deferrable instance."
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with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
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ExclusionConstraint(
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name="exclude_invalid_deferrable",
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expressions=[(F("datespan"), RangeOperators.OVERLAPS)],
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deferrable="invalid",
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)
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def test_invalid_include_type(self):
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msg = "ExclusionConstraint.include must be a list or tuple."
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with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
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ExclusionConstraint(
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name="exclude_invalid_include",
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expressions=[(F("datespan"), RangeOperators.OVERLAPS)],
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include="invalid",
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)
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@isolate_apps("postgres_tests")
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def test_check(self):
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class Author(Model):
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name = CharField(max_length=255)
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alias = CharField(max_length=255)
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class Meta:
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app_label = "postgres_tests"
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class Book(Model):
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title = CharField(max_length=255)
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published_date = DateField()
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author = ForeignKey(Author, CASCADE)
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class Meta:
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app_label = "postgres_tests"
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constraints = [
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ExclusionConstraint(
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name="exclude_check",
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expressions=[
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(F("title"), RangeOperators.EQUAL),
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(F("published_date__year"), RangeOperators.EQUAL),
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("published_date__month", RangeOperators.EQUAL),
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(F("author__name"), RangeOperators.EQUAL),
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("author__alias", RangeOperators.EQUAL),
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("nonexistent", RangeOperators.EQUAL),
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],
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)
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]
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self.assertCountEqual(
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Book.check(databases=self.databases),
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[
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Error(
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"'constraints' refers to the nonexistent field 'nonexistent'.",
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obj=Book,
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id="models.E012",
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),
|
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Error(
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"'constraints' refers to the joined field 'author__alias'.",
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obj=Book,
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id="models.E041",
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),
|
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Error(
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"'constraints' refers to the joined field 'author__name'.",
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obj=Book,
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id="models.E041",
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),
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],
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)
|
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|
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def test_repr(self):
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constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
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name="exclude_overlapping",
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expressions=[
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(F("datespan"), RangeOperators.OVERLAPS),
|
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(F("room"), RangeOperators.EQUAL),
|
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],
|
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)
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self.assertEqual(
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repr(constraint),
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"<ExclusionConstraint: index_type='GIST' expressions=["
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"(F(datespan), '&&'), (F(room), '=')] name='exclude_overlapping'>",
