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2934 lines
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2934 lines
114 KiB
Plaintext
=====================
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The Django admin site
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=====================
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.. module:: django.contrib.admin
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:synopsis: Django's admin site.
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One of the most powerful parts of Django is the automatic admin interface. It
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reads metadata in your model to provide a powerful and production-ready
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interface that content producers can immediately use to start adding content to
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the site. In this document, we discuss how to activate, use and customize
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Django's admin interface.
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Overview
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========
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The admin is enabled in the default project template used by
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:djadmin:`startproject`.
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For reference, here are the requirements:
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1. Add ``'django.contrib.admin'`` to your :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` setting.
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2. The admin has four dependencies - :mod:`django.contrib.auth`,
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:mod:`django.contrib.contenttypes`,
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:mod:`django.contrib.messages` and
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:mod:`django.contrib.sessions`. If these applications are not
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in your :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` list, add them.
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3. Add ``django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth`` and
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``django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages`` to
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the ``'context_processors'`` option of the ``DjangoTemplates`` backend
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defined in your :setting:`TEMPLATES` as well as
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:class:`django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware` and
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:class:`django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware` to
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:setting:`MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES`. (These are all active by default, so
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you only need to do this if you've manually tweaked the settings.)
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4. Determine which of your application's models should be editable in the
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admin interface.
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5. For each of those models, optionally create a ``ModelAdmin`` class that
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encapsulates the customized admin functionality and options for that
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particular model.
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6. Instantiate an ``AdminSite`` and tell it about each of your models and
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``ModelAdmin`` classes.
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7. Hook the ``AdminSite`` instance into your URLconf.
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After you've taken these steps, you'll be able to use your Django admin site
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by visiting the URL you hooked it into (``/admin/``, by default).
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Other topics
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------------
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.. toctree::
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:maxdepth: 1
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actions
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admindocs
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javascript
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.. seealso::
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For information about serving the static files (images, JavaScript, and
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CSS) associated with the admin in production, see :ref:`serving-files`.
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Having problems? Try :doc:`/faq/admin`.
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``ModelAdmin`` objects
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======================
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.. class:: ModelAdmin
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The ``ModelAdmin`` class is the representation of a model in the admin
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interface. Usually, these are stored in a file named ``admin.py`` in your
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application. Let's take a look at a very simple example of
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the ``ModelAdmin``::
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from django.contrib import admin
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from myproject.myapp.models import Author
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class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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pass
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admin.site.register(Author, AuthorAdmin)
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.. admonition:: Do you need a ``ModelAdmin`` object at all?
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In the preceding example, the ``ModelAdmin`` class doesn't define any
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custom values (yet). As a result, the default admin interface will be
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provided. If you are happy with the default admin interface, you don't
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need to define a ``ModelAdmin`` object at all -- you can register the
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model class without providing a ``ModelAdmin`` description. The
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preceding example could be simplified to::
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from django.contrib import admin
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from myproject.myapp.models import Author
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admin.site.register(Author)
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The register decorator
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----------------------
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.. function:: register(*models, site=django.admin.sites.site)
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There is also a decorator for registering your ``ModelAdmin`` classes::
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from django.contrib import admin
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from .models import Author
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@admin.register(Author)
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class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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pass
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It is given one or more model classes to register with the ``ModelAdmin``
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and an optional keyword argument ``site`` if you are not using the default
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``AdminSite``::
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from django.contrib import admin
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from .models import Author, Reader, Editor
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from myproject.admin_site import custom_admin_site
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@admin.register(Author, Reader, Editor, site=custom_admin_site)
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class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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pass
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You can't use this decorator if you have to reference your model admin
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class in its ``__init__()`` method, e.g.
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``super(PersonAdmin, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)``. If you are using
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Python 3 and don't have to worry about supporting Python 2, you can
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use ``super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)`` . Otherwise, you'll have to use
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``admin.site.register()`` instead of this decorator.
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Discovery of admin files
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------------------------
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When you put ``'django.contrib.admin'`` in your :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS`
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setting, Django automatically looks for an ``admin`` module in each
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application and imports it.
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.. class:: apps.AdminConfig
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This is the default :class:`~django.apps.AppConfig` class for the admin.
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It calls :func:`~django.contrib.admin.autodiscover()` when Django starts.
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.. class:: apps.SimpleAdminConfig
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This class works like :class:`~django.contrib.admin.apps.AdminConfig`,
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except it doesn't call :func:`~django.contrib.admin.autodiscover()`.
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.. function:: autodiscover
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This function attempts to import an ``admin`` module in each installed
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application. Such modules are expected to register models with the admin.
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Typically you won't need to call this function directly as
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:class:`~django.contrib.admin.apps.AdminConfig` calls it when Django starts.
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If you are using a custom ``AdminSite``, it is common to import all of the
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``ModelAdmin`` subclasses into your code and register them to the custom
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``AdminSite``. In that case, in order to disable auto-discovery, you should
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put ``'django.contrib.admin.apps.SimpleAdminConfig'`` instead of
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``'django.contrib.admin'`` in your :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` setting.
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``ModelAdmin`` options
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----------------------
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The ``ModelAdmin`` is very flexible. It has several options for dealing with
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customizing the interface. All options are defined on the ``ModelAdmin``
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subclass::
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from django.contrib import admin
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class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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date_hierarchy = 'pub_date'
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.actions
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A list of actions to make available on the change list page. See
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:doc:`/ref/contrib/admin/actions` for details.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.actions_on_top
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.actions_on_bottom
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Controls where on the page the actions bar appears. By default, the admin
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changelist displays actions at the top of the page (``actions_on_top = True;
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actions_on_bottom = False``).
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.actions_selection_counter
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Controls whether a selection counter is displayed next to the action dropdown.
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By default, the admin changelist will display it
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(``actions_selection_counter = True``).
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.date_hierarchy
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Set ``date_hierarchy`` to the name of a ``DateField`` or ``DateTimeField``
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in your model, and the change list page will include a date-based drilldown
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navigation by that field.
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Example::
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date_hierarchy = 'pub_date'
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This will intelligently populate itself based on available data,
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e.g. if all the dates are in one month, it'll show the day-level
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drill-down only.
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.. note::
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``date_hierarchy`` uses :meth:`QuerySet.datetimes()
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<django.db.models.query.QuerySet.datetimes>` internally. Please refer
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to its documentation for some caveats when time zone support is
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enabled (:setting:`USE_TZ = True <USE_TZ>`).
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.empty_value_display
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.. versionadded:: 1.9
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This attribute overrides the default display value for record's fields that
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are empty (``None``, empty string, etc.). The default value is ``-`` (a
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dash). For example::
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from django.contrib import admin
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class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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empty_value_display = '-empty-'
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You can also override ``empty_value_display`` for all admin pages with
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:attr:`AdminSite.empty_value_display`, or for specific fields like this::
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from django.contrib import admin
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class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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fields = ('name', 'title', 'view_birth_date')
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def view_birth_date(self, obj):
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return obj.birth_date
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view_birth_date.short_name = 'birth_date'
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view_birth_date.empty_value_display = '???'
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.exclude
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This attribute, if given, should be a list of field names to exclude from
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the form.
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For example, let's consider the following model::
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from django.db import models
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class Author(models.Model):
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name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
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title = models.CharField(max_length=3)
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birth_date = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)
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If you want a form for the ``Author`` model that includes only the ``name``
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and ``title`` fields, you would specify ``fields`` or ``exclude`` like
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this::
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from django.contrib import admin
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class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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fields = ('name', 'title')
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class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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exclude = ('birth_date',)
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Since the Author model only has three fields, ``name``, ``title``, and
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``birth_date``, the forms resulting from the above declarations will
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contain exactly the same fields.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.fields
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Use the ``fields`` option to make simple layout changes in the forms on
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the "add" and "change" pages such as showing only a subset of available
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fields, modifying their order, or grouping them into rows. For example, you
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could define a simpler version of the admin form for the
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:class:`django.contrib.flatpages.models.FlatPage` model as follows::
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class FlatPageAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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fields = ('url', 'title', 'content')
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In the above example, only the fields ``url``, ``title`` and ``content``
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will be displayed, sequentially, in the form. ``fields`` can contain
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values defined in :attr:`ModelAdmin.readonly_fields` to be displayed as
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read-only.
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For more complex layout needs, see the :attr:`~ModelAdmin.fieldsets` option.
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The ``fields`` option, unlike :attr:`~ModelAdmin.list_display`, may only
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contain names of fields on the model or the form specified by
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:attr:`~ModelAdmin.form`. It may contain callables only if they are listed
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in :attr:`~ModelAdmin.readonly_fields`.
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To display multiple fields on the same line, wrap those fields in their own
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tuple. In this example, the ``url`` and ``title`` fields will display on the
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same line and the ``content`` field will be displayed below them on its
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own line::
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class FlatPageAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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fields = (('url', 'title'), 'content')
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.. admonition:: Note
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This ``fields`` option should not be confused with the ``fields``
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dictionary key that is within the :attr:`~ModelAdmin.fieldsets` option,
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as described in the next section.
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If neither ``fields`` nor :attr:`~ModelAdmin.fieldsets` options are present,
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Django will default to displaying each field that isn't an ``AutoField`` and
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has ``editable=True``, in a single fieldset, in the same order as the fields
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are defined in the model.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.fieldsets
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Set ``fieldsets`` to control the layout of admin "add" and "change" pages.
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``fieldsets`` is a list of two-tuples, in which each two-tuple represents a
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``<fieldset>`` on the admin form page. (A ``<fieldset>`` is a "section" of
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the form.)
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The two-tuples are in the format ``(name, field_options)``, where ``name``
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is a string representing the title of the fieldset and ``field_options`` is
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a dictionary of information about the fieldset, including a list of fields
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to be displayed in it.
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A full example, taken from the
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:class:`django.contrib.flatpages.models.FlatPage` model::
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from django.contrib import admin
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class FlatPageAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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fieldsets = (
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(None, {
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'fields': ('url', 'title', 'content', 'sites')
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}),
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('Advanced options', {
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'classes': ('collapse',),
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'fields': ('registration_required', 'template_name'),
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}),
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)
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This results in an admin page that looks like:
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.. image:: _images/fieldsets.png
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If neither ``fieldsets`` nor :attr:`~ModelAdmin.fields` options are present,
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Django will default to displaying each field that isn't an ``AutoField`` and
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has ``editable=True``, in a single fieldset, in the same order as the fields
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are defined in the model.
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The ``field_options`` dictionary can have the following keys:
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* ``fields``
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A tuple of field names to display in this fieldset. This key is
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required.
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Example::
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{
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'fields': ('first_name', 'last_name', 'address', 'city', 'state'),
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}
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As with the :attr:`~ModelAdmin.fields` option, to display multiple
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fields on the same line, wrap those fields in their own tuple. In this
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example, the ``first_name`` and ``last_name`` fields will display on
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the same line::
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{
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'fields': (('first_name', 'last_name'), 'address', 'city', 'state'),
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}
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``fields`` can contain values defined in
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:attr:`~ModelAdmin.readonly_fields` to be displayed as read-only.
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If you add the name of a callable to ``fields``, the same rule applies
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as with the :attr:`~ModelAdmin.fields` option: the callable must be
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listed in :attr:`~ModelAdmin.readonly_fields`.
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* ``classes``
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A list or tuple containing extra CSS classes to apply to the fieldset.
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Example::
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{
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'classes': ('wide', 'extrapretty'),
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}
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Two useful classes defined by the default admin site stylesheet are
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``collapse`` and ``wide``. Fieldsets with the ``collapse`` style
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will be initially collapsed in the admin and replaced with a small
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"click to expand" link. Fieldsets with the ``wide`` style will be
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given extra horizontal space.
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* ``description``
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A string of optional extra text to be displayed at the top of each
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fieldset, under the heading of the fieldset. This string is not
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rendered for :class:`~django.contrib.admin.TabularInline` due to its
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layout.
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Note that this value is *not* HTML-escaped when it's displayed in
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the admin interface. This lets you include HTML if you so desire.
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Alternatively you can use plain text and
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``django.utils.html.escape()`` to escape any HTML special
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characters.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.filter_horizontal
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By default, a :class:`~django.db.models.ManyToManyField` is displayed in
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the admin site with a ``<select multiple>``. However, multiple-select boxes
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can be difficult to use when selecting many items. Adding a
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:class:`~django.db.models.ManyToManyField` to this list will instead use
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a nifty unobtrusive JavaScript "filter" interface that allows searching
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within the options. The unselected and selected options appear in two boxes
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side by side. See :attr:`~ModelAdmin.filter_vertical` to use a vertical
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interface.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.filter_vertical
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Same as :attr:`~ModelAdmin.filter_horizontal`, but uses a vertical display
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of the filter interface with the box of unselected options appearing above
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the box of selected options.
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.form
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By default a ``ModelForm`` is dynamically created for your model. It is
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used to create the form presented on both the add/change pages. You can
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easily provide your own ``ModelForm`` to override any default form behavior
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on the add/change pages. Alternatively, you can customize the default
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form rather than specifying an entirely new one by using the
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:meth:`ModelAdmin.get_form` method.
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For an example see the section :ref:`admin-custom-validation`.
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.. admonition:: Note
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If you define the ``Meta.model`` attribute on a
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:class:`~django.forms.ModelForm`, you must also define the
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``Meta.fields`` attribute (or the ``Meta.exclude`` attribute). However,
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since the admin has its own way of defining fields, the ``Meta.fields``
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attribute will be ignored.
