mirror of
https://github.com/django/django.git
synced 2024-12-26 02:56:25 +00:00
176 lines
6.6 KiB
Plaintext
176 lines
6.6 KiB
Plaintext
.. _postgis:
|
|
|
|
==================
|
|
Installing PostGIS
|
|
==================
|
|
|
|
`PostGIS`__ adds geographic object support to PostgreSQL, turning it
|
|
into a spatial database. :ref:`geosbuild`, :ref:`proj4` and
|
|
:ref:`gdalbuild` should be installed prior to building PostGIS. You
|
|
might also need additional libraries, see `PostGIS requirements`_.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
The `psycopg2`_ module is required for use as the database adaptor
|
|
when using GeoDjango with PostGIS.
|
|
|
|
.. _psycopg2: http://initd.org/psycopg/
|
|
.. _PostGIS requirements: http://www.postgis.org/documentation/manual-2.0/postgis_installation.html#id554707
|
|
|
|
On Debian/Ubuntu, you are advised to install the following packages:
|
|
postgresql-x.x, postgresql-x.x-postgis, postgresql-server-dev-x.x,
|
|
python-psycopg2 (x.x matching the PostgreSQL version you want to install).
|
|
Please also consult platform-specific instructions if you are on :ref:`macosx`
|
|
or :ref:`windows`.
|
|
|
|
Building from source
|
|
====================
|
|
|
|
First download the source archive, and extract::
|
|
|
|
$ wget http://download.osgeo.org/postgis/source/postgis-2.0.3.tar.gz
|
|
$ tar xzf postgis-2.0.3.tar.gz
|
|
$ cd postgis-2.0.3
|
|
|
|
Next, configure, make and install PostGIS::
|
|
|
|
$ ./configure
|
|
|
|
Finally, make and install::
|
|
|
|
$ make
|
|
$ sudo make install
|
|
$ cd ..
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
GeoDjango does not automatically create a spatial database. Please consult
|
|
the section on :ref:`spatialdb_template91` or
|
|
:ref:`spatialdb_template_earlier` for more information.
|
|
|
|
__ http://postgis.refractions.net/
|
|
|
|
Post-installation
|
|
=================
|
|
|
|
.. _spatialdb_template:
|
|
.. _spatialdb_template91:
|
|
|
|
Creating a spatial database with PostGIS 2.0 and PostgreSQL 9.1+
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
PostGIS 2 includes an extension for Postgres 9.1+ that can be used to enable
|
|
spatial functionality::
|
|
|
|
$ createdb <db name>
|
|
$ psql <db name>
|
|
> CREATE EXTENSION postgis;
|
|
> CREATE EXTENSION postgis_topology;
|
|
|
|
No PostGIS topology functionalities are yet available from GeoDjango, so the
|
|
creation of the ``postgis_topology`` extension is entirely optional.
|
|
|
|
.. _spatialdb_template_earlier:
|
|
|
|
Creating a spatial database template for earlier versions
|
|
---------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
If you have an earlier version of PostGIS or PostgreSQL, the CREATE
|
|
EXTENSION isn't available and you need to create the spatial database
|
|
using the following instructions.
|
|
|
|
Creating a spatial database with PostGIS is different than normal because
|
|
additional SQL must be loaded to enable spatial functionality. Because of
|
|
the steps in this process, it's better to create a database template that
|
|
can be reused later.
|
|
|
|
First, you need to be able to execute the commands as a privileged database
|
|
user. For example, you can use the following to become the ``postgres`` user::
|
|
|
|
$ sudo su - postgres
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
The location *and* name of the PostGIS SQL files (e.g., from
|
|
``POSTGIS_SQL_PATH`` below) depends on the version of PostGIS.
|
|
PostGIS versions 1.3 and below use ``<pg_sharedir>/contrib/lwpostgis.sql``;
|
|
whereas version 1.4 uses ``<sharedir>/contrib/postgis.sql`` and
|
|
version 1.5 uses ``<sharedir>/contrib/postgis-1.5/postgis.sql``.