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)
|
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constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
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name="exclude_overlapping",
|
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expressions=[(F("datespan"), RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO)],
|
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condition=Q(cancelled=False),
|
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index_type="SPGiST",
|
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)
|
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self.assertEqual(
|
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repr(constraint),
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"<ExclusionConstraint: index_type='SPGiST' expressions=["
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"(F(datespan), '-|-')] name='exclude_overlapping' "
|
|
"condition=(AND: ('cancelled', False))>",
|
|
)
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="exclude_overlapping",
|
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expressions=[(F("datespan"), RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO)],
|
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deferrable=Deferrable.IMMEDIATE,
|
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)
|
|
self.assertEqual(
|
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repr(constraint),
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"<ExclusionConstraint: index_type='GIST' expressions=["
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"(F(datespan), '-|-')] name='exclude_overlapping' "
|
|
"deferrable=Deferrable.IMMEDIATE>",
|
|
)
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
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name="exclude_overlapping",
|
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expressions=[(F("datespan"), RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO)],
|
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include=["cancelled", "room"],
|
|
)
|
|
self.assertEqual(
|
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repr(constraint),
|
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"<ExclusionConstraint: index_type='GIST' expressions=["
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"(F(datespan), '-|-')] name='exclude_overlapping' "
|
|
"include=('cancelled', 'room')>",
|
|
)
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="exclude_overlapping",
|
|
expressions=[
|
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(OpClass("datespan", name="range_ops"), RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO),
|
|
],
|
|
)
|
|
self.assertEqual(
|
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repr(constraint),
|
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"<ExclusionConstraint: index_type='GIST' expressions=["
|
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"(OpClass(F(datespan), name=range_ops), '-|-')] "
|
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"name='exclude_overlapping'>",
|
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)
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
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name="exclude_overlapping",
|
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expressions=[(F("datespan"), RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO)],
|
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violation_error_message="Overlapping must be excluded",
|
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)
|
|
self.assertEqual(
|
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repr(constraint),
|
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"<ExclusionConstraint: index_type='GIST' expressions=["
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"(F(datespan), '-|-')] name='exclude_overlapping' "
|
|
"violation_error_message='Overlapping must be excluded'>",
|
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)
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
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name="exclude_overlapping",
|
|
expressions=[(F("datespan"), RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO)],
|
|
violation_error_code="overlapping_must_be_excluded",
|
|
)
|
|
self.assertEqual(
|
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repr(constraint),
|
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"<ExclusionConstraint: index_type='GIST' expressions=["
|
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"(F(datespan), '-|-')] name='exclude_overlapping' "
|
|
"violation_error_code='overlapping_must_be_excluded'>",
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def test_eq(self):
|
|
constraint_1 = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="exclude_overlapping",
|
|
expressions=[
|
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(F("datespan"), RangeOperators.OVERLAPS),
|
|
(F("room"), RangeOperators.EQUAL),
|
|
],
|
|
condition=Q(cancelled=False),
|
|
)
|
|
constraint_2 = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="exclude_overlapping",
|
|
expressions=[
|
|
("datespan", RangeOperators.OVERLAPS),
|
|
("room", RangeOperators.EQUAL),
|
|
],
|
|
)
|
|
constraint_3 = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="exclude_overlapping",
|
|
expressions=[("datespan", RangeOperators.OVERLAPS)],
|
|
condition=Q(cancelled=False),
|
|
)
|
|
constraint_4 = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="exclude_overlapping",
|
|
expressions=[
|
|
("datespan", RangeOperators.OVERLAPS),
|
|
("room", RangeOperators.EQUAL),
|
|
],
|
|
deferrable=Deferrable.DEFERRED,
|
|
)
|
|