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If the ``ModelForm`` is only going to be used for the admin, the easiest
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solution is to omit the ``Meta.model`` attribute, since ``ModelAdmin``
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will provide the correct model to use. Alternatively, you can set
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``fields = []`` in the ``Meta`` class to satisfy the validation on the
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``ModelForm``.
|
||
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.. admonition:: Note
|
||
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If your ``ModelForm`` and ``ModelAdmin`` both define an ``exclude``
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option then ``ModelAdmin`` takes precedence::
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|
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from django import forms
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from django.contrib import admin
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from myapp.models import Person
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class PersonForm(forms.ModelForm):
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class Meta:
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model = Person
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exclude = ['name']
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class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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exclude = ['age']
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form = PersonForm
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In the above example, the "age" field will be excluded but the "name"
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field will be included in the generated form.
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||
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.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.formfield_overrides
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This provides a quick-and-dirty way to override some of the
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:class:`~django.forms.Field` options for use in the admin.
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``formfield_overrides`` is a dictionary mapping a field class to a dict of
|
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arguments to pass to the field at construction time.
|
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|
||
Since that's a bit abstract, let's look at a concrete example. The most
|
||
common use of ``formfield_overrides`` is to add a custom widget for a
|
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certain type of field. So, imagine we've written a ``RichTextEditorWidget``
|
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that we'd like to use for large text fields instead of the default
|
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``<textarea>``. Here's how we'd do that::
|
||
|
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from django.db import models
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from django.contrib import admin
|
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# Import our custom widget and our model from where they're defined
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from myapp.widgets import RichTextEditorWidget
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from myapp.models import MyModel
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class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
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formfield_overrides = {
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models.TextField: {'widget': RichTextEditorWidget},
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}
|
||
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Note that the key in the dictionary is the actual field class, *not* a
|
||
string. The value is another dictionary; these arguments will be passed to
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the form field's ``__init__()`` method. See :doc:`/ref/forms/api` for
|
||
details.
|
||
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||
.. warning::
|
||
|
||
If you want to use a custom widget with a relation field (i.e.
|
||
:class:`~django.db.models.ForeignKey` or
|
||
:class:`~django.db.models.ManyToManyField`), make sure you haven't
|
||
included that field's name in ``raw_id_fields`` or ``radio_fields``.
|
||
|
||
``formfield_overrides`` won't let you change the widget on relation
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||
fields that have ``raw_id_fields`` or ``radio_fields`` set. That's
|
||
because ``raw_id_fields`` and ``radio_fields`` imply custom widgets of
|
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their own.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.inlines
|
||
|
||
See :class:`InlineModelAdmin` objects below as well as
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||
:meth:`ModelAdmin.get_formsets_with_inlines`.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.list_display
|
||
|
||
Set ``list_display`` to control which fields are displayed on the change
|
||
list page of the admin.
|
||
|
||
Example::
|
||
|
||
list_display = ('first_name', 'last_name')
|
||
|
||
If you don't set ``list_display``, the admin site will display a single
|
||
column that displays the ``__str__()`` (``__unicode__()`` on Python 2)
|
||
representation of each object.
|
||
|
||
You have four possible values that can be used in ``list_display``:
|
||
|
||
* A field of the model. For example::
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
list_display = ('first_name', 'last_name')
|
||
|
||
* A callable that accepts one parameter for the model instance. For
|
||
example::
|
||
|
||
def upper_case_name(obj):
|
||
return ("%s %s" % (obj.first_name, obj.last_name)).upper()
|
||
upper_case_name.short_description = 'Name'
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
list_display = (upper_case_name,)
|
||
|
||
* A string representing an attribute on the ``ModelAdmin``. This
|
||
behaves same as the callable. For example::
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
list_display = ('upper_case_name',)
|
||
|
||
def upper_case_name(self, obj):
|
||
return ("%s %s" % (obj.first_name, obj.last_name)).upper()
|
||
upper_case_name.short_description = 'Name'
|
||
|
||
* A string representing an attribute on the model. This behaves almost
|
||
the same as the callable, but ``self`` in this context is the model
|
||
instance. Here's a full model example::
|
||
|
||
from django.db import models
|
||
from django.contrib import admin
|
||
|
||
class Person(models.Model):
|
||
name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
|
||
birthday = models.DateField()
|
||
|
||
def decade_born_in(self):
|
||
return self.birthday.strftime('%Y')[:3] + "0's"
|
||
decade_born_in.short_description = 'Birth decade'
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
list_display = ('name', 'decade_born_in')
|
||
|
||
A few special cases to note about ``list_display``:
|
||
|
||
* If the field is a ``ForeignKey``, Django will display the
|
||
``__str__()`` (``__unicode__()`` on Python 2) of the related object.
|
||
|
||
* ``ManyToManyField`` fields aren't supported, because that would
|
||
entail executing a separate SQL statement for each row in the table.
|
||
If you want to do this nonetheless, give your model a custom method,
|
||
and add that method's name to ``list_display``. (See below for more
|
||
on custom methods in ``list_display``.)
|
||
|
||
* If the field is a ``BooleanField`` or ``NullBooleanField``, Django
|
||
will display a pretty "on" or "off" icon instead of ``True`` or
|
||
``False``.
|
||
|
||
* If the string given is a method of the model, ``ModelAdmin`` or a
|
||
callable, Django will HTML-escape the output by default. To escape
|
||
user input and allow your own unescaped tags, use
|
||
:func:`~django.utils.html.format_html`.
|
||
|
||
Here's a full example model::
|
||
|
||
from django.db import models
|
||
from django.contrib import admin
|
||
from django.utils.html import format_html
|
||
|
||
class Person(models.Model):
|
||
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
|
||
last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
|
||
color_code = models.CharField(max_length=6)
|
||
|
||
def colored_name(self):
|
||
return format_html('<span style="color: #{};">{} {}</span>',
|
||
self.color_code,
|
||
self.first_name,
|
||
self.last_name)
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
list_display = ('first_name', 'last_name', 'colored_name')
|
||
|
||
.. deprecated:: 1.9
|
||
|
||
In older versions, you could add an ``allow_tags`` attribute to the
|
||
method to prevent auto-escaping. This attribute is deprecated as it's
|
||
safer to use :func:`~django.utils.html.format_html`,
|
||
:func:`~django.utils.html.format_html_join`, or
|
||
:func:`~django.utils.safestring.mark_safe` instead.
|
||
|
||
* If the value of a field is ``None``, an empty string, or an iterable
|
||
without elements, Django will display ``-`` (a dash). You can override
|
||
this with :attr:`AdminSite.empty_value_display`::
|
||
|
||
from django.contrib import admin
|
||
|
||
admin.site.empty_value_display = '(None)'
|
||
|
||
You can also use :attr:`AdminSite.empty_value_display`::
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
empty_value_display = 'unknown'
|
||
|
||
Or on a field level::
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
list_display = ('name', 'birth_date_view')
|
||
|
||
def birth_date_view(self, obj):
|
||
return obj.birth_date
|
||
|
||
birth_date_view.empty_value_display = 'unknown'
|
||
|
||
.. versionadded:: 1.9
|
||
|
||
The ability to customize ``empty_value_display`` was added.
|
||
|
||
* If the string given is a method of the model, ``ModelAdmin`` or a
|
||
callable that returns True or False Django will display a pretty
|
||
"on" or "off" icon if you give the method a ``boolean`` attribute
|
||
whose value is ``True``.
|
||
|
||
Here's a full example model::
|
||
|
||
from django.db import models
|
||
from django.contrib import admin
|
||
|
||
class Person(models.Model):
|
||
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
|
||
birthday = models.DateField()
|
||
|
||
def born_in_fifties(self):
|
||
return self.birthday.strftime('%Y')[:3] == '195'
|
||
born_in_fifties.boolean = True
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
list_display = ('name', 'born_in_fifties')
|
||
|
||
* The ``__str__()`` (``__unicode__()`` on Python 2) method is just
|
||
as valid in ``list_display`` as any other model method, so it's
|
||
perfectly OK to do this::
|
||
|
||
list_display = ('__str__', 'some_other_field')
|
||
|
||
* Usually, elements of ``list_display`` that aren't actual database
|
||
fields can't be used in sorting (because Django does all the sorting
|
||
at the database level).
|
||
|
||
However, if an element of ``list_display`` represents a certain
|
||
database field, you can indicate this fact by setting the
|
||
``admin_order_field`` attribute of the item.
|
||
|
||
For example::
|
||
|
||
from django.db import models
|
||
from django.contrib import admin
|
||
from django.utils.html import format_html
|
||
|
||
class Person(models.Model):
|
||
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
|
||
color_code = models.CharField(max_length=6)
|
||
|
||
def colored_first_name(self):
|
||
return format_html('<span style="color: #{};">{}</span>',
|
||
self.color_code,
|
||
self.first_name)
|
||
|
||
colored_first_name.admin_order_field = 'first_name'
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
list_display = ('first_name', 'colored_first_name')
|
||
|
||
The above will tell Django to order by the ``first_name`` field when
|
||
trying to sort by ``colored_first_name`` in the admin.
|
||
|
||
To indicate descending order with ``admin_order_field`` you can use a
|
||
hyphen prefix on the field name. Using the above example, this would
|
||
look like::
|
||
|
||
colored_first_name.admin_order_field = '-first_name'
|
||
|
||
``admin_order_field`` supports query lookups to sort by values on related
|
||
models. This example includes an "author first name" column in the list
|
||
display and allows sorting it by first name::
|
||
|
||
class Blog(models.Model):
|
||
title = models.CharField(max_length=255)
|
||
author = models.ForeignKey(Person, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
|
||
|
||
class BlogAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
list_display = ('title', 'author', 'author_first_name')
|
||
|
||
def author_first_name(self, obj):
|
||
return obj.author.first_name
|
||
|
||
author_first_name.admin_order_field = 'author__first_name'
|
||
|
||
* Elements of ``list_display`` can also be properties. Please note however,
|
||
that due to the way properties work in Python, setting
|
||
``short_description`` on a property is only possible when using the
|
||
``property()`` function and **not** with the ``@property`` decorator.
|
||
|
||
For example::
|
||
|
||
class Person(models.Model):
|
||
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
|
||
last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
|
||
|
||
def my_property(self):
|
||
return self.first_name + ' ' + self.last_name
|
||
my_property.short_description = "Full name of the person"
|
||
|
||
full_name = property(my_property)
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
list_display = ('full_name',)
|
||
|
||
|
||
* The field names in ``list_display`` will also appear as CSS classes in
|
||
the HTML output, in the form of ``column-<field_name>`` on each ``<th>``
|
||
element. This can be used to set column widths in a CSS file for example.
|
||
|
||
* Django will try to interpret every element of ``list_display`` in this
|
||
order:
|
||
|
||
* A field of the model.
|
||
* A callable.
|
||
* A string representing a ``ModelAdmin`` attribute.
|
||
* A string representing a model attribute.
|
||
|
||
For example if you have ``first_name`` as a model field and
|
||
as a ``ModelAdmin`` attribute, the model field will be used.
|
||
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.list_display_links
|
||
|
||
Use ``list_display_links`` to control if and which fields in
|
||
:attr:`list_display` should be linked to the "change" page for an object.
|
||
|
||
By default, the change list page will link the first column -- the first
|
||
field specified in ``list_display`` -- to the change page for each item.
|
||
But ``list_display_links`` lets you change this:
|
||
|
||
* Set it to ``None`` to get no links at all.
|
||
* Set it to a list or tuple of fields (in the same format as
|
||
``list_display``) whose columns you want converted to links.
|
||
|
||
You can specify one or many fields. As long as the fields appear in
|
||
``list_display``, Django doesn't care how many (or how few) fields are
|
||
linked. The only requirement is that if you want to use
|
||
``list_display_links`` in this fashion, you must define ``list_display``.
|
||
|
||
In this example, the ``first_name`` and ``last_name`` fields will be
|
||
linked on the change list page::
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
list_display = ('first_name', 'last_name', 'birthday')
|
||
list_display_links = ('first_name', 'last_name')
|
||
|
||
In this example, the change list page grid will have no links::
|
||
|
||
class AuditEntryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
list_display = ('timestamp', 'message')
|
||
list_display_links = None
|
||
|
||
.. _admin-list-editable:
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.list_editable
|
||
|
||
Set ``list_editable`` to a list of field names on the model which will
|
||
allow editing on the change list page. That is, fields listed in
|
||
``list_editable`` will be displayed as form widgets on the change list
|
||
page, allowing users to edit and save multiple rows at once.
|
||
|
||
.. note::
|
||
|
||
``list_editable`` interacts with a couple of other options in
|
||
particular ways; you should note the following rules:
|
||
|
||
* Any field in ``list_editable`` must also be in ``list_display``.
|
||
You can't edit a field that's not displayed!
|
||
|
||
* The same field can't be listed in both ``list_editable`` and
|
||
``list_display_links`` -- a field can't be both a form and
|
||
a link.
|
||
|
||
You'll get a validation error if either of these rules are broken.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.list_filter
|
||
|
||
Set ``list_filter`` to activate filters in the right sidebar of the change
|
||
list page of the admin, as illustrated in the following screenshot:
|
||
|
||
.. image:: _images/list_filter.png
|
||
|
||
``list_filter`` should be a list or tuple of elements, where each element
|
||
should be of one of the following types:
|
||
|
||
* a field name, where the specified field should be either a
|
||
``BooleanField``, ``CharField``, ``DateField``, ``DateTimeField``,
|
||
``IntegerField``, ``ForeignKey`` or ``ManyToManyField``, for example::
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
list_filter = ('is_staff', 'company')
|
||
|
||
Field names in ``list_filter`` can also span relations
|
||
using the ``__`` lookup, for example::
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.UserAdmin):
|
||
list_filter = ('company__name',)
|
||
|
||
* a class inheriting from ``django.contrib.admin.SimpleListFilter``,
|
||
which you need to provide the ``title`` and ``parameter_name``
|
||
attributes to and override the ``lookups`` and ``queryset`` methods,
|
||
e.g.::
|
||
|
||
from datetime import date
|
||
|
||
from django.contrib import admin
|
||
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
|
||
|
||
class DecadeBornListFilter(admin.SimpleListFilter):
|
||
# Human-readable title which will be displayed in the
|
||
# right admin sidebar just above the filter options.
|
||
title = _('decade born')
|
||
|
||
# Parameter for the filter that will be used in the URL query.
|
||
parameter_name = 'decade'
|
||
|
||
def lookups(self, request, model_admin):
|
||
"""
|
||
Returns a list of tuples. The first element in each
|
||
tuple is the coded value for the option that will
|
||
appear in the URL query. The second element is the
|
||
human-readable name for the option that will appear
|
||
in the right sidebar.
