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90fb6a4648
Most of the credit for this large patch goes to Anssi Kääriäinen. Many thanks to all the people who contributed to the discussion.
182 lines
6.4 KiB
Plaintext
182 lines
6.4 KiB
Plaintext
==========
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Unit tests
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==========
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Django comes with a test suite of its own, in the ``tests`` directory of the
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code base. It's our policy to make sure all tests pass at all times.
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The tests cover:
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* Models and the database API (``tests/modeltests``),
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* Everything else in core Django code (``tests/regressiontests``),
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* :ref:`contrib-apps` (``django/contrib/<app>/tests``).
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We appreciate any and all contributions to the test suite!
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The Django tests all use the testing infrastructure that ships with Django for
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testing applications. See :doc:`Testing Django applications </topics/testing>`
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for an explanation of how to write new tests.
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.. _running-unit-tests:
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Running the unit tests
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----------------------
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Quickstart
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~~~~~~~~~~
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Running the tests requires a Django settings module that defines the
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databases to use. To make it easy to get started, Django provides a
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sample settings module that uses the SQLite database. To run the tests
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with this sample ``settings`` module, ``cd`` into the Django
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``tests/`` directory and run:
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.. code-block:: bash
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./runtests.py --settings=test_sqlite
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If you get an ``ImportError: No module named django.contrib`` error,
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you need to add your install of Django to your ``PYTHONPATH``.
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Using another ``settings`` module
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The included settings module allows you to run the test suite using
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SQLite. If you want to test behavior using a different database (and
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if you're proposing patches for Django, it's a good idea to test
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across databases), you may need to define your own settings file.
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To run the tests with different settings, ``cd`` to the ``tests/`` directory
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and type:
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.. code-block:: bash
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./runtests.py --settings=path.to.django.settings
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The :setting:`DATABASES` setting in this test settings module needs to define
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two databases:
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* A ``default`` database. This database should use the backend that
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you want to use for primary testing
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* A database with the alias ``other``. The ``other`` database is
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used to establish that queries can be directed to different
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databases. As a result, this database can use any backend you
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want. It doesn't need to use the same backend as the ``default``
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database (although it can use the same backend if you want to).
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If you're using a backend that isn't SQLite, you will need to provide other
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details for each database:
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* The :setting:`USER` option for each of your databases needs to
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specify an existing user account for the database.
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* The :setting:`PASSWORD` option needs to provide the password for
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the :setting:`USER` that has been specified.
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* The :setting:`NAME` option must be the name of an existing database to
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which the given user has permission to connect. The unit tests will not
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touch this database; the test runner creates a new database whose name
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is :setting:`NAME` prefixed with ``test_``, and this test database is
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deleted when the tests are finished. This means your user account needs
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permission to execute ``CREATE DATABASE``.
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You will also need to ensure that your database uses UTF-8 as the default
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character set. If your database server doesn't use UTF-8 as a default charset,
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you will need to include a value for :setting:`TEST_CHARSET` in the settings
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dictionary for the applicable database.
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Running only some of the tests
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Django's entire test suite takes a while to run, and running every single test
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could be redundant if, say, you just added a test to Django that you want to
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run quickly without running everything else. You can run a subset of the unit
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tests by appending the names of the test modules to ``runtests.py`` on the
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command line.
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For example, if you'd like to run tests only for generic relations and
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internationalization, type:
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.. code-block:: bash
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./runtests.py --settings=path.to.settings generic_relations i18n
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How do you find out the names of individual tests? Look in
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``tests/modeltests`` and ``tests/regressiontests`` — each directory name
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there is the name of a test. Contrib app names are also valid test names.
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If you just want to run a particular class of tests, you can specify a list of
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paths to individual test classes. For example, to run the ``TranslationTests``
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of the ``i18n`` module, type:
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.. code-block:: bash
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./runtests.py --settings=path.to.settings i18n.TranslationTests
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Going beyond that, you can specify an individual test method like this:
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.. code-block:: bash
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./runtests.py --settings=path.to.settings i18n.TranslationTests.test_lazy_objects
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Running the Selenium tests
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Some admin tests require Selenium 2, Firefox and Python >= 2.6 to work via a
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real Web browser. To allow those tests to run and not be skipped, you must
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install the selenium_ package (version > 2.13) into your Python path.
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Then, run the tests normally, for example:
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.. code-block:: bash
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./runtests.py --settings=test_sqlite admin_inlines
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Running all the tests
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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If you want to run the full suite of tests, you'll need to install a number of
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dependencies:
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* PyYAML_
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* Markdown_
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* Textile_
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* Docutils_
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* setuptools_
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* memcached_, plus a :ref:`supported Python binding <memcached>`
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* gettext_ (:ref:`gettext_on_windows`)
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* selenium_ (if also using Python >= 2.6)
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If you want to test the memcached cache backend, you'll also need to define
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a :setting:`CACHES` setting that points at your memcached instance.
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Each of these dependencies is optional. If you're missing any of them, the
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associated tests will be skipped.
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.. _PyYAML: http://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAML
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.. _Markdown: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/Markdown/1.7
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.. _Textile: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/textile
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.. _docutils: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/docutils/0.4
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.. _setuptools: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools/
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.. _memcached: http://www.danga.com/memcached/
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.. _gettext: http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html
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.. _selenium: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/selenium
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.. _contrib-apps:
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Contrib apps
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------------
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Tests for contrib apps go in their respective directories under
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``django/contrib``, in a ``tests.py`` file. You can split the tests over
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multiple modules by using a ``tests`` directory in the normal Python way.
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For the tests to be found, a ``models.py`` file must exist, even if it's empty.
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If you have URLs that need to be mapped, put them in ``tests/urls.py``.
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To run tests for just one contrib app (e.g. ``markup``), use the same
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method as above::
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./runtests.py --settings=settings markup
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