constraint_5 = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="exclude_overlapping",
|
|
expressions=[
|
|
("datespan", RangeOperators.OVERLAPS),
|
|
("room", RangeOperators.EQUAL),
|
|
],
|
|
deferrable=Deferrable.IMMEDIATE,
|
|
)
|
|
constraint_6 = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="exclude_overlapping",
|
|
expressions=[
|
|
("datespan", RangeOperators.OVERLAPS),
|
|
("room", RangeOperators.EQUAL),
|
|
],
|
|
deferrable=Deferrable.IMMEDIATE,
|
|
include=["cancelled"],
|
|
)
|
|
constraint_7 = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="exclude_overlapping",
|
|
expressions=[
|
|
("datespan", RangeOperators.OVERLAPS),
|
|
("room", RangeOperators.EQUAL),
|
|
],
|
|
include=["cancelled"],
|
|
)
|
|
constraint_10 = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="exclude_overlapping",
|
|
expressions=[
|
|
(F("datespan"), RangeOperators.OVERLAPS),
|
|
(F("room"), RangeOperators.EQUAL),
|
|
],
|
|
condition=Q(cancelled=False),
|
|
violation_error_message="custom error",
|
|
)
|
|
constraint_11 = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="exclude_overlapping",
|
|
expressions=[
|
|
(F("datespan"), RangeOperators.OVERLAPS),
|
|
(F("room"), RangeOperators.EQUAL),
|
|
],
|
|
condition=Q(cancelled=False),
|
|
violation_error_message="other custom error",
|
|
)
|
|
constraint_12 = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="exclude_overlapping",
|
|
expressions=[
|
|
(F("datespan"), RangeOperators.OVERLAPS),
|
|
(F("room"), RangeOperators.EQUAL),
|
|
],
|
|
condition=Q(cancelled=False),
|
|
violation_error_code="custom_code",
|
|
violation_error_message="other custom error",
|
|
)
|
|
self.assertEqual(constraint_1, constraint_1)
|
|
self.assertEqual(constraint_1, mock.ANY)
|
|
self.assertNotEqual(constraint_1, constraint_2)
|
|
self.assertNotEqual(constraint_1, constraint_3)
|
|
self.assertNotEqual(constraint_1, constraint_4)
|
|
self.assertNotEqual(constraint_1, constraint_10)
|
|
self.assertNotEqual(constraint_2, constraint_3)
|
|
self.assertNotEqual(constraint_2, constraint_4)
|
|
self.assertNotEqual(constraint_2, constraint_7)
|
|
self.assertNotEqual(constraint_4, constraint_5)
|
|
self.assertNotEqual(constraint_5, constraint_6)
|
|
self.assertNotEqual(constraint_1, object())
|
|
self.assertNotEqual(constraint_10, constraint_11)
|
|
self.assertNotEqual(constraint_11, constraint_12)
|
|
self.assertEqual(constraint_10, constraint_10)
|
|
self.assertEqual(constraint_12, constraint_12)
|
|
|
|
def test_deconstruct(self):
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="exclude_overlapping",
|
|
expressions=[
|
|
("datespan", RangeOperators.OVERLAPS),
|
|
("room", RangeOperators.EQUAL),
|
|
],
|
|
)
|
|
path, args, kwargs = constraint.deconstruct()
|
|
self.assertEqual(
|
|
path, "django.contrib.postgres.constraints.ExclusionConstraint"
|
|
)
|
|
self.assertEqual(args, ())
|
|
self.assertEqual(
|
|
kwargs,
|
|
{
|
|
"name": "exclude_overlapping",
|
|
"expressions": [
|
|
("datespan", RangeOperators.OVERLAPS),
|
|
("room", RangeOperators.EQUAL),
|
|
],
|
|
},
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def test_deconstruct_index_type(self):
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="exclude_overlapping",
|
|
index_type="SPGIST",
|
|
expressions=[
|
|
("datespan", RangeOperators.OVERLAPS),
|
|
("room", RangeOperators.EQUAL),
|
|
],
|
|
)
|
|
path, args, kwargs = constraint.deconstruct()
|
|
self.assertEqual(
|
|
path, "django.contrib.postgres.constraints.ExclusionConstraint"
|
|
)
|
|
self.assertEqual(args, ())
|
|
self.assertEqual(
|
|
kwargs,
|
|
{
|
|
"name": "exclude_overlapping",
|
|
"index_type": "SPGIST",
|
|
"expressions": [
|
|
("datespan", RangeOperators.OVERLAPS),
|
|
("room", RangeOperators.EQUAL),
|
|
],
|
|
},
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def test_deconstruct_condition(self):
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="exclude_overlapping",
|
|
expressions=[
|
|
("datespan", RangeOperators.OVERLAPS),
|
|
("room", RangeOperators.EQUAL),
|
|
],
|
|
condition=Q(cancelled=False),
|
|
)
|
|
path, args, kwargs = constraint.deconstruct()
|
|
self.assertEqual(
|
|
path, "django.contrib.postgres.constraints.ExclusionConstraint"
|
|
)
|
|
self.assertEqual(args, ())
|
|
self.assertEqual(
|
|
kwargs,
|
|
{
|
|
"name": "exclude_overlapping",
|
|
"expressions": [
|
|
("datespan", RangeOperators.OVERLAPS),
|
|
("room", RangeOperators.EQUAL),
|
|
],
|
|
"condition": Q(cancelled=False),
|
|
},
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def test_deconstruct_deferrable(self):
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="exclude_overlapping",
|
|
expressions=[("datespan", RangeOperators.OVERLAPS)],
|
|
deferrable=Deferrable.DEFERRED,
|
|
)
|
|
path, args, kwargs = constraint.deconstruct()
|
|
self.assertEqual(
|
|
path, "django.contrib.postgres.constraints.ExclusionConstraint"
|
|
)
|
|
self.assertEqual(args, ())
|
|
self.assertEqual(
|
|
kwargs,
|
|
{
|
|
"name": "exclude_overlapping",
|
|
"expressions": [("datespan", RangeOperators.OVERLAPS)],
|
|
"deferrable": Deferrable.DEFERRED,
|
|
},
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def test_deconstruct_include(self):
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="exclude_overlapping",
|
|
expressions=[("datespan", RangeOperators.OVERLAPS)],
|
|
include=["cancelled", "room"],
|
|
)
|
|
path, args, kwargs = constraint.deconstruct()
|
|
self.assertEqual(
|
|
path, "django.contrib.postgres.constraints.ExclusionConstraint"
|
|
)
|
|
self.assertEqual(args, ())
|
|
self.assertEqual(
|
|
kwargs,
|
|
{
|
|
"name": "exclude_overlapping",
|
|
"expressions": [("datespan", RangeOperators.OVERLAPS)],
|
|
"include": ("cancelled", "room"),
|
|
},
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def _test_range_overlaps(self, constraint):