|
||
"""
|
||
return (
|
||
('80s', _('in the eighties')),
|
||
('90s', _('in the nineties')),
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
def queryset(self, request, queryset):
|
||
"""
|
||
Returns the filtered queryset based on the value
|
||
provided in the query string and retrievable via
|
||
`self.value()`.
|
||
"""
|
||
# Compare the requested value (either '80s' or '90s')
|
||
# to decide how to filter the queryset.
|
||
if self.value() == '80s':
|
||
return queryset.filter(birthday__gte=date(1980, 1, 1),
|
||
birthday__lte=date(1989, 12, 31))
|
||
if self.value() == '90s':
|
||
return queryset.filter(birthday__gte=date(1990, 1, 1),
|
||
birthday__lte=date(1999, 12, 31))
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
list_filter = (DecadeBornListFilter,)
|
||
|
||
.. note::
|
||
|
||
As a convenience, the ``HttpRequest`` object is passed to the
|
||
``lookups`` and ``queryset`` methods, for example::
|
||
|
||
class AuthDecadeBornListFilter(DecadeBornListFilter):
|
||
|
||
def lookups(self, request, model_admin):
|
||
if request.user.is_superuser:
|
||
return super(AuthDecadeBornListFilter,
|
||
self).lookups(request, model_admin)
|
||
|
||
def queryset(self, request, queryset):
|
||
if request.user.is_superuser:
|
||
return super(AuthDecadeBornListFilter,
|
||
self).queryset(request, queryset)
|
||
|
||
Also as a convenience, the ``ModelAdmin`` object is passed to
|
||
the ``lookups`` method, for example if you want to base the
|
||
lookups on the available data::
|
||
|
||
class AdvancedDecadeBornListFilter(DecadeBornListFilter):
|
||
|
||
def lookups(self, request, model_admin):
|
||
"""
|
||
Only show the lookups if there actually is
|
||
anyone born in the corresponding decades.
|
||
"""
|
||
qs = model_admin.get_queryset(request)
|
||
if qs.filter(birthday__gte=date(1980, 1, 1),
|
||
birthday__lte=date(1989, 12, 31)).exists():
|
||
yield ('80s', _('in the eighties'))
|
||
if qs.filter(birthday__gte=date(1990, 1, 1),
|
||
birthday__lte=date(1999, 12, 31)).exists():
|
||
yield ('90s', _('in the nineties'))
|
||
|
||
* a tuple, where the first element is a field name and the second
|
||
element is a class inheriting from
|
||
``django.contrib.admin.FieldListFilter``, for example::
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
list_filter = (
|
||
('is_staff', admin.BooleanFieldListFilter),
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
You can limit the choices of a related model to the objects involved in
|
||
that relation using ``RelatedOnlyFieldListFilter``::
|
||
|
||
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
list_filter = (
|
||
('author', admin.RelatedOnlyFieldListFilter),
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
Assuming ``author`` is a ``ForeignKey`` to a ``User`` model, this will
|
||
limit the ``list_filter`` choices to the users who have written a book
|
||
instead of listing all users.
|
||
|
||
.. note::
|
||
|
||
The ``FieldListFilter`` API is considered internal and might be
|
||
changed.
|
||
|
||
It is possible to specify a custom template for rendering a list filter::
|
||
|
||
class FilterWithCustomTemplate(admin.SimpleListFilter):
|
||
template = "custom_template.html"
|
||
|
||
See the default template provided by django (``admin/filter.html``) for
|
||
a concrete example.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.list_max_show_all
|
||
|
||
Set ``list_max_show_all`` to control how many items can appear on a "Show
|
||
all" admin change list page. The admin will display a "Show all" link on the
|
||
change list only if the total result count is less than or equal to this
|
||
setting. By default, this is set to ``200``.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.list_per_page
|
||
|
||
Set ``list_per_page`` to control how many items appear on each paginated
|
||
admin change list page. By default, this is set to ``100``.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.list_select_related
|
||
|
||
Set ``list_select_related`` to tell Django to use
|
||
:meth:`~django.db.models.query.QuerySet.select_related` in retrieving
|
||
the list of objects on the admin change list page. This can save you a
|
||
bunch of database queries.
|
||
|
||
The value should be either a boolean, a list or a tuple. Default is
|
||
``False``.
|
||
|
||
When value is ``True``, ``select_related()`` will always be called. When
|
||
value is set to ``False``, Django will look at ``list_display`` and call
|
||
``select_related()`` if any ``ForeignKey`` is present.
|
||
|
||
If you need more fine-grained control, use a tuple (or list) as value for
|
||
``list_select_related``. Empty tuple will prevent Django from calling
|
||
``select_related`` at all. Any other tuple will be passed directly to
|
||
``select_related`` as parameters. For example::
|
||
|
||
class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
list_select_related = ('author', 'category')
|
||
|
||
will call ``select_related('author', 'category')``.
|
||
|
||
If you need to specify a dynamic value based on the request, you can
|
||
implement a :meth:`~ModelAdmin.get_list_select_related` method.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.ordering
|
||
|
||
Set ``ordering`` to specify how lists of objects should be ordered in the
|
||
Django admin views. This should be a list or tuple in the same format as a
|
||
model's :attr:`~django.db.models.Options.ordering` parameter.
|
||
|
||
If this isn't provided, the Django admin will use the model's default
|
||
ordering.
|
||
|
||
If you need to specify a dynamic order (for example depending on user or
|
||
language) you can implement a :meth:`~ModelAdmin.get_ordering` method.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.paginator
|
||
|
||
The paginator class to be used for pagination. By default,
|
||
:class:`django.core.paginator.Paginator` is used. If the custom paginator
|
||
class doesn't have the same constructor interface as
|
||
:class:`django.core.paginator.Paginator`, you will also need to
|
||
provide an implementation for :meth:`ModelAdmin.get_paginator`.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.prepopulated_fields
|
||
|
||
Set ``prepopulated_fields`` to a dictionary mapping field names to the
|
||
fields it should prepopulate from::
|
||
|
||
class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
prepopulated_fields = {"slug": ("title",)}
|
||
|
||
When set, the given fields will use a bit of JavaScript to populate from
|
||
the fields assigned. The main use for this functionality is to
|
||
automatically generate the value for ``SlugField`` fields from one or more
|
||
other fields. The generated value is produced by concatenating the values
|
||
of the source fields, and then by transforming that result into a valid
|
||
slug (e.g. substituting dashes for spaces).
|
||
|
||
``prepopulated_fields`` doesn't accept ``DateTimeField``, ``ForeignKey``,
|
||
nor ``ManyToManyField`` fields.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.preserve_filters
|
||
|
||
The admin now preserves filters on the list view after creating, editing
|
||
or deleting an object. You can restore the previous behavior of clearing
|
||
filters by setting this attribute to ``False``.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.radio_fields
|
||
|
||
By default, Django's admin uses a select-box interface (<select>) for
|
||
fields that are ``ForeignKey`` or have ``choices`` set. If a field is
|
||
present in ``radio_fields``, Django will use a radio-button interface
|
||
instead. Assuming ``group`` is a ``ForeignKey`` on the ``Person`` model::
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
radio_fields = {"group": admin.VERTICAL}
|
||
|
||
You have the choice of using ``HORIZONTAL`` or ``VERTICAL`` from the
|
||
``django.contrib.admin`` module.
|
||
|
||
Don't include a field in ``radio_fields`` unless it's a ``ForeignKey`` or has
|
||
``choices`` set.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.raw_id_fields
|
||
|
||
By default, Django's admin uses a select-box interface (<select>) for
|
||
fields that are ``ForeignKey``. Sometimes you don't want to incur the
|
||
overhead of having to select all the related instances to display in the
|
||
drop-down.
|
||
|
||
``raw_id_fields`` is a list of fields you would like to change
|
||
into an ``Input`` widget for either a ``ForeignKey`` or
|
||
``ManyToManyField``::
|
||
|
||
class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
raw_id_fields = ("newspaper",)
|
||
|
||
The ``raw_id_fields`` ``Input`` widget should contain a primary key if the
|
||
field is a ``ForeignKey`` or a comma separated list of values if the field
|
||
is a ``ManyToManyField``. The ``raw_id_fields`` widget shows a magnifying
|
||
glass button next to the field which allows users to search for and select
|
||
a value:
|
||
|
||
.. image:: _images/raw_id_fields.png
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.readonly_fields
|
||
|
||
By default the admin shows all fields as editable. Any fields in this
|
||
option (which should be a ``list`` or ``tuple``) will display its data
|
||
as-is and non-editable; they are also excluded from the
|
||
:class:`~django.forms.ModelForm` used for creating and editing. Note that
|
||
when specifying :attr:`ModelAdmin.fields` or :attr:`ModelAdmin.fieldsets`
|
||
the read-only fields must be present to be shown (they are ignored
|
||
otherwise).
|
||
|
||
If ``readonly_fields`` is used without defining explicit ordering through
|
||
:attr:`ModelAdmin.fields` or :attr:`ModelAdmin.fieldsets` they will be
|
||
added last after all editable fields.
|
||
|
||
A read-only field can not only display data from a model's field, it can
|
||
also display the output of a model's method or a method of the
|
||
``ModelAdmin`` class itself. This is very similar to the way
|
||
:attr:`ModelAdmin.list_display` behaves. This provides an easy way to use
|
||
the admin interface to provide feedback on the status of the objects being
|
||
edited, for example::
|
||
|
||
from django.contrib import admin
|
||
from django.utils.html import format_html_join
|
||
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
readonly_fields = ('address_report',)
|
||
|
||
def address_report(self, instance):
|
||
# assuming get_full_address() returns a list of strings
|
||
# for each line of the address and you want to separate each
|
||
# line by a linebreak
|
||
return format_html_join(
|
||
mark_safe('<br/>'),
|
||
'{}',
|
||
((line,) for line in instance.get_full_address()),
|
||
) or mark_safe("<span class='errors'>I can't determine this address.</span>")
|
||
|
||
# short_description functions like a model field's verbose_name
|
||
address_report.short_description = "Address"
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.save_as
|
||
|
||
Set ``save_as`` to enable a "save as" feature on admin change forms.
|
||
|
||
Normally, objects have three save options: "Save", "Save and continue
|
||
editing" and "Save and add another". If ``save_as`` is ``True``, "Save
|
||
and add another" will be replaced by a "Save as" button.
|
||
|
||
"Save as" means the object will be saved as a new object (with a new ID),
|
||
rather than the old object.
|
||
|
||
By default, ``save_as`` is set to ``False``.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.save_on_top
|
||
|
||
Set ``save_on_top`` to add save buttons across the top of your admin change
|
||
forms.
|
||
|
||
Normally, the save buttons appear only at the bottom of the forms. If you
|
||
set ``save_on_top``, the buttons will appear both on the top and the
|
||
bottom.
|
||
|
||
By default, ``save_on_top`` is set to ``False``.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.search_fields
|
||
|
||
Set ``search_fields`` to enable a search box on the admin change list page.
|
||
This should be set to a list of field names that will be searched whenever
|
||
somebody submits a search query in that text box.
|
||
|
||
These fields should be some kind of text field, such as ``CharField`` or
|
||
``TextField``. You can also perform a related lookup on a ``ForeignKey`` or
|
||
``ManyToManyField`` with the lookup API "follow" notation::
|
||
|
||
search_fields = ['foreign_key__related_fieldname']
|
||
|
||
For example, if you have a blog entry with an author, the following
|
||
definition would enable searching blog entries by the email address of the
|
||
author::
|
||
|
||
search_fields = ['user__email']
|
||
|
||
When somebody does a search in the admin search box, Django splits the
|
||
search query into words and returns all objects that contain each of the
|
||
words, case insensitive, where each word must be in at least one of
|
||
``search_fields``. For example, if ``search_fields`` is set to
|
||
``['first_name', 'last_name']`` and a user searches for ``john lennon``,
|
||
Django will do the equivalent of this SQL ``WHERE`` clause::
|
||
|
||
WHERE (first_name ILIKE '%john%' OR last_name ILIKE '%john%')
|
||
AND (first_name ILIKE '%lennon%' OR last_name ILIKE '%lennon%')
|
||
|
||
For faster and/or more restrictive searches, prefix the field name
|
||
with an operator:
|
||
|
||
``^``
|
||
Use the '^' operator to match starting at the beginning of the
|
||
field. For example, if ``search_fields`` is set to
|
||
``['^first_name', '^last_name']`` and a user searches for
|
||
``john lennon``, Django will do the equivalent of this SQL ``WHERE``
|
||
clause::
|
||
|
||
WHERE (first_name ILIKE 'john%' OR last_name ILIKE 'john%')
|
||
AND (first_name ILIKE 'lennon%' OR last_name ILIKE 'lennon%')
|
||
|
||
This query is more efficient than the normal ``'%john%'`` query,
|
||
because the database only needs to check the beginning of a column's
|
||
data, rather than seeking through the entire column's data. Plus, if
|
||
the column has an index on it, some databases may be able to use the
|
||
index for this query, even though it's a ``LIKE`` query.
