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199 lines
6.9 KiB
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199 lines
6.9 KiB
Plaintext
==========
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Unit tests
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==========
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Django comes with a test suite of its own, in the ``tests`` directory of the
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code base. It's our policy to make sure all tests pass at all times.
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The tests cover:
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* Models, the database API and everything else in core Django core (``tests/``),
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* :ref:`contrib-apps` (``django/contrib/<app>/tests`` or ``tests/<app>_...``).
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We appreciate any and all contributions to the test suite!
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The Django tests all use the testing infrastructure that ships with Django for
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testing applications. See :doc:`Testing Django applications
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</topics/testing/overview>` for an explanation of how to write new tests.
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.. _running-unit-tests:
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Running the unit tests
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----------------------
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Quickstart
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~~~~~~~~~~
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Running the tests requires a Django settings module that defines the
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databases to use. To make it easy to get started, Django provides a
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sample settings module that uses the SQLite database. To run the tests
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with this sample ``settings`` module, ``cd`` into the Django
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``tests/`` directory and run:
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.. code-block:: bash
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./runtests.py --settings=test_sqlite
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If you get an ``ImportError: No module named django.contrib`` error,
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you need to add your install of Django to your ``PYTHONPATH``.
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.. _running-unit-tests-settings:
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Using another ``settings`` module
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The included settings module allows you to run the test suite using
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SQLite. If you want to test behavior using a different database (and
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if you're proposing patches for Django, it's a good idea to test
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across databases), you may need to define your own settings file.
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To run the tests with different settings, ``cd`` to the ``tests/`` directory
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and type:
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.. code-block:: bash
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./runtests.py --settings=path.to.django.settings
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The :setting:`DATABASES` setting in this test settings module needs to define
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two databases:
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* A ``default`` database. This database should use the backend that
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you want to use for primary testing
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* A database with the alias ``other``. The ``other`` database is
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used to establish that queries can be directed to different
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databases. As a result, this database can use any backend you
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want. It doesn't need to use the same backend as the ``default``
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database (although it can use the same backend if you want to).
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If you're using a backend that isn't SQLite, you will need to provide other
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details for each database:
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* The :setting:`USER` option for each of your databases needs to
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specify an existing user account for the database.
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* The :setting:`PASSWORD` option needs to provide the password for
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the :setting:`USER` that has been specified.
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* The :setting:`NAME` option must be the name of an existing database to
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which the given user has permission to connect. The unit tests will not
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touch this database; the test runner creates a new database whose name
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is :setting:`NAME` prefixed with ``test_``, and this test database is
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deleted when the tests are finished. This means your user account needs
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permission to execute ``CREATE DATABASE``.
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You will also need to ensure that your database uses UTF-8 as the default
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character set. If your database server doesn't use UTF-8 as a default charset,
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you will need to include a value for :setting:`TEST_CHARSET` in the settings
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dictionary for the applicable database.
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Running only some of the tests
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Django's entire test suite takes a while to run, and running every single test
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could be redundant if, say, you just added a test to Django that you want to
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run quickly without running everything else. You can run a subset of the unit
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tests by appending the names of the test modules to ``runtests.py`` on the
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command line.
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For example, if you'd like to run tests only for generic relations and
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internationalization, type:
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.. code-block:: bash
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./runtests.py --settings=path.to.settings generic_relations i18n
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How do you find out the names of individual tests? Look in ``tests/`` — each
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directory name there is the name of a test. Contrib app names are also valid
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test names.
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If you just want to run a particular class of tests, you can specify a list of
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paths to individual test classes. For example, to run the ``TranslationTests``
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of the ``i18n`` module, type:
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.. code-block:: bash
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./runtests.py --settings=path.to.settings i18n.TranslationTests
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Going beyond that, you can specify an individual test method like this:
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.. code-block:: bash
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./runtests.py --settings=path.to.settings i18n.TranslationTests.test_lazy_objects
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Running the Selenium tests
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Some admin tests require Selenium 2, Firefox and Python >= 2.6 to work via a
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real Web browser. To allow those tests to run and not be skipped, you must
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install the selenium_ package (version > 2.13) into your Python path and run
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the tests with the ``--selenium`` option:
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.. code-block:: bash
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./runtests.py --settings=test_sqlite --selenium admin_inlines
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.. _running-unit-tests-dependencies:
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Running all the tests
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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If you want to run the full suite of tests, you'll need to install a number of
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dependencies:
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* PyYAML_
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* setuptools_
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* memcached_, plus a :ref:`supported Python binding <memcached>`
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* gettext_ (:ref:`gettext_on_windows`)
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* selenium_ (if also using Python >= 2.6)
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If you want to test the memcached cache backend, you'll also need to define
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a :setting:`CACHES` setting that points at your memcached instance.
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Each of these dependencies is optional. If you're missing any of them, the
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associated tests will be skipped.
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.. _PyYAML: http://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAML
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.. _setuptools: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools/
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.. _memcached: http://memcached.org/
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.. _gettext: http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html
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.. _selenium: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/selenium
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Code coverage
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Contributors are encouraged to run coverage on the test suite to identify areas
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that need additional tests. The coverage tool installation and use is described
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in :ref:`testing code coverage<topics-testing-code-coverage>`.
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To run coverage on the Django test suite using the standard test settings::
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coverage run ./runtests.py --settings=test_sqlite
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After running coverage, generate the html report by running::
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coverage html
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When running coverage for the Django tests, the included ``.coveragerc``
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settings file defines ``coverage_html`` as the output directory for the report
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and also excludes several directories not relevant to the results
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(test code or external code included in Django).
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.. _contrib-apps:
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Contrib apps
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------------
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Tests for contrib apps go in their respective directories under
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``django/contrib``, in a ``tests.py`` file. You can split the tests over
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multiple modules by using a ``tests`` directory in the normal Python way.
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For the tests to be found, a ``models.py`` file must exist, even if it's empty.
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If you have URLs that need to be mapped, put them in ``tests/urls.py``.
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To run tests for just one contrib app (e.g. ``auth``), use the same
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method as above::
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./runtests.py --settings=settings auth
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