|
|
# Create exclusion constraint.
|
|
self.assertNotIn(
|
|
constraint.name, self.get_constraints(HotelReservation._meta.db_table)
|
|
)
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.add_constraint(HotelReservation, constraint)
|
|
self.assertIn(
|
|
constraint.name, self.get_constraints(HotelReservation._meta.db_table)
|
|
)
|
|
# Add initial reservations.
|
|
room101 = Room.objects.create(number=101)
|
|
room102 = Room.objects.create(number=102)
|
|
datetimes = [
|
|
timezone.datetime(2018, 6, 20),
|
|
timezone.datetime(2018, 6, 24),
|
|
timezone.datetime(2018, 6, 26),
|
|
timezone.datetime(2018, 6, 28),
|
|
timezone.datetime(2018, 6, 29),
|
|
]
|
|
reservation = HotelReservation.objects.create(
|
|
datespan=DateRange(datetimes[0].date(), datetimes[1].date()),
|
|
start=datetimes[0],
|
|
end=datetimes[1],
|
|
room=room102,
|
|
)
|
|
constraint.validate(HotelReservation, reservation)
|
|
HotelReservation.objects.create(
|
|
datespan=DateRange(datetimes[1].date(), datetimes[3].date()),
|
|
start=datetimes[1],
|
|
end=datetimes[3],
|
|
room=room102,
|
|
)
|
|
HotelReservation.objects.create(
|
|
datespan=DateRange(datetimes[3].date(), datetimes[4].date()),
|
|
start=datetimes[3],
|
|
end=datetimes[4],
|
|
room=room102,
|
|
cancelled=True,
|
|
)
|
|
# Overlap dates.
|
|
with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError), transaction.atomic():
|
|
reservation = HotelReservation(
|
|
datespan=(datetimes[1].date(), datetimes[2].date()),
|
|
start=datetimes[1],
|
|
end=datetimes[2],
|
|
room=room102,
|
|
)
|
|
msg = f"Constraint “{constraint.name}” is violated."
|
|
with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValidationError, msg):
|
|
constraint.validate(HotelReservation, reservation)
|
|
reservation.save()