|
||
|
||
``=``
|
||
Use the '=' operator for case-insensitive exact matching. For
|
||
example, if ``search_fields`` is set to
|
||
``['=first_name', '=last_name']`` and a user searches for
|
||
``john lennon``, Django will do the equivalent of this SQL
|
||
``WHERE`` clause::
|
||
|
||
WHERE (first_name ILIKE 'john' OR last_name ILIKE 'john')
|
||
AND (first_name ILIKE 'lennon' OR last_name ILIKE 'lennon')
|
||
|
||
Note that the query input is split by spaces, so, following this
|
||
example, it's currently not possible to search for all records in which
|
||
``first_name`` is exactly ``'john winston'`` (containing a space).
|
||
|
||
``@``
|
||
Using the '@' operator to perform a full text match. This is like the
|
||
default search method but uses an index. Currently this is only
|
||
available for MySQL.
|
||
|
||
If you need to customize search you can use
|
||
:meth:`ModelAdmin.get_search_results` to provide additional or alternate
|
||
search behavior.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.show_full_result_count
|
||
|
||
Set ``show_full_result_count`` to control whether the full count of objects
|
||
should be displayed on a filtered admin page (e.g. ``99 results (103 total)``).
|
||
If this option is set to ``False``, a text like ``99 results (Show all)``
|
||
is displayed instead.
|
||
|
||
The default of ``show_full_result_count=True`` generates a query to perform
|
||
a full count on the table which can be expensive if the table contains a
|
||
large number of rows.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.view_on_site
|
||
|
||
Set ``view_on_site`` to control whether or not to display the "View on site" link.
|
||
This link should bring you to a URL where you can display the saved object.
|
||
|
||
This value can be either a boolean flag or a callable. If ``True`` (the
|
||
default), the object's :meth:`~django.db.models.Model.get_absolute_url`
|
||
method will be used to generate the url.
|
||
|
||
If your model has a :meth:`~django.db.models.Model.get_absolute_url` method
|
||
but you don't want the "View on site" button to appear, you only need to set
|
||
``view_on_site`` to ``False``::
|
||
|
||
from django.contrib import admin
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
view_on_site = False
|
||
|
||
In case it is a callable, it accepts the model instance as a parameter.
|
||
For example::
|
||
|
||
from django.contrib import admin
|
||
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
def view_on_site(self, obj):
|
||
return 'https://example.com' + reverse('person-detail',
|
||
kwargs={'slug': obj.slug})
|
||
|
||
Custom template options
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
||
The :ref:`admin-overriding-templates` section describes how to override or extend
|
||
the default admin templates. Use the following options to override the default
|
||
templates used by the :class:`ModelAdmin` views:
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.add_form_template
|
||
|
||
Path to a custom template, used by :meth:`add_view`.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.change_form_template
|
||
|
||
Path to a custom template, used by :meth:`change_view`.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.change_list_template
|
||
|
||
Path to a custom template, used by :meth:`changelist_view`.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.delete_confirmation_template
|
||
|
||
Path to a custom template, used by :meth:`delete_view` for displaying a
|
||
confirmation page when deleting one or more objects.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.delete_selected_confirmation_template
|
||
|
||
Path to a custom template, used by the ``delete_selected`` action method
|
||
for displaying a confirmation page when deleting one or more objects. See
|
||
the :doc:`actions documentation</ref/contrib/admin/actions>`.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: ModelAdmin.object_history_template
|
||
|
||
Path to a custom template, used by :meth:`history_view`.
|
||
|
||
|
||
.. _model-admin-methods:
|
||
|
||
``ModelAdmin`` methods
|
||
----------------------
|
||
|
||
.. warning::
|
||
|
||
:meth:`ModelAdmin.save_model` and :meth:`ModelAdmin.delete_model` must
|
||
save/delete the object, they are not for veto purposes, rather they allow
|
||
you to perform extra operations.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.save_model(request, obj, form, change)
|
||
|
||
The ``save_model`` method is given the ``HttpRequest``, a model instance,
|
||
a ``ModelForm`` instance and a boolean value based on whether it is adding
|
||
or changing the object. Here you can do any pre- or post-save operations.
|
||
|
||
For example to attach ``request.user`` to the object prior to saving::
|
||
|
||
from django.contrib import admin
|
||
|
||
class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change):
|
||
obj.user = request.user
|
||
obj.save()
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.delete_model(request, obj)
|
||
|
||
The ``delete_model`` method is given the ``HttpRequest`` and a model
|
||
instance. Use this method to do pre- or post-delete operations.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.save_formset(request, form, formset, change)
|
||
|
||
The ``save_formset`` method is given the ``HttpRequest``, the parent
|
||
``ModelForm`` instance and a boolean value based on whether it is adding or
|
||
changing the parent object.
|
||
|
||
For example, to attach ``request.user`` to each changed formset
|
||
model instance::
|
||
|
||
class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
def save_formset(self, request, form, formset, change):
|
||
instances = formset.save(commit=False)
|
||
for obj in formset.deleted_objects:
|
||
obj.delete()
|
||
for instance in instances:
|
||
instance.user = request.user
|
||
instance.save()
|
||
formset.save_m2m()
|
||
|
||
See also :ref:`saving-objects-in-the-formset`.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_ordering(request)
|
||
|
||
The ``get_ordering`` method takes a ``request`` as parameter and
|
||
is expected to return a ``list`` or ``tuple`` for ordering similar
|
||
to the :attr:`ordering` attribute. For example::
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
|
||
def get_ordering(self, request):
|
||
if request.user.is_superuser:
|
||
return ['name', 'rank']
|
||
else:
|
||
return ['name']
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_search_results(request, queryset, search_term)
|
||
|
||
The ``get_search_results`` method modifies the list of objects displayed
|
||
into those that match the provided search term. It accepts the request, a
|
||
queryset that applies the current filters, and the user-provided search term.
|
||
It returns a tuple containing a queryset modified to implement the search, and
|
||
a boolean indicating if the results may contain duplicates.
|
||
|
||
The default implementation searches the fields named in :attr:`ModelAdmin.search_fields`.
|
||
|
||
This method may be overridden with your own custom search method. For
|
||
example, you might wish to search by an integer field, or use an external
|
||
tool such as Solr or Haystack. You must establish if the queryset changes
|
||
implemented by your search method may introduce duplicates into the results,
|
||
and return ``True`` in the second element of the return value.
|
||
|
||
For example, to enable search by integer field, you could use::
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
list_display = ('name', 'age')
|
||
search_fields = ('name',)
|
||
|
||
def get_search_results(self, request, queryset, search_term):
|
||
queryset, use_distinct = super(PersonAdmin, self).get_search_results(request, queryset, search_term)
|
||
try:
|
||
search_term_as_int = int(search_term)
|
||
except ValueError:
|
||
pass
|
||
else:
|
||
queryset |= self.model.objects.filter(age=search_term_as_int)
|
||
return queryset, use_distinct
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.save_related(request, form, formsets, change)
|
||
|
||
The ``save_related`` method is given the ``HttpRequest``, the parent
|
||
``ModelForm`` instance, the list of inline formsets and a boolean value
|
||
based on whether the parent is being added or changed. Here you can do any
|
||
pre- or post-save operations for objects related to the parent. Note
|
||
that at this point the parent object and its form have already been saved.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_readonly_fields(request, obj=None)
|
||
|
||
The ``get_readonly_fields`` method is given the ``HttpRequest`` and the
|
||
``obj`` being edited (or ``None`` on an add form) and is expected to return
|
||
a ``list`` or ``tuple`` of field names that will be displayed as read-only,
|
||
as described above in the :attr:`ModelAdmin.readonly_fields` section.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_prepopulated_fields(request, obj=None)
|
||
|
||
The ``get_prepopulated_fields`` method is given the ``HttpRequest`` and the
|
||
``obj`` being edited (or ``None`` on an add form) and is expected to return
|
||
a ``dictionary``, as described above in the :attr:`ModelAdmin.prepopulated_fields`
|
||
section.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_list_display(request)
|
||
|
||
The ``get_list_display`` method is given the ``HttpRequest`` and is
|
||
expected to return a ``list`` or ``tuple`` of field names that will be
|
||
displayed on the changelist view as described above in the
|
||
:attr:`ModelAdmin.list_display` section.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_list_display_links(request, list_display)
|
||
|
||
The ``get_list_display_links`` method is given the ``HttpRequest`` and
|
||
the ``list`` or ``tuple`` returned by :meth:`ModelAdmin.get_list_display`.
|
||
It is expected to return either ``None`` or a ``list`` or ``tuple`` of field
|
||
names on the changelist that will be linked to the change view, as described
|
||
in the :attr:`ModelAdmin.list_display_links` section.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_fields(request, obj=None)
|
||
|
||
The ``get_fields`` method is given the ``HttpRequest`` and the ``obj``
|
||
being edited (or ``None`` on an add form) and is expected to return a list
|
||
of fields, as described above in the :attr:`ModelAdmin.fields` section.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_fieldsets(request, obj=None)
|
||
|
||
The ``get_fieldsets`` method is given the ``HttpRequest`` and the ``obj``
|
||
being edited (or ``None`` on an add form) and is expected to return a list
|
||
of two-tuples, in which each two-tuple represents a ``<fieldset>`` on the
|
||
admin form page, as described above in the :attr:`ModelAdmin.fieldsets` section.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_list_filter(request)
|
||
|
||
The ``get_list_filter`` method is given the ``HttpRequest`` and is expected
|
||
to return the same kind of sequence type as for the
|
||
:attr:`~ModelAdmin.list_filter` attribute.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_list_select_related(request)
|
||
|
||
.. versionadded:: 1.9
|
||
|
||
The ``get_list_select_related`` method is given the ``HttpRequest`` and
|
||
should return a boolean or list as :attr:`ModelAdmin.list_select_related`
|
||
does.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_search_fields(request)
|
||
|
||
The ``get_search_fields`` method is given the ``HttpRequest`` and is expected
|
||
to return the same kind of sequence type as for the
|
||
:attr:`~ModelAdmin.search_fields` attribute.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_inline_instances(request, obj=None)
|
||
|
||
The ``get_inline_instances`` method is given the ``HttpRequest`` and the
|
||
``obj`` being edited (or ``None`` on an add form) and is expected to return
|
||
a ``list`` or ``tuple`` of :class:`~django.contrib.admin.InlineModelAdmin`
|
||
objects, as described below in the :class:`~django.contrib.admin.InlineModelAdmin`
|
||
section. For example, the following would return inlines without the default
|
||
filtering based on add, change, and delete permissions::
|
||
|
||
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
inlines = (MyInline,)
|
||
|
||
def get_inline_instances(self, request, obj=None):
|
||
return [inline(self.model, self.admin_site) for inline in self.inlines]
|
||
|
||
If you override this method, make sure that the returned inlines are
|
||
instances of the classes defined in :attr:`inlines` or you might encounter
|
||
a "Bad Request" error when adding related objects.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_urls()
|
||
|
||
The ``get_urls`` method on a ``ModelAdmin`` returns the URLs to be used for
|
||
that ModelAdmin in the same way as a URLconf. Therefore you can extend
|
||
them as documented in :doc:`/topics/http/urls`::
|
||
|
||
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
def get_urls(self):
|
||
urls = super(MyModelAdmin, self).get_urls()
|
||
my_urls = [
|
||
url(r'^my_view/$', self.my_view),
|
||
]
|
||
return my_urls + urls
|
||
|
||
def my_view(self, request):
|
||
# ...
|
||
context = dict(
|
||
# Include common variables for rendering the admin template.
|
||
self.admin_site.each_context(request),
|
||
# Anything else you want in the context...
|
||
key=value,
|
||
)
|
||
return TemplateResponse(request, "sometemplate.html", context)
|
||
|
||
If you want to use the admin layout, extend from ``admin/base_site.html``:
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: html+django
|
||
|
||
{% extends "admin/base_site.html" %}
|
||
{% block content %}
|
||
...
|
||
{% endblock %}
|
||
|
||
.. note::
|
||
|
||
Notice that the custom patterns are included *before* the regular admin
|
||
URLs: the admin URL patterns are very permissive and will match nearly
|
||
anything, so you'll usually want to prepend your custom URLs to the
|
||
built-in ones.
|
||
|
||
In this example, ``my_view`` will be accessed at
|
||
``/admin/myapp/mymodel/my_view/`` (assuming the admin URLs are included
|
||
at ``/admin/``.)
|
||
|
||
However, the ``self.my_view`` function registered above suffers from two
|
||
problems:
|
||
|
||
* It will *not* perform any permission checks, so it will be accessible
|
||
to the general public.
|
||
* It will *not* provide any header details to prevent caching. This means
|
||
if the page retrieves data from the database, and caching middleware is
|
||
active, the page could show outdated information.
|
||
|
||
Since this is usually not what you want, Django provides a convenience
|
||
wrapper to check permissions and mark the view as non-cacheable. This
|
||
wrapper is ``AdminSite.admin_view()`` (i.e. ``self.admin_site.admin_view``
|
||
inside a ``ModelAdmin`` instance); use it like so::
|
||
|
||
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
def get_urls(self):
|
||
urls = super(MyModelAdmin, self).get_urls()
|
||
my_urls = [
|
||
url(r'^my_view/$', self.admin_site.admin_view(self.my_view))
|
||
]
|
||
return my_urls + urls
|
||
|
||
Notice the wrapped view in the fifth line above::
|
||
|
||
url(r'^my_view/$', self.admin_site.admin_view(self.my_view))
|
||
|
||
This wrapping will protect ``self.my_view`` from unauthorized access and
|
||
will apply the :func:`django.views.decorators.cache.never_cache` decorator to
|
||
make sure it is not cached if the cache middleware is active.
