mirror of
https://github.com/django/django.git
synced 2024-11-18 15:34:16 +00:00
97cb07c3a1
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@8506 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
132 lines
4.8 KiB
Plaintext
132 lines
4.8 KiB
Plaintext
.. _howto-static-files:
|
|
|
|
=========================
|
|
How to serve static files
|
|
=========================
|
|
|
|
.. module:: django.views.static
|
|
:synopsis: Serving of static files during development.
|
|
|
|
Django itself doesn't serve static (media) files, such as images, style sheets,
|
|
or video. It leaves that job to whichever Web server you choose.
|
|
|
|
The reasoning here is that standard Web servers, such as Apache_ and lighttpd_,
|
|
are much more fine-tuned at serving static files than a Web application
|
|
framework.
|
|
|
|
With that said, Django does support static files **during development**. You can
|
|
use the :func:`django.views.static.serve` view to serve media files.
|
|
|
|
.. _Apache: http://httpd.apache.org/
|
|
.. _lighttpd: http://www.lighttpd.net/
|
|
|
|
The big, fat disclaimer
|
|
=======================
|
|
|
|
Using this method is **inefficient** and **insecure**. Do not use this in a
|
|
production setting. Use this only for development.
|
|
|
|
For information on serving static files in an Apache production environment,
|
|
see the :ref:`Django mod_python documentation <serving-media-files>`.
|
|
|
|
How to do it
|
|
============
|
|
|
|
Here's the formal definition of the :func:`~django.views.static.serve` view:
|
|
|
|
.. function:: def serve(request, path, document_root, show_indexes=False):
|
|
|
|
To use it, just put this in your :ref:`URLconf <topics-http-urls>`::
|
|
|
|
(r'^site_media/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve', {'document_root': '/path/to/media'}),
|
|
|
|
...where ``site_media`` is the URL where your media will be rooted, and
|
|
``/path/to/media`` is the filesystem root for your media. This will call the
|
|
:func:`~django.views.static.serve` view, passing in the path from the URLconf
|
|
and the (required) ``document_root`` parameter.
|
|
|
|
Given the above URLconf:
|
|
|
|
* The file ``/path/to/media/foo.jpg`` will be made available at the URL
|
|
``/site_media/foo.jpg``.
|
|
|
|
* The file ``/path/to/media/css/mystyles.css`` will be made available
|
|
at the URL ``/site_media/css/mystyles.css``.
|
|
|
|
* The file ``/path/bar.jpg`` will not be accessible, because it doesn't
|
|
fall under the document root.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Directory listings
|
|
==================
|
|
|
|
Optionally, you can pass the ``show_indexes`` parameter to the
|
|
:func:`~django.views.static.serve` view. This is ``False`` by default. If it's
|
|
``True``, Django will display file listings for directories.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
(r'^site_media/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve', {'document_root': '/path/to/media', 'show_indexes': True}),
|
|
|
|
You can customize the index view by creating a template called
|
|
``static/directory_index.html``. That template gets two objects in its context:
|
|
|
|
* ``directory`` -- the directory name (a string)
|
|
* ``file_list`` -- a list of file names (as strings) in the directory
|
|
|
|
Here's the default ``static/directory_index`` template:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: html+django
|
|
|
|
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
|
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us" />
|
|
<meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE" />
|
|
<title>Index of {{ directory }}</title>
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body>
|
|
<h1>Index of {{ directory }}</h1>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
{% for f in file_list %}
|
|
<li><a href="{{ f }}">{{ f }}</a></li>
|
|
{% endfor %}
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|
|
|
|
Limiting use to DEBUG=True
|
|
==========================
|
|
|
|
Because URLconfs are just plain Python modules, you can use Python logic to
|
|
make the static-media view available only in development mode. This is a handy
|
|
trick to make sure the static-serving view doesn't slip into a production
|
|
setting by mistake.
|
|
|
|
Do this by wrapping an ``if DEBUG`` statement around the
|
|
:func:`django.views.static.serve` inclusion. Here's a full example URLconf::
|
|
|
|
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
|
|
from django.conf import settings
|
|
|
|
urlpatterns = patterns('',
|
|
(r'^articles/2003/$', 'news.views.special_case_2003'),
|
|
(r'^articles/(?P<year>\d{4})/$', 'news.views.year_archive'),
|
|
(r'^articles/(?P<year>\d{4})/(?P<month>\d{2})/$', 'news.views.month_archive'),
|
|
(r'^articles/(?P<year>\d{4})/(?P<month>\d{2})/(?P<day>\d+)/$', 'news.views.article_detail'),
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
if settings.DEBUG:
|
|
urlpatterns += patterns('',
|
|
(r'^site_media/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve', {'document_root': '/path/to/media'}),
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
This code is straightforward. It imports the settings and checks the value of
|
|
the :setting:`DEBUG` setting. If it evaluates to ``True``, then ``site_media``
|
|
will be associated with the ``django.views.static.serve`` view. If not, then the
|
|
view won't be made available.
|
|
|
|
Of course, the catch here is that you'll have to remember to set ``DEBUG=False``
|
|
in your production settings file. But you should be doing that anyway.
|