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This patch does not remove all occurrences of the words in question. Rather, I went through all of the occurrences of the words listed below, and judged if they a) suggested the reader had some kind of knowledge/experience, and b) if they added anything of value (including tone of voice, etc). I left most of the words alone. I looked at the following words: - simply/simple - easy/easier/easiest - obvious - just - merely - straightforward - ridiculous Thanks to Carlton Gibson for guidance on how to approach this issue, and to Tim Bell for providing the idea. But the enormous lion's share of thanks go to Adam Johnson for his patient and helpful review.
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======================
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GeoDjango Installation
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======================
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.. highlight:: console
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Overview
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========
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In general, GeoDjango installation requires:
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#. :ref:`Python and Django <django>`
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#. :ref:`spatial_database`
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#. :doc:`geolibs`
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Details for each of the requirements and installation instructions
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are provided in the sections below. In addition, platform-specific
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instructions are available for:
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* :ref:`macos`
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* :ref:`windows`
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.. admonition:: Use the Source
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Because GeoDjango takes advantage of the latest in the open source geospatial
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software technology, recent versions of the libraries are necessary.
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If binary packages aren't available for your platform, installation from
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source may be required. When compiling the libraries from source, please
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follow the directions closely, especially if you're a beginner.
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Requirements
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============
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.. _django:
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Python and Django
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-----------------
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Because GeoDjango is included with Django, please refer to Django's
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:ref:`installation instructions <installing-official-release>` for details on
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how to install.
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.. _spatial_database:
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Spatial database
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----------------
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PostgreSQL (with PostGIS), MySQL (mostly with MyISAM engine), Oracle, and SQLite
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(with SpatiaLite) are the spatial databases currently supported.
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.. note::
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PostGIS is recommended, because it is the most mature and feature-rich
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open source spatial database.
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The geospatial libraries required for a GeoDjango installation depends
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on the spatial database used. The following lists the library requirements,
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supported versions, and any notes for each of the supported database backends:
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================== ============================== ================== =========================================
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Database Library Requirements Supported Versions Notes
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================== ============================== ================== =========================================
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PostgreSQL GEOS, GDAL, PROJ.4, PostGIS 9.5+ Requires PostGIS.
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MySQL GEOS, GDAL 5.6.1+ :ref:`Limited functionality <mysql-spatial-limitations>`.
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Oracle GEOS, GDAL 12.2+ XE not supported.
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SQLite GEOS, GDAL, PROJ.4, SpatiaLite 3.8.3+ Requires SpatiaLite 4.3+
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================== ============================== ================== =========================================
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See also `this comparison matrix`__ on the OSGeo Wiki for
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PostgreSQL/PostGIS/GEOS/GDAL possible combinations.
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__ https://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/wiki/UsersWikiPostgreSQLPostGIS
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Installation
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============
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Geospatial libraries
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--------------------
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.. toctree::
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:maxdepth: 1
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geolibs
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Database installation
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---------------------
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.. toctree::
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:maxdepth: 1
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postgis
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spatialite
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:setting:`DATABASES` configuration
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----------------------------------
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Set the :setting:`ENGINE <DATABASE-ENGINE>` setting to one of the :ref:`spatial
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backends <spatial-backends>`.
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Add ``django.contrib.gis`` to :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS`
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-------------------------------------------------------
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Like other Django contrib applications, you will *only* need to add
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:mod:`django.contrib.gis` to :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` in your settings.
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This is so that the ``gis`` templates can be located -- if not done, then
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features such as the geographic admin or KML sitemaps will not function properly.
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Troubleshooting
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===============
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If you can't find the solution to your problem here then participate in the
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community! You can:
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* Join the ``#geodjango`` IRC channel on Freenode. Please be patient and polite
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-- while you may not get an immediate response, someone will attempt to answer
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your question as soon as they see it.
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* Ask your question on the `GeoDjango`__ mailing list.
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* File a ticket on the `Django trac`__ if you think there's a bug. Make
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sure to provide a complete description of the problem, versions used,
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and specify the component as "GIS".