|
||
|
||
If the page is cacheable, but you still want the permission check to be
|
||
performed, you can pass a ``cacheable=True`` argument to
|
||
``AdminSite.admin_view()``::
|
||
|
||
url(r'^my_view/$', self.admin_site.admin_view(self.my_view, cacheable=True))
|
||
|
||
.. versionadded:: 1.9
|
||
|
||
``ModelAdmin`` views have ``model_admin`` attributes. Other
|
||
``AdminSite`` views have ``admin_site`` attributes.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_form(request, obj=None, **kwargs)
|
||
|
||
Returns a :class:`~django.forms.ModelForm` class for use in the admin add
|
||
and change views, see :meth:`add_view` and :meth:`change_view`.
|
||
|
||
The base implementation uses :func:`~django.forms.models.modelform_factory`
|
||
to subclass :attr:`~form`, modified by attributes such as :attr:`~fields`
|
||
and :attr:`~exclude`. So, for example, if you wanted to offer additional
|
||
fields to superusers, you could swap in a different base form like so::
|
||
|
||
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
def get_form(self, request, obj=None, **kwargs):
|
||
if request.user.is_superuser:
|
||
kwargs['form'] = MySuperuserForm
|
||
return super(MyModelAdmin, self).get_form(request, obj, **kwargs)
|
||
|
||
You may also simply return a custom :class:`~django.forms.ModelForm` class
|
||
directly.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_formsets_with_inlines(request, obj=None)
|
||
|
||
Yields (``FormSet``, :class:`InlineModelAdmin`) pairs for use in admin add
|
||
and change views.
|
||
|
||
For example if you wanted to display a particular inline only in the change
|
||
view, you could override ``get_formsets_with_inlines`` as follows::
|
||
|
||
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
inlines = [MyInline, SomeOtherInline]
|
||
|
||
def get_formsets_with_inlines(self, request, obj=None):
|
||
for inline in self.get_inline_instances(request, obj):
|
||
# hide MyInline in the add view
|
||
if isinstance(inline, MyInline) and obj is None:
|
||
continue
|
||
yield inline.get_formset(request, obj), inline
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request, **kwargs)
|
||
|
||
The ``formfield_for_foreignkey`` method on a ``ModelAdmin`` allows you to
|
||
override the default formfield for a foreign keys field. For example, to
|
||
return a subset of objects for this foreign key field based on the user::
|
||
|
||
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
def formfield_for_foreignkey(self, db_field, request, **kwargs):
|
||
if db_field.name == "car":
|
||
kwargs["queryset"] = Car.objects.filter(owner=request.user)
|
||
return super(MyModelAdmin, self).formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request, **kwargs)
|
||
|
||
This uses the ``HttpRequest`` instance to filter the ``Car`` foreign key
|
||
field to only display the cars owned by the ``User`` instance.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.formfield_for_manytomany(db_field, request, **kwargs)
|
||
|
||
Like the ``formfield_for_foreignkey`` method, the
|
||
``formfield_for_manytomany`` method can be overridden to change the
|
||
default formfield for a many to many field. For example, if an owner can
|
||
own multiple cars and cars can belong to multiple owners -- a many to
|
||
many relationship -- you could filter the ``Car`` foreign key field to
|
||
only display the cars owned by the ``User``::
|
||
|
||
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
def formfield_for_manytomany(self, db_field, request, **kwargs):
|
||
if db_field.name == "cars":
|
||
kwargs["queryset"] = Car.objects.filter(owner=request.user)
|
||
return super(MyModelAdmin, self).formfield_for_manytomany(db_field, request, **kwargs)
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.formfield_for_choice_field(db_field, request, **kwargs)
|
||
|
||
Like the ``formfield_for_foreignkey`` and ``formfield_for_manytomany``
|
||
methods, the ``formfield_for_choice_field`` method can be overridden to
|
||
change the default formfield for a field that has declared choices. For
|
||
example, if the choices available to a superuser should be different than
|
||
those available to regular staff, you could proceed as follows::
|
||
|
||
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
def formfield_for_choice_field(self, db_field, request, **kwargs):
|
||
if db_field.name == "status":
|
||
kwargs['choices'] = (
|
||
('accepted', 'Accepted'),
|
||
('denied', 'Denied'),
|
||
)
|
||
if request.user.is_superuser:
|
||
kwargs['choices'] += (('ready', 'Ready for deployment'),)
|
||
return super(MyModelAdmin, self).formfield_for_choice_field(db_field, request, **kwargs)
|
||
|
||
.. admonition:: Note
|
||
|
||
Any ``choices`` attribute set on the formfield will be limited to the
|
||
form field only. If the corresponding field on the model has choices
|
||
set, the choices provided to the form must be a valid subset of those
|
||
choices, otherwise the form submission will fail with
|
||
a :exc:`~django.core.exceptions.ValidationError` when the model itself
|
||
is validated before saving.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_changelist(request, **kwargs)
|
||
|
||
Returns the ``Changelist`` class to be used for listing. By default,
|
||
``django.contrib.admin.views.main.ChangeList`` is used. By inheriting this
|
||
class you can change the behavior of the listing.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_changelist_form(request, **kwargs)
|
||
|
||
Returns a :class:`~django.forms.ModelForm` class for use in the ``Formset``
|
||
on the changelist page. To use a custom form, for example::
|
||
|
||
from django import forms
|
||
|
||
class MyForm(forms.ModelForm):
|
||
pass
|
||
|
||
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
def get_changelist_form(self, request, **kwargs):
|
||
return MyForm
|
||
|
||
.. admonition:: Note
|
||
|
||
If you define the ``Meta.model`` attribute on a
|
||
:class:`~django.forms.ModelForm`, you must also define the
|
||
``Meta.fields`` attribute (or the ``Meta.exclude`` attribute). However,
|
||
``ModelAdmin`` ignores this value, overriding it with the
|
||
:attr:`ModelAdmin.list_editable` attribute. The easiest solution is to
|
||
omit the ``Meta.model`` attribute, since ``ModelAdmin`` will provide the
|
||
correct model to use.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_changelist_formset(request, **kwargs)
|
||
|
||
Returns a :ref:`ModelFormSet <model-formsets>` class for use on the
|
||
changelist page if :attr:`~ModelAdmin.list_editable` is used. To use a
|
||
custom formset, for example::
|
||
|
||
from django.forms import BaseModelFormSet
|
||
|
||
class MyAdminFormSet(BaseModelFormSet):
|
||
pass
|
||
|
||
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
def get_changelist_formset(self, request, **kwargs):
|
||
kwargs['formset'] = MyAdminFormSet
|
||
return super(MyModelAdmin, self).get_changelist_formset(request, **kwargs)
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.has_add_permission(request)
|
||
|
||
Should return ``True`` if adding an object is permitted, ``False``
|
||
otherwise.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.has_change_permission(request, obj=None)
|
||
|
||
Should return ``True`` if editing obj is permitted, ``False`` otherwise.
|
||
If obj is ``None``, should return ``True`` or ``False`` to indicate whether
|
||
editing of objects of this type is permitted in general (e.g., ``False``
|
||
will be interpreted as meaning that the current user is not permitted to
|
||
edit any object of this type).
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.has_delete_permission(request, obj=None)
|
||
|
||
Should return ``True`` if deleting obj is permitted, ``False`` otherwise.
|
||
If obj is ``None``, should return ``True`` or ``False`` to indicate whether
|
||
deleting objects of this type is permitted in general (e.g., ``False`` will
|
||
be interpreted as meaning that the current user is not permitted to delete
|
||
any object of this type).
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.has_module_permission(request)
|
||
|
||
Should return ``True`` if displaying the module on the admin index page and
|
||
accessing the module's index page is permitted, ``False`` otherwise.
|
||
Uses :meth:`User.has_module_perms()
|
||
<django.contrib.auth.models.User.has_module_perms>` by default. Overriding
|
||
it does not restrict access to the add, change or delete views,
|
||
:meth:`~ModelAdmin.has_add_permission`,
|
||
:meth:`~ModelAdmin.has_change_permission`, and
|
||
:meth:`~ModelAdmin.has_delete_permission` should be used for that.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_queryset(request)
|
||
|
||
The ``get_queryset`` method on a ``ModelAdmin`` returns a
|
||
:class:`~django.db.models.query.QuerySet` of all model instances that
|
||
can be edited by the admin site. One use case for overriding this method
|
||
is to show objects owned by the logged-in user::
|
||
|
||
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
def get_queryset(self, request):
|
||
qs = super(MyModelAdmin, self).get_queryset(request)
|
||
if request.user.is_superuser:
|
||
return qs
|
||
return qs.filter(author=request.user)
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.message_user(request, message, level=messages.INFO, extra_tags='', fail_silently=False)
|
||
|
||
Sends a message to the user using the :mod:`django.contrib.messages`
|
||
backend. See the :ref:`custom ModelAdmin example <custom-admin-action>`.
|
||
|
||
Keyword arguments allow you to change the message level, add extra CSS
|
||
tags, or fail silently if the ``contrib.messages`` framework is not
|
||
installed. These keyword arguments match those for
|
||
:func:`django.contrib.messages.add_message`, see that function's
|
||
documentation for more details. One difference is that the level may be
|
||
passed as a string label in addition to integer/constant.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_paginator(request, queryset, per_page, orphans=0, allow_empty_first_page=True)
|
||
|
||
Returns an instance of the paginator to use for this view. By default,
|
||
instantiates an instance of :attr:`paginator`.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.response_add(request, obj, post_url_continue=None)
|
||
|
||
Determines the :class:`~django.http.HttpResponse` for the
|
||
:meth:`add_view` stage.
|
||
|
||
``response_add`` is called after the admin form is submitted and
|
||
just after the object and all the related instances have
|
||
been created and saved. You can override it to change the default behavior
|
||
after the object has been created.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.response_change(request, obj)
|
||
|
||
Determines the :class:`~django.http.HttpResponse` for the
|
||
:meth:`change_view` stage.
|
||
|
||
``response_change`` is called after the admin form is submitted and
|
||
just after the object and all the related instances have
|
||
been saved. You can override it to change the default
|
||
behavior after the object has been changed.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.response_delete(request, obj_display, obj_id)
|
||
|
||
Determines the :class:`~django.http.HttpResponse` for the
|
||
:meth:`delete_view` stage.
|
||
|
||
``response_delete`` is called after the object has been
|
||
deleted. You can override it to change the default
|
||
behavior after the object has been deleted.
|
||
|
||
``obj_display`` is a string with the name of the deleted
|
||
object.
|
||
|
||
``obj_id`` is the serialized identifier used to retrieve the object to be
|
||
deleted.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.get_changeform_initial_data(request)
|
||
|
||
A hook for the initial data on admin change forms. By default, fields are
|
||
given initial values from ``GET`` parameters. For instance,
|
||
``?name=initial_value`` will set the ``name`` field's initial value to be
|
||
``initial_value``.
|
||
|
||
This method should return a dictionary in the form
|
||
``{'fieldname': 'fieldval'}``::
|
||
|
||
def get_changeform_initial_data(self, request):
|
||
return {'name': 'custom_initial_value'}
|
||
|
||
Other methods
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.add_view(request, form_url='', extra_context=None)
|
||
|
||
Django view for the model instance addition page. See note below.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.change_view(request, object_id, form_url='', extra_context=None)
|
||
|
||
Django view for the model instance edition page. See note below.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.changelist_view(request, extra_context=None)
|
||
|
||
Django view for the model instances change list/actions page. See note
|
||
below.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.delete_view(request, object_id, extra_context=None)
|
||
|
||
Django view for the model instance(s) deletion confirmation page. See note
|
||
below.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: ModelAdmin.history_view(request, object_id, extra_context=None)
|
||
|
||
Django view for the page that shows the modification history for a given
|
||
model instance.
|
||
|
||
Unlike the hook-type ``ModelAdmin`` methods detailed in the previous section,
|
||
these five methods are in reality designed to be invoked as Django views from
|
||
the admin application URL dispatching handler to render the pages that deal
|
||
with model instances CRUD operations. As a result, completely overriding these
|
||
methods will significantly change the behavior of the admin application.
|
||
|
||
One common reason for overriding these methods is to augment the context data
|
||
that is provided to the template that renders the view. In the following
|
||
example, the change view is overridden so that the rendered template is
|
||
provided some extra mapping data that would not otherwise be available::
|
||
|
||
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
|
||
# A template for a very customized change view:
|
||
change_form_template = 'admin/myapp/extras/openstreetmap_change_form.html'
|
||
|
||
def get_osm_info(self):
|
||
# ...
|
||
pass
|
||
|
||
def change_view(self, request, object_id, form_url='', extra_context=None):
|
||
extra_context = extra_context or {}
|
||
extra_context['osm_data'] = self.get_osm_info()
|
||
return super(MyModelAdmin, self).change_view(request, object_id,
|
||
form_url, extra_context=extra_context)
|
||
|
||
These views return :class:`~django.template.response.TemplateResponse`
|
||
instances which allow you to easily customize the response data before
|
||
rendering. For more details, see the :doc:`TemplateResponse documentation
|
||
</ref/template-response>`.
