django/tests/get_earliest_or_latest/tests.py

import warnings
from datetime import datetime

from django.test import TestCase

from .models import Article, IndexErrorArticle, Person


class EarliestOrLatestTests(TestCase):
    """Tests for the earliest() and latest() objects methods"""

    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        super().setUpClass()
        cls._article_get_latest_by = Article._meta.get_latest_by

    def tearDown(self):
        Article._meta.get_latest_by = self._article_get_latest_by

    def test_earliest(self):
        # Because no Articles exist yet, earliest() raises ArticleDoesNotExist.
        with self.assertRaises(Article.DoesNotExist):
            Article.objects.earliest()

        a1 = Article.objects.create(
            headline="Article 1", pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 26),
            expire_date=datetime(2005, 9, 1)
        )
        a2 = Article.objects.create(
            headline="Article 2", pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 27),
            expire_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28)
        )
        a3 = Article.objects.create(
            headline="Article 3", pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28),
            expire_date=datetime(2005, 8, 27)
        )
        a4 = Article.objects.create(
            headline="Article 4", pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28),
            expire_date=datetime(2005, 7, 30)
        )

        # Get the earliest Article.
        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.earliest(), a1)
        # Get the earliest Article that matches certain filters.
        self.assertEqual(
            Article.objects.filter(pub_date__gt=datetime(2005, 7, 26)).earliest(),
            a2
        )

        # Pass a custom field name to earliest() to change the field that's used
        # to determine the earliest object.
        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.earliest('expire_date'), a2)
        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.filter(
            pub_date__gt=datetime(2005, 7, 26)).earliest('expire_date'), a2)

        # earliest() overrides any other ordering specified on the query.
        # Refs #11283.
        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.order_by('id').earliest(), a1)

        # Error is raised if the user forgot to add a get_latest_by
        # in the Model.Meta
        Article.objects.model._meta.get_latest_by = None
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(
            ValueError,
            "earliest() and latest() require either fields as positional "
            "arguments or 'get_latest_by' in the model's Meta."
        ):
            Article.objects.earliest()

        # Earliest publication date, earliest expire date.
        self.assertEqual(
            Article.objects.filter(pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28)).earliest('pub_date', 'expire_date'),
            a4,
        )
        # Earliest publication date, latest expire date.
        self.assertEqual(
            Article.objects.filter(pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28)).earliest('pub_date', '-expire_date'),
            a3,
        )

        # Meta.get_latest_by may be a tuple.
        Article.objects.model._meta.get_latest_by = ('pub_date', 'expire_date')
        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.filter(pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28)).earliest(), a4)

    def test_earliest_fields_and_field_name(self):
        msg = 'Cannot use both positional arguments and the field_name keyword argument.'
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
            Article.objects.earliest('pub_date', field_name='expire_date')

    def test_latest(self):
        # Because no Articles exist yet, latest() raises ArticleDoesNotExist.
        with self.assertRaises(Article.DoesNotExist):
            Article.objects.latest()

        a1 = Article.objects.create(
            headline="Article 1", pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 26),
            expire_date=datetime(2005, 9, 1)
        )
        a2 = Article.objects.create(
            headline="Article 2", pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 27),
            expire_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28)
        )
        a3 = Article.objects.create(
            headline="Article 3", pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 27),
            expire_date=datetime(2005, 8, 27)
        )
        a4 = Article.objects.create(
            headline="Article 4", pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28),
            expire_date=datetime(2005, 7, 30)
        )

        # Get the latest Article.
        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.latest(), a4)
        # Get the latest Article that matches certain filters.
        self.assertEqual(
            Article.objects.filter(pub_date__lt=datetime(2005, 7, 27)).latest(),
            a1
        )

        # Pass a custom field name to latest() to change the field that's used
        # to determine the latest object.
        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.latest('expire_date'), a1)
        self.assertEqual(
            Article.objects.filter(pub_date__gt=datetime(2005, 7, 26)).latest('expire_date'),
            a3,
        )

        # latest() overrides any other ordering specified on the query (#11283).
        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.order_by('id').latest(), a4)

        # Error is raised if get_latest_by isn't in Model.Meta.
        Article.objects.model._meta.get_latest_by = None
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(
            ValueError,
            "earliest() and latest() require either fields as positional "
            "arguments or 'get_latest_by' in the model's Meta."
        ):
            Article.objects.latest()

        # Latest publication date, latest expire date.
        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.filter(pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 27)).latest('pub_date', 'expire_date'), a3)
        # Latest publication date, earliest expire date.
        self.assertEqual(
            Article.objects.filter(pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 27)).latest('pub_date', '-expire_date'),
            a2,
        )

        # Meta.get_latest_by may be a tuple.
        Article.objects.model._meta.get_latest_by = ('pub_date', 'expire_date')
        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.filter(pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 27)).latest(), a3)

    def test_latest_fields_and_field_name(self):
        msg = 'Cannot use both positional arguments and the field_name keyword argument.'
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
            Article.objects.latest('pub_date', field_name='expire_date')

    def test_latest_manual(self):
        # You can still use latest() with a model that doesn't have
        # "get_latest_by" set -- just pass in the field name manually.
        Person.objects.create(name="Ralph", birthday=datetime(1950, 1, 1))
        p2 = Person.objects.create(name="Stephanie", birthday=datetime(1960, 2, 3))
        msg = (
            "earliest() and latest() require either fields as positional arguments "
            "or 'get_latest_by' in the model's Meta."
        )
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
            Person.objects.latest()
        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.latest("birthday"), p2)

    def test_field_name_kwarg_deprecation(self):
        Person.objects.create(name='Deprecator', birthday=datetime(1950, 1, 1))
        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as warns:
            warnings.simplefilter('always')
            Person.objects.latest(field_name='birthday')

        self.assertEqual(len(warns), 1)
        self.assertEqual(
            str(warns[0].message),
            'The field_name keyword argument to earliest() and latest() '
            'is deprecated in favor of passing positional arguments.',
        )


class TestFirstLast(TestCase):

    def test_first(self):
        p1 = Person.objects.create(name="Bob", birthday=datetime(1950, 1, 1))
        p2 = Person.objects.create(name="Alice", birthday=datetime(1961, 2, 3))
        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.first(), p1)
        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.order_by('name').first(), p2)
        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.filter(birthday__lte=datetime(1955, 1, 1)).first(), p1)
        self.assertIsNone(Person.objects.filter(birthday__lte=datetime(1940, 1, 1)).first())

    def test_last(self):
        p1 = Person.objects.create(name="Alice", birthday=datetime(1950, 1, 1))
        p2 = Person.objects.create(name="Bob", birthday=datetime(1960, 2, 3))
        # Note: by default PK ordering.
        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.last(), p2)
        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.order_by('-name').last(), p1)
        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.filter(birthday__lte=datetime(1955, 1, 1)).last(), p1)
        self.assertIsNone(Person.objects.filter(birthday__lte=datetime(1940, 1, 1)).last())

    def test_index_error_not_suppressed(self):
        """
        #23555 -- Unexpected IndexError exceptions in QuerySet iteration
        shouldn't be suppressed.
        """
        def check():
            # We know that we've broken the __iter__ method, so the queryset
            # should always raise an exception.
            with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
                IndexErrorArticle.objects.all()[:10:2]
            with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
                IndexErrorArticle.objects.all().first()
            with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
                IndexErrorArticle.objects.all().last()

        check()

        # And it does not matter if there are any records in the DB.
        IndexErrorArticle.objects.create(
            headline="Article 1", pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 26),
            expire_date=datetime(2005, 9, 1)
        )
        check()