|
|
|
|
To complicate matters, Debian/Ubuntu distributions have their own separate
|
|
directory naming system that might change with time. In this case, use the
|
|
:download:`create_template_postgis-debian.sh` script.
|
|
|
|
The example below assumes PostGIS 1.5, thus you may need to modify
|
|
``POSTGIS_SQL_PATH`` and the name of the SQL file for the specific
|
|
version of PostGIS you are using.
|
|
|
|
Once you're a database super user, then you may execute the following commands
|
|
to create a PostGIS spatial database template::
|
|
|
|
$ POSTGIS_SQL_PATH=`pg_config --sharedir`/contrib/postgis-2.0
|
|
# Creating the template spatial database.
|
|
$ createdb -E UTF8 template_postgis
|
|
$ createlang -d template_postgis plpgsql # Adding PLPGSQL language support.
|
|
# Allows non-superusers the ability to create from this template
|
|
$ psql -d postgres -c "UPDATE pg_database SET datistemplate='true' WHERE datname='template_postgis';"
|
|
# Loading the PostGIS SQL routines
|
|
$ psql -d template_postgis -f $POSTGIS_SQL_PATH/postgis.sql
|
|
$ psql -d template_postgis -f $POSTGIS_SQL_PATH/spatial_ref_sys.sql
|
|
# Enabling users to alter spatial tables.
|
|
$ psql -d template_postgis -c "GRANT ALL ON geometry_columns TO PUBLIC;"
|
|
$ psql -d template_postgis -c "GRANT ALL ON geography_columns TO PUBLIC;"
|
|
$ psql -d template_postgis -c "GRANT ALL ON spatial_ref_sys TO PUBLIC;"
|
|
|
|
These commands may be placed in a shell script for later use; for convenience
|
|
the following scripts are available:
|
|
|
|
=============== =============================================
|
|
PostGIS version Bash shell script
|
|
=============== =============================================
|
|
1.3 :download:`create_template_postgis-1.3.sh`
|
|
1.4 :download:`create_template_postgis-1.4.sh`
|
|
1.5 :download:`create_template_postgis-1.5.sh`
|
|
Debian/Ubuntu :download:`create_template_postgis-debian.sh`
|
|
=============== =============================================
|
|
|
|
Afterwards, you may create a spatial database by simply specifying
|
|
``template_postgis`` as the template to use (via the ``-T`` option)::
|
|
|
|
$ createdb -T template_postgis <db name>
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
While the ``createdb`` command does not require database super-user privileges,
|
|
it must be executed by a database user that has permissions to create databases.
|
|
You can create such a user with the following command::
|
|
|
|
$ createuser --createdb <user>
|
|
|
|
PostgreSQL's createdb fails
|
|
---------------------------
|
|
|
|
When the PostgreSQL cluster uses a non-UTF8 encoding, the
|
|
:file:`create_template_postgis-*.sh` script will fail when executing
|
|
``createdb``::
|
|
|
|
createdb: database creation failed: ERROR: new encoding (UTF8) is incompatible
|
|
with the encoding of the template database (SQL_ASCII)
|
|
|
|
The `current workaround`__ is to re-create the cluster using UTF8 (back up any
|
|
databases before dropping the cluster).
|
|
|
|
__ http://jacobian.org/writing/pg-encoding-ubuntu/
|
|
|
|
Managing the database
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
To administer the database, you can either use the pgAdmin III program
|
|
(:menuselection:`Start --> PostgreSQL 9.x --> pgAdmin III`) or the
|
|
SQL Shell (:menuselection:`Start --> PostgreSQL 9.x --> SQL Shell`).
|
|
For example, to create a ``geodjango`` spatial database and user, the following
|
|
may be executed from the SQL Shell as the ``postgres`` user::
|
|
|
|
postgres# CREATE USER geodjango PASSWORD 'my_passwd';
|
|
postgres# CREATE DATABASE geodjango OWNER geodjango TEMPLATE template_postgis ENCODING 'utf8';
|