|
||
|
||
.. _modeladmin-asset-definitions:
|
||
|
||
``ModelAdmin`` asset definitions
|
||
--------------------------------
|
||
|
||
There are times where you would like add a bit of CSS and/or JavaScript to
|
||
the add/change views. This can be accomplished by using a ``Media`` inner class
|
||
on your ``ModelAdmin``::
|
||
|
||
class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
class Media:
|
||
css = {
|
||
"all": ("my_styles.css",)
|
||
}
|
||
js = ("my_code.js",)
|
||
|
||
The :doc:`staticfiles app </ref/contrib/staticfiles>` prepends
|
||
:setting:`STATIC_URL` (or :setting:`MEDIA_URL` if :setting:`STATIC_URL` is
|
||
``None``) to any asset paths. The same rules apply as :ref:`regular asset
|
||
definitions on forms <form-asset-paths>`.
|
||
|
||
.. _contrib-admin-jquery:
|
||
|
||
jQuery
|
||
~~~~~~
|
||
|
||
Django admin JavaScript makes use of the `jQuery`_ library.
|
||
|
||
To avoid conflicts with user-supplied scripts or libraries, Django's jQuery
|
||
(version 2.1.4) is namespaced as ``django.jQuery``. If you want to use jQuery
|
||
in your own admin JavaScript without including a second copy, you can use the
|
||
``django.jQuery`` object on changelist and add/edit views.
|
||
|
||
.. versionchanged:: 1.9
|
||
|
||
The embedded jQuery has been upgraded from 1.11.2 to 2.1.4. This drops
|
||
support for Internet Explorer 8 and below. You can restore support by
|
||
:ref:`including your own version of jQuery 1.X <admin-browser-support-19>`.
|
||
|
||
The :class:`ModelAdmin` class requires jQuery by default, so there is no need
|
||
to add jQuery to your ``ModelAdmin``’s list of media resources unless you have
|
||
a specific need. For example, if you require the jQuery library to be in the
|
||
global namespace (for example when using third-party jQuery plugins) or if you
|
||
need a newer version of jQuery, you will have to include your own copy.
|
||
|
||
Django provides both uncompressed and 'minified' versions of jQuery, as
|
||
``jquery.js`` and ``jquery.min.js`` respectively.
|
||
|
||
:class:`ModelAdmin` and :class:`InlineModelAdmin` have a ``media`` property
|
||
that returns a list of ``Media`` objects which store paths to the JavaScript
|
||
files for the forms and/or formsets. If :setting:`DEBUG` is ``True`` it will
|
||
return the uncompressed versions of the various JavaScript files, including
|
||
``jquery.js``; if not, it will return the 'minified' versions.
|
||
|
||
.. _jQuery: https://jquery.com
|
||
|
||
.. _admin-custom-validation:
|
||
|
||
Adding custom validation to the admin
|
||
-------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
Adding custom validation of data in the admin is quite easy. The automatic
|
||
admin interface reuses :mod:`django.forms`, and the ``ModelAdmin`` class gives
|
||
you the ability define your own form::
|
||
|
||
class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
form = MyArticleAdminForm
|
||
|
||
``MyArticleAdminForm`` can be defined anywhere as long as you import where
|
||
needed. Now within your form you can add your own custom validation for
|
||
any field::
|
||
|
||
class MyArticleAdminForm(forms.ModelForm):
|
||
def clean_name(self):
|
||
# do something that validates your data
|
||
return self.cleaned_data["name"]
|
||
|
||
It is important you use a ``ModelForm`` here otherwise things can break. See
|
||
the :doc:`forms </ref/forms/index>` documentation on :doc:`custom validation
|
||
</ref/forms/validation>` and, more specifically, the
|
||
:ref:`model form validation notes <overriding-modelform-clean-method>` for more
|
||
information.
|
||
|
||
.. _admin-inlines:
|
||
|
||
``InlineModelAdmin`` objects
|
||
============================
|
||
|
||
.. class:: InlineModelAdmin
|
||
.. class:: TabularInline
|
||
.. class:: StackedInline
|
||
|
||
The admin interface has the ability to edit models on the same page as a
|
||
parent model. These are called inlines. Suppose you have these two models::
|
||
|
||
from django.db import models
|
||
|
||
class Author(models.Model):
|
||
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
|
||
|
||
class Book(models.Model):
|
||
author = models.ForeignKey(Author, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
|
||
title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
|
||
|
||
You can edit the books authored by an author on the author page. You add
|
||
inlines to a model by specifying them in a ``ModelAdmin.inlines``::
|
||
|
||
from django.contrib import admin
|
||
|
||
class BookInline(admin.TabularInline):
|
||
model = Book
|
||
|
||
class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
inlines = [
|
||
BookInline,
|
||
]
|
||
|
||
Django provides two subclasses of ``InlineModelAdmin`` and they are:
|
||
|
||
* :class:`~django.contrib.admin.TabularInline`
|
||
* :class:`~django.contrib.admin.StackedInline`
|
||
|
||
The difference between these two is merely the template used to render
|
||
them.
|
||
|
||
``InlineModelAdmin`` options
|
||
-----------------------------
|
||
|
||
``InlineModelAdmin`` shares many of the same features as ``ModelAdmin``, and
|
||
adds some of its own (the shared features are actually defined in the
|
||
``BaseModelAdmin`` superclass). The shared features are:
|
||
|
||
- :attr:`~InlineModelAdmin.form`
|
||
- :attr:`~ModelAdmin.fieldsets`
|
||
- :attr:`~ModelAdmin.fields`
|
||
- :attr:`~ModelAdmin.formfield_overrides`
|
||
- :attr:`~ModelAdmin.exclude`
|
||
- :attr:`~ModelAdmin.filter_horizontal`
|
||
- :attr:`~ModelAdmin.filter_vertical`
|
||
- :attr:`~ModelAdmin.ordering`
|
||
- :attr:`~ModelAdmin.prepopulated_fields`
|
||
- :meth:`~ModelAdmin.get_queryset`
|
||
- :attr:`~ModelAdmin.radio_fields`
|
||
- :attr:`~ModelAdmin.readonly_fields`
|
||
- :attr:`~InlineModelAdmin.raw_id_fields`
|
||
- :meth:`~ModelAdmin.formfield_for_choice_field`
|
||
- :meth:`~ModelAdmin.formfield_for_foreignkey`
|
||
- :meth:`~ModelAdmin.formfield_for_manytomany`
|
||
- :meth:`~ModelAdmin.has_add_permission`
|
||
- :meth:`~ModelAdmin.has_change_permission`
|
||
- :meth:`~ModelAdmin.has_delete_permission`
|
||
- :meth:`~ModelAdmin.has_module_permission`
|
||
|
||
The ``InlineModelAdmin`` class adds:
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: InlineModelAdmin.model
|
||
|
||
The model which the inline is using. This is required.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: InlineModelAdmin.fk_name
|
||
|
||
The name of the foreign key on the model. In most cases this will be dealt
|
||
with automatically, but ``fk_name`` must be specified explicitly if there
|
||
are more than one foreign key to the same parent model.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: InlineModelAdmin.formset
|
||
|
||
This defaults to :class:`~django.forms.models.BaseInlineFormSet`. Using
|
||
your own formset can give you many possibilities of customization. Inlines
|
||
are built around :ref:`model formsets <model-formsets>`.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: InlineModelAdmin.form
|
||
|
||
The value for ``form`` defaults to ``ModelForm``. This is what is passed
|
||
through to :func:`~django.forms.models.inlineformset_factory` when
|
||
creating the formset for this inline.
|
||
|
||
.. warning::
|
||
When writing custom validation for ``InlineModelAdmin`` forms, be cautious
|
||
of writing validation that relies on features of the parent model. If the
|
||
parent model fails to validate, it may be left in an inconsistent state as
|
||
described in the warning in :ref:`validation-on-modelform`.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: InlineModelAdmin.extra
|
||
|
||
This controls the number of extra forms the formset will display in
|
||
addition to the initial forms. See the
|
||
:doc:`formsets documentation </topics/forms/formsets>` for more
|
||
information.
|
||
|
||
For users with JavaScript-enabled browsers, an "Add another" link is
|
||
provided to enable any number of additional inlines to be added in addition
|
||
to those provided as a result of the ``extra`` argument.
|
||
|
||
The dynamic link will not appear if the number of currently displayed forms
|
||
exceeds ``max_num``, or if the user does not have JavaScript enabled.
|
||
|
||
:meth:`InlineModelAdmin.get_extra` also allows you to customize the number
|
||
of extra forms.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: InlineModelAdmin.max_num
|
||
|
||
This controls the maximum number of forms to show in the inline. This
|
||
doesn't directly correlate to the number of objects, but can if the value
|
||
is small enough. See :ref:`model-formsets-max-num` for more information.
|
||
|
||
:meth:`InlineModelAdmin.get_max_num` also allows you to customize the
|
||
maximum number of extra forms.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: InlineModelAdmin.min_num
|
||
|
||
This controls the minimum number of forms to show in the inline.
|
||
See :func:`~django.forms.models.modelformset_factory` for more information.
|
||
|
||
:meth:`InlineModelAdmin.get_min_num` also allows you to customize the
|
||
minimum number of displayed forms.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: InlineModelAdmin.raw_id_fields
|
||
|
||
By default, Django's admin uses a select-box interface (<select>) for
|
||
fields that are ``ForeignKey``. Sometimes you don't want to incur the
|
||
overhead of having to select all the related instances to display in the
|
||
drop-down.
|
||
|
||
``raw_id_fields`` is a list of fields you would like to change into an
|
||
``Input`` widget for either a ``ForeignKey`` or ``ManyToManyField``::
|
||
|
||
class BookInline(admin.TabularInline):
|
||
model = Book
|
||
raw_id_fields = ("pages",)
|
||
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: InlineModelAdmin.template
|
||
|
||
The template used to render the inline on the page.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: InlineModelAdmin.verbose_name
|
||
|
||
An override to the ``verbose_name`` found in the model's inner ``Meta``
|
||
class.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: InlineModelAdmin.verbose_name_plural
|
||
|
||
An override to the ``verbose_name_plural`` found in the model's inner
|
||
``Meta`` class.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: InlineModelAdmin.can_delete
|
||
|
||
Specifies whether or not inline objects can be deleted in the inline.
|
||
Defaults to ``True``.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: InlineModelAdmin.show_change_link
|
||
|
||
Specifies whether or not inline objects that can be changed in the
|
||
admin have a link to the change form. Defaults to ``False``.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: InlineModelAdmin.get_formset(request, obj=None, **kwargs)
|
||
|
||
Returns a :class:`~django.forms.models.BaseInlineFormSet` class for use in
|
||
admin add/change views. See the example for
|
||
:class:`ModelAdmin.get_formsets_with_inlines`.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: InlineModelAdmin.get_extra(request, obj=None, **kwargs)
|
||
|
||
Returns the number of extra inline forms to use. By default, returns the
|
||
:attr:`InlineModelAdmin.extra` attribute.
|
||
|
||
Override this method to programmatically determine the number of extra
|
||
inline forms. For example, this may be based on the model instance
|
||
(passed as the keyword argument ``obj``)::
|
||
|
||
class BinaryTreeAdmin(admin.TabularInline):
|
||
model = BinaryTree
|
||
|
||
def get_extra(self, request, obj=None, **kwargs):
|
||
extra = 2
|
||
if obj:
|
||
return extra - obj.binarytree_set.count()
|
||
return extra
|
||
|
||
.. method:: InlineModelAdmin.get_max_num(request, obj=None, **kwargs)
|
||
|
||
Returns the maximum number of extra inline forms to use. By default,
|
||
returns the :attr:`InlineModelAdmin.max_num` attribute.
|
||
|
||
Override this method to programmatically determine the maximum number of
|
||
inline forms. For example, this may be based on the model instance
|
||
(passed as the keyword argument ``obj``)::
|
||
|
||
class BinaryTreeAdmin(admin.TabularInline):
|
||
model = BinaryTree
|
||
|
||
def get_max_num(self, request, obj=None, **kwargs):
|
||
max_num = 10
|
||
if obj.parent:
|
||
return max_num - 5
|
||
return max_num
|
||
|
||
.. method:: InlineModelAdmin.get_min_num(request, obj=None, **kwargs)
|
||
|
||
Returns the minimum number of inline forms to use. By default,
|
||
returns the :attr:`InlineModelAdmin.min_num` attribute.
|
||
|
||
Override this method to programmatically determine the minimum number of
|
||
inline forms. For example, this may be based on the model instance
|
||
(passed as the keyword argument ``obj``).
|
||
|
||
Working with a model with two or more foreign keys to the same parent model
|
||
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
It is sometimes possible to have more than one foreign key to the same model.
|
||
Take this model for instance::
|
||
|
||
from django.db import models
|
||
|
||
class Friendship(models.Model):
|
||
to_person = models.ForeignKey(Person, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="friends")
|
||
from_person = models.ForeignKey(Person, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="from_friends")
|
||
|
||
If you wanted to display an inline on the ``Person`` admin add/change pages
|
||
you need to explicitly define the foreign key since it is unable to do so
|
||
automatically::
|
||
|
||
from django.contrib import admin
|
||
from myapp.models import Friendship
|
||
|
||
class FriendshipInline(admin.TabularInline):
|
||
model = Friendship
|
||
fk_name = "to_person"
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
inlines = [
|
||
FriendshipInline,
|
||
]
|
||
|
||
Working with many-to-many models
|
||
--------------------------------
|
||
|
||
By default, admin widgets for many-to-many relations will be displayed
|
||
on whichever model contains the actual reference to the
|
||
:class:`~django.db.models.ManyToManyField`. Depending on your ``ModelAdmin``
|
||
definition, each many-to-many field in your model will be represented by a
|
||
standard HTML ``<select multiple>``, a horizontal or vertical filter, or a
|
||
``raw_id_admin`` widget. However, it is also possible to replace these
|
||
widgets with inlines.
