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251 lines
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251 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
=================================
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The Django source code repository
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=================================
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When deploying a Django application into a real production environment, you
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will almost always want to use `an official packaged release of Django`_.
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However, if you'd like to try out in-development code from an upcoming release
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or contribute to the development of Django, you'll need to obtain a clone of
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Django's source code repository.
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This document covers the way the code repository is laid out and how to work
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with and find things in it.
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.. _an official packaged release of Django: https://www.djangoproject.com/download/
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High-level overview
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===================
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The Django source code repository uses `Git`_ to track changes to the code
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over time, so you'll need a copy of the Git client (a program called ``git``)
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on your computer, and you'll want to familiarize yourself with the basics of
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how Git works.
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Git's web site offers downloads for various operating systems. The site also
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contains vast amounts of `documentation`_.
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The Django Git repository is located online at `github.com/django/django
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<https://github.com/django/django>`_. It contains the full source code for all
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Django releases, which you can browse online.
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The Git repository includes several `branches`_:
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* ``master`` contains the main in-development code which will become
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the next packaged release of Django. This is where most development
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activity is focused.
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* ``stable/A.B.x`` are the branches where release preparation work happens.
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They are also used for support and bugfix releases which occur as necessary
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after the initial release of a major or minor version.
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* ``soc20XX/<project>`` branches were used by students who worked on Django
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during the 2009 and 2010 Google Summer of Code programs.
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* ``attic/<project>`` branches were used to develop major or experimental new
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features without affecting the rest of Django's code.
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The Git repository also contains `tags`_. These are the exact revisions from
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which packaged Django releases were produced, since version 1.0.
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The source code for the `Djangoproject.com <https://www.djangoproject.com/>`_ web
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site can be found at `github.com/django/djangoproject.com
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<https://github.com/django/djangoproject.com>`_.
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.. _Git: http://git-scm.com/
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.. _documentation: http://git-scm.com/documentation
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.. _branches: https://github.com/django/django/branches
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.. _tags: https://github.com/django/django/tags
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The master branch
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=================
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If you'd like to try out the in-development code for the next release of
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Django, or if you'd like to contribute to Django by fixing bugs or developing
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new features, you'll want to get the code from the master branch.
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Note that this will get *all* of Django: in addition to the top-level
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``django`` module containing Python code, you'll also get a copy of Django's
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documentation, test suite, packaging scripts and other miscellaneous bits.
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Django's code will be present in your clone as a directory named
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``django``.
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To try out the in-development code with your own applications, simply place
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the directory containing your clone on your Python import path. Then
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``import`` statements which look for Django will find the ``django`` module
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within your clone.
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If you're going to be working on Django's code (say, to fix a bug or
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develop a new feature), you can probably stop reading here and move
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over to :doc:`the documentation for contributing to Django
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</internals/contributing/index>`, which covers things like the preferred
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coding style and how to generate and submit a patch.
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Other branches
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==============
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Django uses branches to prepare for releases of Django (whether they be
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:term:`major <Major release>` or :term:`minor <Minor release>`).
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In the past when Django was hosted on Subversion, branches were also used for
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feature development. Now Django is hosted on Git and feature development is
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done on contributor's forks, but the Subversion feature branches remain in Git
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for historical reference.
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Stable branches
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---------------
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These branches can be found in the repository as ``stable/A.B.x``
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branches and will be created right after the first alpha is tagged.
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For example, immediately after *Django 1.5 alpha 1* was tagged, the branch
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``stable/1.5.x`` was created and all further work on preparing the code for the
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final 1.5 release was done there.
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These branches also provide limited bugfix support for the most recent released
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version of Django and security support for the two most recently-released
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versions of Django.
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For example, after the release of Django 1.5, the branch ``stable/1.5.x``
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receives only fixes for security and critical stability bugs, which are
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eventually released as Django 1.5.1 and so on, ``stable/1.4.x`` receives only
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security fixes, and ``stable/1.3.x`` no longer receives any updates.
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.. admonition:: Historical information
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This policy for handling ``stable/A.B.x`` branches was adopted starting
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with the Django 1.5 release cycle.
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Previously, these branches weren't created until right after the releases
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and the stabilization work occurred on the main repository branch. Thus,
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no new features development work for the next release of Django could be
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committed until the final release happened.
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For example, shortly after the release of Django 1.3 the branch
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``stable/1.3.x`` was created. Official support for that release has expired,
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and so it no longer receives direct maintenance from the Django project.
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However, that and all other similarly named branches continue to exist and
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interested community members have occasionally used them to provide
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unofficial support for old Django releases.
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Feature-development branches
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----------------------------
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.. admonition:: Historical information
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Since Django moved to Git in 2012, anyone can clone the repository and
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create their own branches, alleviating the need for official branches in
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the source code repository.
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The following section is mostly useful if you're exploring the repository's
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history, for example if you're trying to understand how some features were
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designed.
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Feature-development branches tend by their nature to be temporary. Some
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produce successful features which are merged back into Django's master to
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become part of an official release, but others do not; in either case there
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comes a time when the branch is no longer being actively worked on by any
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developer. At this point the branch is considered closed.
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Unfortunately, Django used to be maintained with the Subversion revision
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control system, that has no standard way of indicating this. As a workaround,
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branches of Django which are closed and no longer maintained were moved into
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``attic``.
