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90fb6a4648
Most of the credit for this large patch goes to Anssi Kääriäinen. Many thanks to all the people who contributed to the discussion.
244 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
244 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
===============
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Committing code
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===============
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This section is addressed to the :doc:`/internals/committers` and to anyone
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interested in knowing how code gets committed into Django core.
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Commit access
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-------------
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Django has two types of committers:
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Core committers
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These are people who have a long history of contributions to Django's
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codebase, a solid track record of being polite and helpful on the
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mailing lists, and a proven desire to dedicate serious time to Django's
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development. The bar is high for full commit access.
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Partial committers
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These are people who are "domain experts." They have direct check-in
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access to the subsystems that fall under their jurisdiction, and they're
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given a formal vote in questions that involve their subsystems. This type
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of access is likely to be given to someone who contributes a large
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subframework to Django and wants to continue to maintain it.
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Partial commit access is granted by the same process as full
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committers. However, the bar is set lower; proven expertise in the area
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in question is likely to be sufficient.
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Decisions on new committers will follow the process explained in
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:ref:`how-we-make-decisions`. To request commit access, please contact an
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existing committer privately. Public requests for commit access are potential
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flame-war starters, and will be ignored.
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Handling pull requests
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----------------------
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Since Django is now hosted at GitHub, many patches are provided in the form of
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pull requests. When committing a pull request, make sure each individual
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commit matches the commit guidelines described below. Contributors are
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expected to provide the best pull requests possible. However, in practice,
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committers are more familiar with the commit guidelines, and they may have to
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rewrite the commit history.
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Here is one way to commit a pull request::
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# Create a new branch tracking upstream/master -- upstream is assumed
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# to be django/django.
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git checkout -b pull_xxxx upstream/master
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# Download the patches from github and apply them.
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curl https://github.com/django/django/pull/XXXX.patch | git am
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At this point, you can work on the code. Use ``git rebase -i`` and ``git
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commit --amend`` to make sure the commits have the expected level of quality.
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Once you're ready::
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# Make sure master is ready to receive changes.
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git checkout master
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git pull upstream master
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# Merge the work as "fast-forward" to master, to avoid a merge commit.
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git merge --ff-only pull_xx
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# Check that only the changes you expect will be pushed to upstream.
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git push --dry-run upstream master
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# Push!
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git push upstream master
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# Get rid of the pull_xxxx branch.
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git branch -d pull_xxxx
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An alternative is to add the contributor's repository as a new remote, do a
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checkout of the branch and work from there::
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git remote add <contributor> https://github.com/<contributor>/django.git
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git checkout pull_xxxx <contributor> <contributor's pull request branch>
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At this point, you can work on the code and continue as above.
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GitHub provides a one-click merge functionality for pull requests. This should
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only be used if the pull request is 100% ready, and you have checked it for
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errors (or trust the request maker enough to skip checks). Currently, it isn't
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possible to control that the tests pass and that the docs build without
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downloading the changes to your developement environment.
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When rewriting the commit history of a pull request, the goal is to make
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Django's commit history is as usable as possible:
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* If a patch contains back-and-forth commits, then rewrite those into one.
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Typically, a commit can add some code, and a second commit can fix
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stylistic issues introduced in the first commit.
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* Separate changes to different commits by logical grouping: if you do a
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stylistic cleanup at the same time you do other changes to a file,
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separating the changes to two different commits will make reviewing
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history easier.
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* Beware of merges of upstream branches in the pull requests.
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* Tests should pass and docs should build after each commit. Neither the
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tests nor the docs should emit warnings.
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* Trivial and small patches usually are best done in one commit. Medium to
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large work should be split in multiple commits if possible.
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Practicality beats purity, so it is up to each committer to decide how much
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history mangling to do for a pull request. The main points are engaging the
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community, getting work done, and having an usable commit history.
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.. _committing-guidlines:
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Committing guidelines
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---------------------
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In addition, please follow the following guidelines when committing code to
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Django's Git repository:
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* Never change the published history of django/django branches! **Never force-
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push your changes to django/django.** If you absolutely must (for security
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reasons for example) first discuss the situation with the core team.
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* For any medium-to-big changes, where "medium-to-big" is according to
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your judgment, please bring things up on the `django-developers`_
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mailing list before making the change.
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If you bring something up on `django-developers`_ and nobody responds,
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please don't take that to mean your idea is great and should be
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implemented immediately because nobody contested it. Django's lead
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developers don't have a lot of time to read mailing-list discussions
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immediately, so you may have to wait a couple of days before getting a
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response.