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__ https://groups.google.com/d/forum/geodjango
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__ https://code.djangoproject.com/newticket
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.. _libsettings:
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Library environment settings
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----------------------------
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By far, the most common problem when installing GeoDjango is that the
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external shared libraries (e.g., for GEOS and GDAL) cannot be located. [#]_
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Typically, the cause of this problem is that the operating system isn't aware
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of the directory where the libraries built from source were installed.
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In general, the library path may be set on a per-user basis by setting
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an environment variable, or by configuring the library path for the entire
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system.
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``LD_LIBRARY_PATH`` environment variable
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A user may set this environment variable to customize the library paths
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they want to use. The typical library directory for software
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built from source is ``/usr/local/lib``. Thus, ``/usr/local/lib`` needs
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to be included in the ``LD_LIBRARY_PATH`` variable. For example, the user
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could place the following in their bash profile::
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export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib
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Setting system library path
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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On GNU/Linux systems, there is typically a file in ``/etc/ld.so.conf``, which may include
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additional paths from files in another directory, such as ``/etc/ld.so.conf.d``.
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As the root user, add the custom library path (like ``/usr/local/lib``) on a
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new line in ``ld.so.conf``. This is *one* example of how to do so::
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$ sudo echo /usr/local/lib >> /etc/ld.so.conf
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$ sudo ldconfig
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For OpenSolaris users, the system library path may be modified using the
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``crle`` utility. Run ``crle`` with no options to see the current configuration
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and use ``crle -l`` to set with the new library path. Be *very* careful when
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modifying the system library path::
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# crle -l $OLD_PATH:/usr/local/lib
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.. _binutils:
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Install ``binutils``
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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GeoDjango uses the ``find_library`` function (from the ``ctypes.util`` Python
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module) to discover libraries. The ``find_library`` routine uses a program
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called ``objdump`` (part of the ``binutils`` package) to verify a shared
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library on GNU/Linux systems. Thus, if ``binutils`` is not installed on your
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Linux system then Python's ctypes may not be able to find your library even if
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your library path is set correctly and geospatial libraries were built perfectly.
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The ``binutils`` package may be installed on Debian and Ubuntu systems using the
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following command::
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$ sudo apt-get install binutils
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Similarly, on Red Hat and CentOS systems::
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$ sudo yum install binutils
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Platform-specific instructions
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==============================
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.. _macos:
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macOS
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-----
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Because of the variety of packaging systems available for macOS, users have
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several different options for installing GeoDjango. These options are:
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* :ref:`postgresapp` (easiest and recommended)
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* :ref:`homebrew`
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* :ref:`kyngchaos`
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* :ref:`fink`
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* :ref:`macports`
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* :ref:`build_from_source`
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This section also includes instructions for installing an upgraded version
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of :ref:`macos_python` from packages provided by the Python Software
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Foundation, however, this is not required.
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.. _macos_python:
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Python
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~~~~~~
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Although macOS comes with Python installed, users can use `framework
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installers`__ provided by the Python Software Foundation. An advantage to
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using the installer is that macOS's Python will remain "pristine" for internal
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operating system use.
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__ https://www.python.org/ftp/python/
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.. note::
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You will need to modify the ``PATH`` environment variable in your
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``.profile`` file so that the new version of Python is used when
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``python`` is entered at the command-line::
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export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin:$PATH
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.. _postgresapp:
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Postgres.app
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~~~~~~~~~~~~
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`Postgres.app <https://postgresapp.com/>`_ is a standalone PostgreSQL server
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that includes the PostGIS extension. You will also need to install ``gdal`` and
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``libgeoip`` with :ref:`homebrew`.
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After installing Postgres.app, add the following to your ``.bash_profile`` so
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you can run the package's programs from the command-line. Replace ``X.Y`` with
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the version of PostgreSQL in the Postgres.app you installed:
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.. code-block:: bash
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export PATH=$PATH:/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/X.Y/bin
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You can check if the path is set up correctly by typing ``which psql`` at a
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terminal prompt.
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.. _homebrew:
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Homebrew
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~~~~~~~~
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`Homebrew`__ provides "recipes" for building binaries and packages from source.