|
|
# Valid range.
|
|
other_valid_reservations = [
|
|
# Other room.
|
|
HotelReservation(
|
|
datespan=(datetimes[1].date(), datetimes[2].date()),
|
|
start=datetimes[1],
|
|
end=datetimes[2],
|
|
room=room101,
|
|
),
|
|
# Cancelled reservation.
|
|
HotelReservation(
|
|
datespan=(datetimes[1].date(), datetimes[1].date()),
|
|
start=datetimes[1],
|
|
end=datetimes[2],
|
|
room=room102,
|
|
cancelled=True,
|
|
),
|
|
# Other adjacent dates.
|
|
HotelReservation(
|
|
datespan=(datetimes[3].date(), datetimes[4].date()),
|
|
start=datetimes[3],
|
|
end=datetimes[4],
|
|
room=room102,
|
|
),
|
|
]
|
|
for reservation in other_valid_reservations:
|
|
constraint.validate(HotelReservation, reservation)
|
|
HotelReservation.objects.bulk_create(other_valid_reservations)
|
|
# Excluded fields.
|
|
constraint.validate(
|
|
HotelReservation,
|
|
HotelReservation(
|
|
datespan=(datetimes[1].date(), datetimes[2].date()),
|
|
start=datetimes[1],
|
|
end=datetimes[2],
|
|
room=room102,
|
|
),
|
|
exclude={"room"},
|
|
)
|
|
constraint.validate(
|
|
HotelReservation,
|
|
HotelReservation(
|
|
datespan=(datetimes[1].date(), datetimes[2].date()),
|
|
start=datetimes[1],
|
|
end=datetimes[2],
|
|
room=room102,
|
|
),
|
|
exclude={"datespan", "start", "end", "room"},
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def test_range_overlaps_custom(self):
|
|
class TsTzRange(Func):
|
|
function = "TSTZRANGE"
|
|
output_field = DateTimeRangeField()
|
|
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="exclude_overlapping_reservations_custom_opclass",
|
|
expressions=[
|
|
(
|
|
OpClass(TsTzRange("start", "end", RangeBoundary()), "range_ops"),
|
|
RangeOperators.OVERLAPS,
|
|
),
|
|
(OpClass("room", "gist_int4_ops"), RangeOperators.EQUAL),
|
|
],
|
|
condition=Q(cancelled=False),
|
|
)
|
|
self._test_range_overlaps(constraint)
|
|
|
|
def test_range_overlaps(self):
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="exclude_overlapping_reservations",
|
|
expressions=[
|
|
(F("datespan"), RangeOperators.OVERLAPS),
|
|
("room", RangeOperators.EQUAL),
|
|
],
|
|
condition=Q(cancelled=False),
|
|
)
|
|
self._test_range_overlaps(constraint)
|
|
|
|
def test_range_adjacent(self):
|
|
constraint_name = "ints_adjacent"
|
|
self.assertNotIn(
|
|
constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table)
|
|
)
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name=constraint_name,
|
|
expressions=[("ints", RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO)],
|
|
)
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.add_constraint(RangesModel, constraint)
|
|
self.assertIn(constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table))
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(20, 50))
|
|
with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError), transaction.atomic():
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(10, 20))
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(10, 19))
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(51, 60))
|
|
# Drop the constraint.
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.remove_constraint(RangesModel, constraint)
|
|
self.assertNotIn(
|
|
constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table)
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def test_validate_range_adjacent(self):
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="ints_adjacent",
|
|
expressions=[("ints", RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO)],
|
|
violation_error_code="custom_code",
|
|
violation_error_message="Custom error message.",
|
|
)
|
|
range_obj = RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(20, 50))
|
|
constraint.validate(RangesModel, range_obj)
|
|
msg = "Custom error message."