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* Write detailed commit messages in the past tense, not present tense.
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* Good: "Fixed Unicode bug in RSS API."
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* Bad: "Fixes Unicode bug in RSS API."
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* Bad: "Fixing Unicode bug in RSS API."
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The commit message should be in lines of 72 chars maximum. There should be
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a subject line, separated by a blank line and then paragraphs of 72 char
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lines. The limits are soft. For the subject line, shorter is better. In the
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body of the commit message more detail is better than less::
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Fixed #18307 -- Added git workflow guidelines
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Refactored the Django's documentation to remove mentions of SVN
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specific tasks. Added guidelines of how to use Git, GitHub, and
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how to use pull request together with Trac instead.
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If the patch wasn't a pull request, you should credit the contributors in
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the commit message: "Thanks A for report, B for the patch and C for the
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review."
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* For commits to a branch, prefix the commit message with the branch name.
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For example: "[1.4.x] Fixed #NNNNN -- Added support for mind reading."
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* Limit commits to the most granular change that makes sense. This means,
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use frequent small commits rather than infrequent large commits. For
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example, if implementing feature X requires a small change to library Y,
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first commit the change to library Y, then commit feature X in a
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separate commit. This goes a *long way* in helping all core Django
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developers follow your changes.
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* Separate bug fixes from feature changes. Bugfixes may need to be backported
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to the stable branch, according to the :ref:`backwards-compatibility policy
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<backwards-compatibility-policy>`.
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* If your commit closes a ticket in the Django `ticket tracker`_, begin
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your commit message with the text "Fixed #NNNNN", where "NNNNN" is the
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number of the ticket your commit fixes. Example: "Fixed #123 -- Added
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whizbang feature.". We've rigged Trac so that any commit message in that
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format will automatically close the referenced ticket and post a comment
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to it with the full commit message.
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If your commit closes a ticket and is in a branch, use the branch name
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first, then the "Fixed #NNNNN." For example:
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"[1.4.x] Fixed #123 -- Added whizbang feature."
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For the curious, we're using a `Trac plugin`_ for this.
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.. _Trac plugin: https://github.com/aaugustin/trac-github
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* If your commit references a ticket in the Django `ticket tracker`_ but
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does *not* close the ticket, include the phrase "Refs #NNNNN", where "NNNNN"
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is the number of the ticket your commit references. This will automatically
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post a comment to the appropriate ticket.
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* Write commit messages for backports using this pattern::
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[<Django version>] Fixed <ticket> -- <description>
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Backport of <revision> from <branch>.
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For example::
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[1.3.x] Fixed #17028 - Changed diveintopython.org -> diveintopython.net.
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Backport of 80c0cbf1c97047daed2c5b41b296bbc56fe1d7e3 from trunk.
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Reverting commits
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-----------------
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Nobody's perfect; mistakes will be committed. When a mistaken commit is
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discovered, please follow these guidelines:
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* Try very hard to ensure that mistakes don't happen. Just because we
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have a reversion policy doesn't relax your responsibility to aim for
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the highest quality possible. Really: double-check your work, or have
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it checked by another committer, before you commit it in the first place!
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* If possible, have the original author revert his/her own commit.
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* Don't revert another author's changes without permission from the
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original author.
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* Use git revert -- this will make a reverse commit, but the original
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commit will still be part of the commit history.
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* If the original author can't be reached (within a reasonable amount
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of time -- a day or so) and the problem is severe -- crashing bug,
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major test failures, etc -- then ask for objections on the
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`django-developers`_ mailing list then revert if there are none.
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* If the problem is small (a feature commit after feature freeze,
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say), wait it out.
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* If there's a disagreement between the committer and the
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reverter-to-be then try to work it out on the `django-developers`_
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mailing list. If an agreement can't be reached then it should
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be put to a vote.
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* If the commit introduced a confirmed, disclosed security
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vulnerability then the commit may be reverted immediately without
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permission from anyone.
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* The release branch maintainer may back out commits to the release
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branch without permission if the commit breaks the release branch.
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* If you mistakenly push a topic branch to django/django, just delete it.
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For instance, if you did: ``git push upstream feature_antigravity``,
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just do a reverse push: ``git push upstream :feature_antigravity``.
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.. _django-developers: http://groups.google.com/group/django-developers
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.. _ticket tracker: https://code.djangoproject.com/newticket
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