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It provides recipes for the GeoDjango prerequisites on Macintosh computers
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running macOS. Because Homebrew still builds the software from source, `Xcode`_
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is required.
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Summary::
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$ brew install postgresql
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$ brew install postgis
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$ brew install gdal
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$ brew install libgeoip
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__ https://brew.sh/
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.. _Xcode: https://developer.apple.com/xcode/
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.. _kyngchaos:
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KyngChaos packages
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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William Kyngesburye provides a number of `geospatial library binary packages`__
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that help to get GeoDjango installed on macOS without compiling them from
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source. However, `Xcode`_ is still necessary for compiling the Python database
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adapters :ref:`psycopg2_kyngchaos` (for PostGIS).
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.. note::
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SpatiaLite users should consult the :ref:`spatialite_macos` section
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after installing the packages for additional instructions.
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Download the framework packages for:
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* UnixImageIO
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* PROJ
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* GEOS
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* SQLite3 (includes the SpatiaLite library)
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* GDAL
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Install the packages in the order they are listed above, as the GDAL and SQLite
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packages require the packages listed before them.
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Afterwards, you can also install the KyngChaos binary packages for `PostgreSQL
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and PostGIS`__.
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After installing the binary packages, you'll want to add the following to
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your ``.profile`` to be able to run the package programs from the command-line::
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export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/UnixImageIO.framework/Programs:$PATH
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export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/PROJ.framework/Programs:$PATH
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export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/GEOS.framework/Programs:$PATH
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export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/SQLite3.framework/Programs:$PATH
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export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/GDAL.framework/Programs:$PATH
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export PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin:$PATH
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__ https://www.kyngchaos.com/software/frameworks
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__ https://www.kyngchaos.com/software/postgres
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.. _psycopg2_kyngchaos:
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psycopg2
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^^^^^^^^
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After you've installed the KyngChaos binaries and modified your ``PATH``, as
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described above, ``psycopg2`` may be installed using the following command::
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$ python -m pip install psycopg2
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.. note::
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If you don't have ``pip``, follow the :ref:`installation instructions
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<installing-official-release>` to install it.
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.. _fink:
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Fink
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^^^^
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`Kurt Schwehr`__ has been gracious enough to create GeoDjango packages for users
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of the `Fink`__ package system. `Different packages are available`__ (starting
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with ``django-gis``), depending on which version of Python you want to use.
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__ https://schwehr.blogspot.com/
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__ http://www.finkproject.org/
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__ http://pdb.finkproject.org/pdb/browse.php?summary=django-gis
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.. _macports:
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MacPorts
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~~~~~~~~
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`MacPorts`__ may be used to install GeoDjango prerequisites on computers
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running macOS. Because MacPorts still builds the software from source,
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`Xcode`_ is required.
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Summary::
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$ sudo port install postgresql93-server
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$ sudo port install geos
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$ sudo port install proj
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$ sudo port install postgis
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$ sudo port install gdal +geos
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$ sudo port install libgeoip
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.. note::
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You will also have to modify the ``PATH`` in your ``.profile`` so
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that the MacPorts programs are accessible from the command-line::
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export PATH=/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/lib/postgresql93/bin
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In addition, add the ``DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH`` setting so that
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the libraries can be found by Python::
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export DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/local/lib:/opt/local/lib/postgresql93
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__ https://www.macports.org/
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.. _windows:
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Windows
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-------
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Proceed through the following sections sequentially in order to install
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GeoDjango on Windows.
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Python
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~~~~~~
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:doc:`Install Python </howto/windows>`.
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PostgreSQL
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~~~~~~~~~~
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First, download the latest `PostgreSQL 9.x installer`__ from the
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`EnterpriseDB`__ website. After downloading, run the installer, follow the
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on-screen directions, and keep the default options unless you know the
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consequences of changing them.
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.. note::
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The PostgreSQL installer creates both a new Windows user to be the
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'postgres service account' and a ``postgres`` database superuser
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You will be prompted once to set the password for both accounts --
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make sure to remember it!