|
|
with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValidationError, msg) as cm:
|
|
constraint.validate(RangesModel, RangesModel(ints=(10, 20)))
|
|
self.assertEqual(cm.exception.code, "custom_code")
|
|
constraint.validate(RangesModel, RangesModel(ints=(10, 19)))
|
|
constraint.validate(RangesModel, RangesModel(ints=(51, 60)))
|
|
constraint.validate(RangesModel, RangesModel(ints=(10, 20)), exclude={"ints"})
|
|
|
|
def test_validate_with_custom_code_and_condition(self):
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="ints_adjacent",
|
|
expressions=[("ints", RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO)],
|
|
violation_error_code="custom_code",
|
|
condition=Q(ints__lt=(100, 200)),
|
|
)
|
|
range_obj = RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(20, 50))
|
|
constraint.validate(RangesModel, range_obj)
|
|
with self.assertRaises(ValidationError) as cm:
|
|
constraint.validate(RangesModel, RangesModel(ints=(10, 20)))
|
|
self.assertEqual(cm.exception.code, "custom_code")
|
|
|
|
def test_expressions_with_params(self):
|
|
constraint_name = "scene_left_equal"
|
|
self.assertNotIn(constraint_name, self.get_constraints(Scene._meta.db_table))
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name=constraint_name,
|
|
expressions=[(Left("scene", 4), RangeOperators.EQUAL)],
|
|
)
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.add_constraint(Scene, constraint)
|
|
self.assertIn(constraint_name, self.get_constraints(Scene._meta.db_table))
|
|
|
|
def test_expressions_with_key_transform(self):
|
|
constraint_name = "exclude_overlapping_reservations_smoking"
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name=constraint_name,
|
|
expressions=[
|
|
(F("datespan"), RangeOperators.OVERLAPS),
|
|
(KeyTextTransform("smoking", "requirements"), RangeOperators.EQUAL),
|
|
],
|
|
)
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.add_constraint(HotelReservation, constraint)
|
|
self.assertIn(
|
|
constraint_name,
|
|
self.get_constraints(HotelReservation._meta.db_table),
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def test_index_transform(self):
|
|
constraint_name = "first_index_equal"
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name=constraint_name,
|
|
expressions=[("field__0", RangeOperators.EQUAL)],
|
|
)
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.add_constraint(IntegerArrayModel, constraint)
|
|
self.assertIn(
|
|
constraint_name,
|
|
self.get_constraints(IntegerArrayModel._meta.db_table),
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def test_range_adjacent_initially_deferred(self):
|
|
constraint_name = "ints_adjacent_deferred"
|
|
self.assertNotIn(
|
|
constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table)
|
|
)
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name=constraint_name,
|
|
expressions=[("ints", RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO)],
|
|
deferrable=Deferrable.DEFERRED,
|
|
)
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.add_constraint(RangesModel, constraint)
|
|
self.assertIn(constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table))
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(20, 50))
|
|
adjacent_range = RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(10, 20))
|
|
# Constraint behavior can be changed with SET CONSTRAINTS.
|
|
with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError):
|
|
with transaction.atomic(), connection.cursor() as cursor:
|
|
quoted_name = connection.ops.quote_name(constraint_name)
|
|
cursor.execute("SET CONSTRAINTS %s IMMEDIATE" % quoted_name)
|
|
# Remove adjacent range before the end of transaction.
|
|
adjacent_range.delete()
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(10, 19))
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(51, 60))
|
|
|
|
def test_range_adjacent_initially_deferred_with_condition(self):
|
|
constraint_name = "ints_adjacent_deferred_with_condition"
|
|
self.assertNotIn(
|
|
constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table)
|
|
)
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name=constraint_name,
|
|
expressions=[("ints", RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO)],
|
|
condition=Q(ints__lt=(100, 200)),
|
|
deferrable=Deferrable.DEFERRED,
|
|
)
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.add_constraint(RangesModel, constraint)
|
|
self.assertIn(constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table))
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(20, 50))
|
|
adjacent_range = RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(10, 20))
|
|
# Constraint behavior can be changed with SET CONSTRAINTS.
|
|
with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError):
|
|
with transaction.atomic(), connection.cursor() as cursor:
|
|
quoted_name = connection.ops.quote_name(constraint_name)
|
|
cursor.execute(f"SET CONSTRAINTS {quoted_name} IMMEDIATE")
|
|
# Remove adjacent range before the end of transaction.
|
|
adjacent_range.delete()
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(10, 19))
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(51, 60))