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For reference, the following are branches whose code eventually became
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part of Django itself, and so are no longer separately maintained:
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* ``boulder-oracle-sprint``: Added support for Oracle databases to
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Django's object-relational mapper. This has been part of Django
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since the 1.0 release.
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* ``gis``: Added support for geographic/spatial queries to Django's
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object-relational mapper. This has been part of Django since the 1.0
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release, as the bundled application ``django.contrib.gis``.
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* ``i18n``: Added :doc:`internationalization support </topics/i18n/index>` to
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Django. This has been part of Django since the 0.90 release.
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* ``magic-removal``: A major refactoring of both the internals and
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public APIs of Django's object-relational mapper. This has been part
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of Django since the 0.95 release.
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* ``multi-auth``: A refactoring of :doc:`Django's bundled
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authentication framework </topics/auth/index>` which added support for
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:ref:`authentication backends <authentication-backends>`. This has
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been part of Django since the 0.95 release.
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* ``new-admin``: A refactoring of :doc:`Django's bundled
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administrative application </ref/contrib/admin/index>`. This became part of
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Django as of the 0.91 release, but was superseded by another
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refactoring (see next listing) prior to the Django 1.0 release.
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* ``newforms-admin``: The second refactoring of Django's bundled
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administrative application. This became part of Django as of the 1.0
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release, and is the basis of the current incarnation of
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``django.contrib.admin``.
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* ``queryset-refactor``: A refactoring of the internals of Django's
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object-relational mapper. This became part of Django as of the 1.0
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release.
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* ``unicode``: A refactoring of Django's internals to consistently use
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Unicode-based strings in most places within Django and Django
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applications. This became part of Django as of the 1.0 release.
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When Django moved from SVN to Git, the information about branch merges wasn't
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preserved in the source code repository. This means that the ``master`` branch
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of Django doesn't contain merge commits for the above branches.
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However, this information is `available as a grafts file`_. You can restore it
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by putting the following lines in ``.git/info/grafts`` in your local clone::
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ac64e91a0cadc57f4bc5cd5d66955832320ca7a1 553a20075e6991e7a60baee51ea68c8adc520d9a 0cb8e31823b2e9f05c4ae868c19f5f38e78a5f2e
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79e68c225b926302ebb29c808dda8afa49856f5c d0f57e7c7385a112cb9e19d314352fc5ed5b0747 aa239e3e5405933af6a29dac3cf587b59a099927
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5cf8f684237ab5addaf3549b2347c3adf107c0a7 cb45fd0ae20597306cd1f877efc99d9bd7cbee98 e27211a0deae2f1d402537f0ebb64ad4ccf6a4da
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f69cf70ed813a8cd7e1f963a14ae39103e8d5265 d5dbeaa9be359a4c794885c2e9f1b5a7e5e51fb8 d2fcbcf9d76d5bb8a661ee73dae976c74183098b
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aab3a418ac9293bb4abd7670f65d930cb0426d58 4ea7a11659b8a0ab07b0d2e847975f7324664f10 adf4b9311d5d64a2bdd58da50271c121ea22e397
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ff60c5f9de3e8690d1e86f3e9e3f7248a15397c8 7ef212af149540aa2da577a960d0d87029fd1514 45b4288bb66a3cda401b45901e85b645674c3988
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9dda4abee1225db7a7b195b84c915fdd141a7260 4fe5c9b7ee09dc25921918a6dbb7605edb374bc9 3a7c14b583621272d4ef53061287b619ce3c290d
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a19ed8aea395e8e07164ff7d85bd7dff2f24edca dc375fb0f3b7fbae740e8cfcd791b8bccb8a4e66 42ea7a5ce8aece67d16c6610a49560c1493d4653
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9c52d56f6f8a9cdafb231adf9f4110473099c9b5 c91a30f00fd182faf8ca5c03cd7dbcf8b735b458 4a5c5c78f2ecd4ed8859cd5ac773ff3a01bccf96
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953badbea5a04159adbfa970f5805c0232b6a401 4c958b15b250866b70ded7d82aa532f1e57f96ae 5664a678b29ab04cad425c15b2792f4519f43928
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471596fc1afcb9c6258d317c619eaf5fd394e797 4e89105d64bb9e04c409139a41e9c7aac263df4c 3e9035a9625c8a8a5e88361133e87ce455c4fc13
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9233d0426537615e06b78d28010d17d5a66adf44 6632739e94c6c38b4c5a86cf5c80c48ae50ac49f 18e151bc3f8a85f2766d64262902a9fcad44d937
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.. _available as a grafts file: https://github.com/ramiro/django-git-grafts
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Additionally, the following branches are closed, but their code was
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never merged into Django and the features they aimed to implement
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were never finished:
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* ``full-history``
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* ``generic-auth``
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* ``multiple-db-support``
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* ``per-object-permissions``
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* ``schema-evolution``
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* ``schema-evolution-ng``
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* ``search-api``
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* ``sqlalchemy``
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All of the above-mentioned branches now reside in ``attic``.
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Finally, the repository contains ``soc2009/xxx`` and ``soc2010/xxx`` feature
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branches, used for Google Summer of Code projects.
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Tags
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====
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Each Django release is tagged and signed by Django's release manager.
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The tags can be found on GitHub's `tags`_ page.
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.. _tags: https://github.com/django/django/tags
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