|
||
|
||
Suppose we have the following models::
|
||
|
||
from django.db import models
|
||
|
||
class Person(models.Model):
|
||
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
|
||
|
||
class Group(models.Model):
|
||
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
|
||
members = models.ManyToManyField(Person, related_name='groups')
|
||
|
||
If you want to display many-to-many relations using an inline, you can do
|
||
so by defining an ``InlineModelAdmin`` object for the relationship::
|
||
|
||
from django.contrib import admin
|
||
|
||
class MembershipInline(admin.TabularInline):
|
||
model = Group.members.through
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
inlines = [
|
||
MembershipInline,
|
||
]
|
||
|
||
class GroupAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
inlines = [
|
||
MembershipInline,
|
||
]
|
||
exclude = ('members',)
|
||
|
||
There are two features worth noting in this example.
|
||
|
||
Firstly - the ``MembershipInline`` class references ``Group.members.through``.
|
||
The ``through`` attribute is a reference to the model that manages the
|
||
many-to-many relation. This model is automatically created by Django when you
|
||
define a many-to-many field.
|
||
|
||
Secondly, the ``GroupAdmin`` must manually exclude the ``members`` field.
|
||
Django displays an admin widget for a many-to-many field on the model that
|
||
defines the relation (in this case, ``Group``). If you want to use an inline
|
||
model to represent the many-to-many relationship, you must tell Django's admin
|
||
to *not* display this widget - otherwise you will end up with two widgets on
|
||
your admin page for managing the relation.
|
||
|
||
Note that when using this technique the
|
||
:data:`~django.db.models.signals.m2m_changed` signals aren't triggered. This
|
||
is because as far as the admin is concerned, ``through`` is just a model with
|
||
two foreign key fields rather than a many-to-many relation.
|
||
|
||
In all other respects, the ``InlineModelAdmin`` is exactly the same as any
|
||
other. You can customize the appearance using any of the normal
|
||
``ModelAdmin`` properties.
|
||
|
||
Working with many-to-many intermediary models
|
||
---------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
When you specify an intermediary model using the ``through`` argument to a
|
||
:class:`~django.db.models.ManyToManyField`, the admin will not display a
|
||
widget by default. This is because each instance of that intermediary model
|
||
requires more information than could be displayed in a single widget, and the
|
||
layout required for multiple widgets will vary depending on the intermediate
|
||
model.
|
||
|
||
However, we still want to be able to edit that information inline. Fortunately,
|
||
this is easy to do with inline admin models. Suppose we have the following
|
||
models::
|
||
|
||
from django.db import models
|
||
|
||
class Person(models.Model):
|
||
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
|
||
|
||
class Group(models.Model):
|
||
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
|
||
members = models.ManyToManyField(Person, through='Membership')
|
||
|
||
class Membership(models.Model):
|
||
person = models.ForeignKey(Person, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
|
||
group = models.ForeignKey(Group, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
|
||
date_joined = models.DateField()
|
||
invite_reason = models.CharField(max_length=64)
|
||
|
||
The first step in displaying this intermediate model in the admin is to
|
||
define an inline class for the ``Membership`` model::
|
||
|
||
class MembershipInline(admin.TabularInline):
|
||
model = Membership
|
||
extra = 1
|
||
|
||
This simple example uses the default ``InlineModelAdmin`` values for the
|
||
``Membership`` model, and limits the extra add forms to one. This could be
|
||
customized using any of the options available to ``InlineModelAdmin`` classes.
|
||
|
||
Now create admin views for the ``Person`` and ``Group`` models::
|
||
|
||
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
inlines = (MembershipInline,)
|
||
|
||
class GroupAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
inlines = (MembershipInline,)
|
||
|
||
Finally, register your ``Person`` and ``Group`` models with the admin site::
|
||
|
||
admin.site.register(Person, PersonAdmin)
|
||
admin.site.register(Group, GroupAdmin)
|
||
|
||
Now your admin site is set up to edit ``Membership`` objects inline from
|
||
either the ``Person`` or the ``Group`` detail pages.
|
||
|
||
.. _using-generic-relations-as-an-inline:
|
||
|
||
Using generic relations as an inline
|
||
------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
It is possible to use an inline with generically related objects. Let's say
|
||
you have the following models::
|
||
|
||
from django.db import models
|
||
from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey
|
||
|
||
class Image(models.Model):
|
||
image = models.ImageField(upload_to="images")
|
||
content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
|
||
object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField()
|
||
content_object = GenericForeignKey("content_type", "object_id")
|
||
|
||
class Product(models.Model):
|
||
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
|
||
|
||
If you want to allow editing and creating an ``Image`` instance on the
|
||
``Product``, add/change views you can use
|
||
:class:`~django.contrib.contenttypes.admin.GenericTabularInline`
|
||
or :class:`~django.contrib.contenttypes.admin.GenericStackedInline` (both
|
||
subclasses of :class:`~django.contrib.contenttypes.admin.GenericInlineModelAdmin`)
|
||
provided by :mod:`~django.contrib.contenttypes.admin`. They implement tabular
|
||
and stacked visual layouts for the forms representing the inline objects,
|
||
respectively, just like their non-generic counterparts. They behave just like
|
||
any other inline. In your ``admin.py`` for this example app::
|
||
|
||
from django.contrib import admin
|
||
from django.contrib.contenttypes.admin import GenericTabularInline
|
||
|
||
from myproject.myapp.models import Image, Product
|
||
|
||
class ImageInline(GenericTabularInline):
|
||
model = Image
|
||
|
||
class ProductAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
|
||
inlines = [
|
||
ImageInline,
|
||
]
|
||
|
||
admin.site.register(Product, ProductAdmin)
|
||
|
||
See the :doc:`contenttypes documentation </ref/contrib/contenttypes>` for more
|
||
specific information.
|
||
|
||
.. _admin-overriding-templates:
|
||
|
||
Overriding admin templates
|
||
==========================
|
||
|
||
It is relatively easy to override many of the templates which the admin module
|
||
uses to generate the various pages of an admin site. You can even override a
|
||
few of these templates for a specific app, or a specific model.
|
||
|
||
Set up your projects admin template directories
|
||
-----------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
The admin template files are located in the ``contrib/admin/templates/admin``
|
||
directory.
|
||
|
||
In order to override one or more of them, first create an ``admin`` directory
|
||
in your project's ``templates`` directory. This can be any of the directories
|
||
you specified in the :setting:`DIRS <TEMPLATES-DIRS>` option of the
|
||
``DjangoTemplates`` backend in the :setting:`TEMPLATES` setting. If you have
|
||
customized the ``'loaders'`` option, be sure
|
||
``'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader'`` appears before
|
||
``'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader'`` so that your custom
|
||
templates will be found by the template loading system before those that are
|
||
included with :mod:`django.contrib.admin`.
|
||
|
||
Within this ``admin`` directory, create sub-directories named after your app.
|
||
Within these app subdirectories create sub-directories named after your models.
|
||
Note, that the admin app will lowercase the model name when looking for the
|
||
directory, so make sure you name the directory in all lowercase if you are
|
||
going to run your app on a case-sensitive filesystem.
|
||
|
||
To override an admin template for a specific app, copy and edit the template
|
||
from the ``django/contrib/admin/templates/admin`` directory, and save it to one
|
||
of the directories you just created.
|
||
|
||
For example, if we wanted to add a tool to the change list view for all the
|
||
models in an app named ``my_app``, we would copy
|
||
``contrib/admin/templates/admin/change_list.html`` to the
|
||
``templates/admin/my_app/`` directory of our project, and make any necessary
|
||
changes.
|
||
|
||
If we wanted to add a tool to the change list view for only a specific model
|
||
named 'Page', we would copy that same file to the
|
||
``templates/admin/my_app/page`` directory of our project.
|
||
|
||
Overriding vs. replacing an admin template
|
||
------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
Because of the modular design of the admin templates, it is usually neither
|
||
necessary nor advisable to replace an entire template. It is almost always
|
||
better to override only the section of the template which you need to change.
|
||
|
||
To continue the example above, we want to add a new link next to the
|
||
``History`` tool for the ``Page`` model. After looking at ``change_form.html``
|
||
we determine that we only need to override the ``object-tools-items`` block.
|
||
Therefore here is our new ``change_form.html`` :
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: html+django
|
||
|
||
{% extends "admin/change_form.html" %}
|
||
{% load i18n admin_urls %}
|
||
{% block object-tools-items %}
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="{% url opts|admin_urlname:'history' original.pk|admin_urlquote %}" class="historylink">{% trans "History" %}</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="mylink/" class="historylink">My Link</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
{% if has_absolute_url %}
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="{% url 'admin:view_on_site' content_type_id original.pk %}" class="viewsitelink">{% trans "View on site" %}</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
{% endif %}
|
||
{% endblock %}
|
||
|
||
And that's it! If we placed this file in the ``templates/admin/my_app``
|
||
directory, our link would appear on the change form for all models within
|
||
my_app.
|
||
|
||
Templates which may be overridden per app or model
|
||
--------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
Not every template in ``contrib/admin/templates/admin`` may be overridden per
|
||
app or per model. The following can:
|
||
|
||
* ``app_index.html``
|
||
* ``change_form.html``
|
||
* ``change_list.html``
|
||
* ``delete_confirmation.html``
|
||
* ``object_history.html``
|
||
|
||
For those templates that cannot be overridden in this way, you may still
|
||
override them for your entire project. Just place the new version in your
|
||
``templates/admin`` directory. This is particularly useful to create custom 404
|
||
and 500 pages.
|
||
|
||
.. note::
|
||
|
||
Some of the admin templates, such as ``change_list_results.html`` are used
|
||
to render custom inclusion tags. These may be overridden, but in such cases
|
||
you are probably better off creating your own version of the tag in
|
||
question and giving it a different name. That way you can use it
|
||
selectively.
|
||
|
||
Root and login templates
|
||
------------------------
|
||
|
||
If you wish to change the index, login or logout templates, you are better off
|
||
creating your own ``AdminSite`` instance (see below), and changing the
|
||
:attr:`AdminSite.index_template` , :attr:`AdminSite.login_template` or
|
||
:attr:`AdminSite.logout_template` properties.
|
||
|
||
``AdminSite`` objects
|
||
=====================
|
||
|
||
.. class:: AdminSite(name='admin')
|
||
|
||
A Django administrative site is represented by an instance of
|
||
``django.contrib.admin.sites.AdminSite``; by default, an instance of
|
||
this class is created as ``django.contrib.admin.site`` and you can
|
||
register your models and ``ModelAdmin`` instances with it.
|
||
|
||
When constructing an instance of an ``AdminSite``, you can provide
|
||
a unique instance name using the ``name`` argument to the constructor. This
|
||
instance name is used to identify the instance, especially when
|
||
:ref:`reversing admin URLs <admin-reverse-urls>`. If no instance name is
|
||
provided, a default instance name of ``admin`` will be used.
|
||
See :ref:`customizing-adminsite` for an example of customizing the
|
||
:class:`AdminSite` class.
|
||
|
||
``AdminSite`` attributes
|
||
------------------------
|
||
|
||
Templates can override or extend base admin templates as described in
|
||
:ref:`admin-overriding-templates`.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: AdminSite.site_header
|
||
|
||
The text to put at the top of each admin page, as an ``<h1>`` (a string).
|
||
By default, this is "Django administration".
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: AdminSite.site_title
|
||
|
||
The text to put at the end of each admin page's ``<title>`` (a string). By
|
||
default, this is "Django site admin".
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: AdminSite.site_url
|
||
|
||
The URL for the "View site" link at the top of each admin page. By default,
|
||
``site_url`` is ``/``. Set it to ``None`` to remove the link.
|
||
|
||
For sites running on a subpath, the :meth:`each_context` method checks if
|
||
the current request has ``request.META['SCRIPT_NAME']`` set and uses that
|
||
value if ``site_url`` isn't set to something other than ``/``.
|
||
|
||
.. versionchanged:: 1.10
|
||
|
||
The ``SCRIPT_NAME`` support described in the previous paragraph was
|
||
added.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: AdminSite.index_title
|
||
|
||
The text to put at the top of the admin index page (a string). By default,
|
||
this is "Site administration".