|
|
# Add adjacent range that doesn't match the condition.
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(200, 500))
|
|
adjacent_range = RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(100, 200))
|
|
# Constraint behavior can be changed with SET CONSTRAINTS.
|
|
with transaction.atomic(), connection.cursor() as cursor:
|
|
quoted_name = connection.ops.quote_name(constraint_name)
|
|
cursor.execute(f"SET CONSTRAINTS {quoted_name} IMMEDIATE")
|
|
|
|
def test_range_adjacent_gist_include(self):
|
|
constraint_name = "ints_adjacent_gist_include"
|
|
self.assertNotIn(
|
|
constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table)
|
|
)
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name=constraint_name,
|
|
expressions=[("ints", RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO)],
|
|
index_type="gist",
|
|
include=["decimals", "ints"],
|
|
)
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.add_constraint(RangesModel, constraint)
|
|
self.assertIn(constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table))
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(20, 50))
|
|
with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError), transaction.atomic():
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(10, 20))
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(10, 19))
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(51, 60))
|
|
|
|
def test_range_adjacent_spgist_include(self):
|
|
constraint_name = "ints_adjacent_spgist_include"
|
|
self.assertNotIn(
|
|
constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table)
|
|
)
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name=constraint_name,
|
|
expressions=[("ints", RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO)],
|
|
index_type="spgist",
|
|
include=["decimals", "ints"],
|
|
)
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.add_constraint(RangesModel, constraint)
|
|
self.assertIn(constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table))
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(20, 50))
|
|
with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError), transaction.atomic():
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(10, 20))
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(10, 19))
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(51, 60))
|
|
|
|
def test_range_adjacent_gist_include_condition(self):
|
|
constraint_name = "ints_adjacent_gist_include_condition"
|
|
self.assertNotIn(
|
|
constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table)
|
|
)
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name=constraint_name,
|
|
expressions=[("ints", RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO)],
|
|
index_type="gist",
|
|
include=["decimals"],
|
|
condition=Q(id__gte=100),
|
|
)
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.add_constraint(RangesModel, constraint)
|
|
self.assertIn(constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table))
|
|
|
|
def test_range_adjacent_spgist_include_condition(self):
|
|
constraint_name = "ints_adjacent_spgist_include_condition"
|
|
self.assertNotIn(
|
|
constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table)
|
|
)
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name=constraint_name,
|
|
expressions=[("ints", RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO)],
|
|
index_type="spgist",
|
|
include=["decimals"],
|
|
condition=Q(id__gte=100),
|
|
)
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.add_constraint(RangesModel, constraint)
|
|
self.assertIn(constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table))
|
|
|
|
def test_range_adjacent_gist_include_deferrable(self):
|
|
constraint_name = "ints_adjacent_gist_include_deferrable"
|
|
self.assertNotIn(
|
|
constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table)
|
|
)
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name=constraint_name,
|
|
expressions=[("ints", RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO)],
|
|
index_type="gist",
|
|
include=["decimals"],
|
|
deferrable=Deferrable.DEFERRED,
|
|
)
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.add_constraint(RangesModel, constraint)
|
|
self.assertIn(constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table))
|
|
|
|
def test_range_adjacent_spgist_include_deferrable(self):
|
|
constraint_name = "ints_adjacent_spgist_include_deferrable"
|
|
self.assertNotIn(
|
|
constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table)
|
|
)
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name=constraint_name,
|
|
expressions=[("ints", RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO)],
|
|
index_type="spgist",
|
|
include=["decimals"],
|
|
deferrable=Deferrable.DEFERRED,
|
|
)
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.add_constraint(RangesModel, constraint)
|
|
self.assertIn(constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table))
|
|
|
|
def test_range_adjacent_opclass(self):
|
|
constraint_name = "ints_adjacent_opclass"
|
|
self.assertNotIn(
|
|
constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table)
|
|
)
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name=constraint_name,
|
|
expressions=[
|
|
(OpClass("ints", name="range_ops"), RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO),
|
|
],
|
|
)
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.add_constraint(RangesModel, constraint)
|
|
constraints = self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table)
|
|
self.assertIn(constraint_name, constraints)
|
|
with editor.connection.cursor() as cursor:
|
|
cursor.execute(SchemaTests.get_opclass_query, [constraint_name])
|
|
self.assertEqual(
|
|
cursor.fetchall(),
|
|
[("range_ops", constraint_name)],
|
|
)
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(20, 50))
|
|
with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError), transaction.atomic():
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(10, 20))
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(10, 19))
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create(ints=(51, 60))