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When the installer completes, it will ask to launch the Application Stack
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Builder (ASB) on exit -- keep this checked, as it is necessary to
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install :ref:`postgisasb`.
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.. note::
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If installed successfully, the PostgreSQL server will run in the
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background each time the system as started as a Windows service.
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A :menuselection:`PostgreSQL 9.x` start menu group will created
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and contains shortcuts for the ASB as well as the 'SQL Shell',
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which will launch a ``psql`` command window.
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__ https://www.enterprisedb.com/downloads/postgres-postgresql-downloads
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__ https://www.enterprisedb.com
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.. _postgisasb:
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PostGIS
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~~~~~~~
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From within the Application Stack Builder (to run outside of the installer,
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:menuselection:`Start --> Programs --> PostgreSQL 9.x`), select
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:menuselection:`PostgreSQL Database Server 9.x on port 5432` from the drop down
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menu. Next, expand the :menuselection:`Categories --> Spatial Extensions` menu
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tree and select :menuselection:`PostGIS X.Y for PostgreSQL 9.x`.
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After clicking next, you will be prompted to select your mirror, PostGIS
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will be downloaded, and the PostGIS installer will begin. Select only the
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default options during install (e.g., do not uncheck the option to create a
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default PostGIS database).
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.. note::
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You will be prompted to enter your ``postgres`` database superuser
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password in the 'Database Connection Information' dialog.
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psycopg2
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~~~~~~~~
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The ``psycopg2`` Python module provides the interface between Python and the
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PostgreSQL database. Download the latest `Windows installer`__ for your version
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of Python and PostgreSQL and run using the default settings. [#]_
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__ http://www.stickpeople.com/projects/python/win-psycopg/
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.. _osgeo4w:
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OSGeo4W
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~~~~~~~
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The `OSGeo4W installer`_ helps to install the PROJ.4, GDAL, and GEOS libraries
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required by GeoDjango. First, download the `OSGeo4W installer`_, and run it.
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Select :menuselection:`Express Web-GIS Install` and click next. In the 'Select
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Packages' list, ensure that GDAL is selected; MapServer and Apache are also
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enabled by default, but are not required by GeoDjango and may be unchecked
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safely. After clicking next, the packages will be automatically downloaded and
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installed, after which you may exit the installer.
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.. _OSGeo4W installer: https://trac.osgeo.org/osgeo4w/
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Modify Windows environment
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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In order to use GeoDjango, you will need to add your Python and OSGeo4W
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directories to your Windows system ``Path``, as well as create ``GDAL_DATA``
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and ``PROJ_LIB`` environment variables. The following set of commands,
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executable with ``cmd.exe``, will set this up:
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.. code-block:: bat
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set OSGEO4W_ROOT=C:\OSGeo4W
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set PYTHON_ROOT=C:\Python3X
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set GDAL_DATA=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\share\gdal
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set PROJ_LIB=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\share\proj
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set PATH=%PATH%;%PYTHON_ROOT%;%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\bin
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reg ADD "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v Path /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /f /d "%PATH%"
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reg ADD "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v GDAL_DATA /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /f /d "%GDAL_DATA%"
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reg ADD "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v PROJ_LIB /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /f /d "%PROJ_LIB%"
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.. note::
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Administrator privileges are required to execute these commands.
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To do this, create a ``bat`` script with the commands, right-click it, and
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select :menuselection:`Run as administrator`. You need to log out and log
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back in again for the settings to take effect.
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.. note::
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If you customized the Python or OSGeo4W installation directories,
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then you will need to modify the ``OSGEO4W_ROOT`` and/or ``PYTHON_ROOT``
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variables accordingly.
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Install Django and set up database
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Finally, :ref:`install Django <installing-official-release>` on your system.
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.. rubric:: Footnotes
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.. [#] GeoDjango uses the :func:`~ctypes.util.find_library` routine from
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``ctypes.util`` to locate shared libraries.
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.. [#] The ``psycopg2`` Windows installers are packaged and maintained by
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`Jason Erickson <http://www.stickpeople.com/projects/python/win-psycopg/>`_.
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