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: AdminSite.index_template
|
||
|
||
Path to a custom template that will be used by the admin site main index
|
||
view.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: AdminSite.app_index_template
|
||
|
||
Path to a custom template that will be used by the admin site app index view.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: AdminSite.empty_value_display
|
||
|
||
.. versionadded:: 1.9
|
||
|
||
The string to use for displaying empty values in the admin site's change
|
||
list. Defaults to a dash. The value can also be overridden on a per
|
||
``ModelAdmin`` basis and on a custom field within a ``ModelAdmin`` by
|
||
setting an ``empty_value_display`` attribute on the field. See
|
||
:attr:`ModelAdmin.empty_value_display` for examples.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: AdminSite.login_template
|
||
|
||
Path to a custom template that will be used by the admin site login view.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: AdminSite.login_form
|
||
|
||
Subclass of :class:`~django.contrib.auth.forms.AuthenticationForm` that
|
||
will be used by the admin site login view.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: AdminSite.logout_template
|
||
|
||
Path to a custom template that will be used by the admin site logout view.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: AdminSite.password_change_template
|
||
|
||
Path to a custom template that will be used by the admin site password
|
||
change view.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: AdminSite.password_change_done_template
|
||
|
||
Path to a custom template that will be used by the admin site password
|
||
change done view.
|
||
|
||
``AdminSite`` methods
|
||
---------------------
|
||
|
||
.. method:: AdminSite.each_context(request)
|
||
|
||
Returns a dictionary of variables to put in the template context for
|
||
every page in the admin site.
|
||
|
||
Includes the following variables and values by default:
|
||
|
||
* ``site_header``: :attr:`AdminSite.site_header`
|
||
* ``site_title``: :attr:`AdminSite.site_title`
|
||
* ``site_url``: :attr:`AdminSite.site_url`
|
||
* ``has_permission``: :meth:`AdminSite.has_permission`
|
||
* ``available_apps``: a list of applications from the :doc:`application registry
|
||
</ref/applications/>` available for the current user. Each entry in the
|
||
list is a dict representing an application with the following keys:
|
||
|
||
* ``app_label``: the application label
|
||
* ``app_url``: the URL of the application index in the admin
|
||
* ``has_module_perms``: a boolean indicating if displaying and accessing of
|
||
the module's index page is permitted for the current user
|
||
* ``models``: a list of the models available in the application
|
||
|
||
Each model is a dict with the following keys:
|
||
|
||
* ``object_name``: class name of the model
|
||
* ``name``: plural name of the model
|
||
* ``perms``: a ``dict`` tracking ``add``, ``change``, and ``delete`` permissions
|
||
* ``admin_url``: admin changelist URL for the model
|
||
* ``add_url``: admin URL to add a new model instance
|
||
|
||
.. versionchanged:: 1.9
|
||
|
||
The ``available_apps`` variable was added.
|
||
|
||
.. method:: AdminSite.has_permission(request)
|
||
|
||
Returns ``True`` if the user for the given ``HttpRequest`` has permission
|
||
to view at least one page in the admin site. Defaults to requiring both
|
||
:attr:`User.is_active <django.contrib.auth.models.User.is_active>` and
|
||
:attr:`User.is_staff <django.contrib.auth.models.User.is_staff>` to be
|
||
``True``.
|
||
|
||
Hooking ``AdminSite`` instances into your URLconf
|
||
-------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
The last step in setting up the Django admin is to hook your ``AdminSite``
|
||
instance into your URLconf. Do this by pointing a given URL at the
|
||
``AdminSite.urls`` method. It is not necessary to use
|
||
:func:`~django.conf.urls.include()`.
|
||
|
||
In this example, we register the default ``AdminSite`` instance
|
||
``django.contrib.admin.site`` at the URL ``/admin/`` ::
|
||
|
||
# urls.py
|
||
from django.conf.urls import url
|
||
from django.contrib import admin
|
||
|
||
urlpatterns = [
|
||
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
|
||
]
|
||
|
||
.. versionchanged:: 1.9
|
||
|
||
In previous versions, you would pass ``admin.site.urls`` to
|
||
:func:`~django.conf.urls.include()`.
|
||
|
||
.. _customizing-adminsite:
|
||
|
||
Customizing the :class:`AdminSite` class
|
||
----------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
If you'd like to set up your own admin site with custom behavior, you're free
|
||
to subclass ``AdminSite`` and override or add anything you like. Then, simply
|
||
create an instance of your ``AdminSite`` subclass (the same way you'd
|
||
instantiate any other Python class) and register your models and
|
||
``ModelAdmin`` subclasses with it instead of with the default site. Finally,
|
||
update :file:`myproject/urls.py` to reference your :class:`AdminSite` subclass.
|
||
|
||
.. snippet::
|
||
:filename: myapp/admin.py
|
||
|
||
from django.contrib.admin import AdminSite
|
||
|
||
from .models import MyModel
|
||
|
||
class MyAdminSite(AdminSite):
|
||
site_header = 'Monty Python administration'
|
||
|
||
admin_site = MyAdminSite(name='myadmin')
|
||
admin_site.register(MyModel)
|
||
|
||
|
||
.. snippet::
|
||
:filename: myproject/urls.py
|
||
|
||
from django.conf.urls import url
|
||
|
||
from myapp.admin import admin_site
|
||
|
||
urlpatterns = [
|
||
url(r'^myadmin/', admin_site.urls),
|
||
]
|
||
|
||
Note that you may not want autodiscovery of ``admin`` modules when using your
|
||
own ``AdminSite`` instance since you will likely be importing all the per-app
|
||
``admin`` modules in your ``myproject.admin`` module. This means you need to
|
||
put ``'django.contrib.admin.apps.SimpleAdminConfig'`` instead of
|
||
``'django.contrib.admin'`` in your :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` setting.
|
||
|
||
.. _multiple-admin-sites:
|
||
|
||
Multiple admin sites in the same URLconf
|
||
----------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
It's easy to create multiple instances of the admin site on the same
|
||
Django-powered website. Just create multiple instances of ``AdminSite`` and
|
||
root each one at a different URL.
|
||
|
||
In this example, the URLs ``/basic-admin/`` and ``/advanced-admin/`` feature
|
||
separate versions of the admin site -- using the ``AdminSite`` instances
|
||
``myproject.admin.basic_site`` and ``myproject.admin.advanced_site``,
|
||
respectively::
|
||
|
||
# urls.py
|
||
from django.conf.urls import url
|
||
from myproject.admin import basic_site, advanced_site
|
||
|
||
urlpatterns = [
|
||
url(r'^basic-admin/', basic_site.urls),
|
||
url(r'^advanced-admin/', advanced_site.urls),
|
||
]
|
||
|
||
``AdminSite`` instances take a single argument to their constructor, their
|
||
name, which can be anything you like. This argument becomes the prefix to the
|
||
URL names for the purposes of :ref:`reversing them<admin-reverse-urls>`. This
|
||
is only necessary if you are using more than one ``AdminSite``.
|
||
|
||
Adding views to admin sites
|
||
---------------------------
|
||
|
||
Just like :class:`ModelAdmin`, :class:`AdminSite` provides a
|
||
:meth:`~django.contrib.admin.ModelAdmin.get_urls()` method
|
||
that can be overridden to define additional views for the site. To add
|
||
a new view to your admin site, extend the base
|
||
:meth:`~django.contrib.admin.ModelAdmin.get_urls()` method to include
|
||
a pattern for your new view.
|
||
|
||
.. note::
|
||
|
||
Any view you render that uses the admin templates, or extends the base
|
||
admin template, should set ``request.current_app`` before rendering the
|
||
template. It should be set to either ``self.name`` if your view is on an
|
||
``AdminSite`` or ``self.admin_site.name`` if your view is on a
|
||
``ModelAdmin``.
|
||
|
||
.. _auth_password_reset:
|
||
|
||
Adding a password-reset feature
|
||
-------------------------------
|
||
|
||
You can add a password-reset feature to the admin site by adding a few lines to
|
||
your URLconf. Specifically, add these four patterns::
|
||
|
||
from django.contrib.auth import views as auth_views
|
||
|
||
url(r'^admin/password_reset/$', auth_views.password_reset, name='admin_password_reset'),
|
||
url(r'^admin/password_reset/done/$', auth_views.password_reset_done, name='password_reset_done'),
|
||
url(r'^reset/(?P<uidb64>[0-9A-Za-z_\-]+)/(?P<token>.+)/$', auth_views.password_reset_confirm, name='password_reset_confirm'),
|
||
url(r'^reset/done/$', auth_views.password_reset_complete, name='password_reset_complete'),
|
||
|
||
(This assumes you've added the admin at ``admin/`` and requires that you put
|
||
the URLs starting with ``^admin/`` before the line that includes the admin app
|
||
itself).
|
||
|
||
The presence of the ``admin_password_reset`` named URL will cause a "forgotten
|
||
your password?" link to appear on the default admin log-in page under the
|
||
password box.
|
||
|
||
``LogEntry`` objects
|
||
====================
|
||
|
||
.. class:: models.LogEntry
|
||
|
||
The ``LogEntry`` class tracks additions, changes, and deletions of objects
|
||
done through the admin interface.
|
||
|
||
.. currentmodule:: django.contrib.admin.models
|
||
|
||
``LogEntry`` attributes
|
||
-----------------------
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: LogEntry.action_time
|
||
|
||
The date and time of the action.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: LogEntry.user
|
||
|
||
The user (an :setting:`AUTH_USER_MODEL` instance) who performed the
|
||
action.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: LogEntry.content_type
|
||
|
||
The :class:`~django.contrib.contenttypes.models.ContentType` of the
|
||
modified object.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: LogEntry.object_id
|
||
|
||
The textual representation of the modified object's primary key.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: LogEntry.object_repr
|
||
|
||
The object`s ``repr()`` after the modification.
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: LogEntry.action_flag
|
||
|
||
The type of action logged: ``ADDITION``, ``CHANGE``, ``DELETION``.
|
||
|
||
For example, to get a list of all additions done through the admin::
|
||
|
||
from django.contrib.admin.models import LogEntry, ADDITION
|
||
|
||
LogEntry.objects.filter(action_flag=ADDITION)
|
||
|
||
.. attribute:: LogEntry.change_message
|
||
|
||
The detailed description of the modification. In the case of an edit, for
|
||
example, the message contains a list of the edited fields.
|
||
|
||
``LogEntry`` methods
|
||
--------------------
|
||
|
||
.. method:: LogEntry.get_edited_object()
|
||
|
||
A shortcut that returns the referenced object.
|
||
|
||
.. currentmodule:: django.contrib.admin
|
||
|
||
.. _admin-reverse-urls:
|
||
|
||
Reversing admin URLs
|
||
====================
|
||
|
||
When an :class:`AdminSite` is deployed, the views provided by that site are
|
||
accessible using Django's :ref:`URL reversing system <naming-url-patterns>`.
|
||
|
||
The :class:`AdminSite` provides the following named URL patterns:
|
||
|
||
========================= ======================== ==================================
|
||
Page URL name Parameters
|
||
========================= ======================== ==================================
|
||
Index ``index``
|
||
Logout ``logout``
|
||
Password change ``password_change``
|
||
Password change done ``password_change_done``
|
||
i18n JavaScript ``jsi18n``
|
||
Application index page ``app_list`` ``app_label``
|
||
Redirect to object's page ``view_on_site`` ``content_type_id``, ``object_id``
|
||
========================= ======================== ==================================
|
||
|
||
Each :class:`ModelAdmin` instance provides an additional set of named URLs:
|
||
|
||
====================== =============================================== =============
|
||
Page URL name Parameters
|
||
====================== =============================================== =============
|
||
Changelist ``{{ app_label }}_{{ model_name }}_changelist``
|
||
Add ``{{ app_label }}_{{ model_name }}_add``
|
||
History ``{{ app_label }}_{{ model_name }}_history`` ``object_id``
|
||
Delete ``{{ app_label }}_{{ model_name }}_delete`` ``object_id``
|
||
Change ``{{ app_label }}_{{ model_name }}_change`` ``object_id``
|
||
====================== =============================================== =============
|
||
|
||
The ``UserAdmin`` provides a named URL:
|
||
|
||
====================== =============================================== =============
|
||
Page URL name Parameters
|
||
====================== =============================================== =============
|
||
Password change ``auth_user_password_change`` ``user_id``
|
||
====================== =============================================== =============
|
||
|
||
These named URLs are registered with the application namespace ``admin``, and
|
||
with an instance namespace corresponding to the name of the Site instance.
|
||
|
||
So - if you wanted to get a reference to the Change view for a particular
|
||
``Choice`` object (from the polls application) in the default admin, you would
|
||
call::
|
||
|
||
>>> from django.core import urlresolvers
|
||
>>> c = Choice.objects.get(...)
|
||
>>> change_url = urlresolvers.reverse('admin:polls_choice_change', args=(c.id,))
|
||
|
||
This will find the first registered instance of the admin application
|
||
(whatever the instance name), and resolve to the view for changing
|
||
``poll.Choice`` instances in that instance.
|
||
|
||
If you want to find a URL in a specific admin instance, provide the name of
|
||
that instance as a ``current_app`` hint to the reverse call. For example,
|
||
if you specifically wanted the admin view from the admin instance named
|
||
``custom``, you would need to call::
|
||
|
||
>>> change_url = urlresolvers.reverse('admin:polls_choice_change',
|
||
... args=(c.id,), current_app='custom')
|
||
|
||
For more details, see the documentation on :ref:`reversing namespaced URLs
|
||
<topics-http-reversing-url-namespaces>`.
|
||
|
||
To allow easier reversing of the admin urls in templates, Django provides an
|
||
``admin_urlname`` filter which takes an action as argument:
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: html+django
|
||
|
||
{% load admin_urls %}
|
||
<a href="{% url opts|admin_urlname:'add' %}">Add user</a>
|
||
<a href="{% url opts|admin_urlname:'delete' user.pk %}">Delete this user</a>
|
||
|
||
The action in the examples above match the last part of the URL names for
|
||
:class:`ModelAdmin` instances described above. The ``opts`` variable can be any
|
||
object which has an ``app_label`` and ``model_name`` attributes and is usually
|
||
supplied by the admin views for the current model.
|
||
|
||
.. currentmodule:: django.contrib.admin.views.decorators
|
||
|
||
The ``staff_member_required`` decorator
|
||
=======================================
|
||
|
||
.. function:: staff_member_required(redirect_field_name='next', login_url='admin:login')
|
||
|
||
This decorator is used on the admin views that require authorization. A
|
||
view decorated with this function will having the following behavior:
|
||
|
||
* If the user is logged in, is a staff member (``User.is_staff=True``), and
|
||
is active (``User.is_active=True``), execute the view normally.
|
||
|
||
* Otherwise, the request will be redirected to the URL specified by the
|
||
``login_url`` parameter, with the originally requested path in a query
|
||
string variable specified by ``redirect_field_name``. For example:
|
||
``/admin/login/?next=/admin/polls/question/3/``.
|
||
|
||
Example usage::
|
||
|
||
from django.contrib.admin.views.decorators import staff_member_required
|
||
|
||
@staff_member_required
|
||
def my_view(request):
|
||
...
|