|
|
# Drop the constraint.
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.remove_constraint(RangesModel, constraint)
|
|
self.assertNotIn(
|
|
constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table)
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def test_range_adjacent_opclass_condition(self):
|
|
constraint_name = "ints_adjacent_opclass_condition"
|
|
self.assertNotIn(
|
|
constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table)
|
|
)
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name=constraint_name,
|
|
expressions=[
|
|
(OpClass("ints", name="range_ops"), RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO),
|
|
],
|
|
condition=Q(id__gte=100),
|
|
)
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.add_constraint(RangesModel, constraint)
|
|
self.assertIn(constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table))
|
|
|
|
def test_range_adjacent_opclass_deferrable(self):
|
|
constraint_name = "ints_adjacent_opclass_deferrable"
|
|
self.assertNotIn(
|
|
constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table)
|
|
)
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name=constraint_name,
|
|
expressions=[
|
|
(OpClass("ints", name="range_ops"), RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO),
|
|
],
|
|
deferrable=Deferrable.DEFERRED,
|
|
)
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.add_constraint(RangesModel, constraint)
|
|
self.assertIn(constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table))
|
|
|
|
def test_range_adjacent_gist_opclass_include(self):
|
|
constraint_name = "ints_adjacent_gist_opclass_include"
|
|
self.assertNotIn(
|
|
constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table)
|
|
)
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name=constraint_name,
|
|
expressions=[
|
|
(OpClass("ints", name="range_ops"), RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO),
|
|
],
|
|
index_type="gist",
|
|
include=["decimals"],
|
|
)
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.add_constraint(RangesModel, constraint)
|
|
self.assertIn(constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table))
|
|
|
|
def test_range_adjacent_spgist_opclass_include(self):
|
|
constraint_name = "ints_adjacent_spgist_opclass_include"
|
|
self.assertNotIn(
|
|
constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table)
|
|
)
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name=constraint_name,
|
|
expressions=[
|
|
(OpClass("ints", name="range_ops"), RangeOperators.ADJACENT_TO),
|
|
],
|
|
index_type="spgist",
|
|
include=["decimals"],
|
|
)
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.add_constraint(RangesModel, constraint)
|
|
self.assertIn(constraint_name, self.get_constraints(RangesModel._meta.db_table))
|
|
|
|
def test_range_equal_cast(self):
|
|
constraint_name = "exclusion_equal_room_cast"
|
|
self.assertNotIn(constraint_name, self.get_constraints(Room._meta.db_table))
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name=constraint_name,
|
|
expressions=[(Cast("number", IntegerField()), RangeOperators.EQUAL)],
|
|
)
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.add_constraint(Room, constraint)
|
|
self.assertIn(constraint_name, self.get_constraints(Room._meta.db_table))
|
|
|
|
@isolate_apps("postgres_tests")
|
|
def test_table_create(self):
|
|
constraint_name = "exclusion_equal_number_tc"
|
|
|
|
class ModelWithExclusionConstraint(Model):
|
|
number = IntegerField()
|
|
|
|
class Meta:
|
|
app_label = "postgres_tests"
|
|
constraints = [
|
|
ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name=constraint_name,
|
|
expressions=[("number", RangeOperators.EQUAL)],
|
|
)
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
|
|
editor.create_model(ModelWithExclusionConstraint)
|
|
self.assertIn(
|
|
constraint_name,
|
|
self.get_constraints(ModelWithExclusionConstraint._meta.db_table),
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def test_database_default(self):
|
|
constraint = ExclusionConstraint(
|
|
name="ints_equal", expressions=[("ints", RangeOperators.EQUAL)]
|
|
)
|
|
RangesModel.objects.create()
|
|
msg = "Constraint “ints_equal” is violated."
|
|
with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValidationError, msg):
|
|
constraint.validate(RangesModel, RangesModel())
|