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176 lines
6.6 KiB
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176 lines
6.6 KiB
Plaintext
.. _postgis:
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==================
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Installing PostGIS
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==================
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`PostGIS`__ adds geographic object support to PostgreSQL, turning it
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into a spatial database. :ref:`geosbuild`, :ref:`proj4` and
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:ref:`gdalbuild` should be installed prior to building PostGIS. You
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might also need additional libraries, see `PostGIS requirements`_.
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.. note::
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The `psycopg2`_ module is required for use as the database adapter
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when using GeoDjango with PostGIS.
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.. _psycopg2: http://initd.org/psycopg/
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.. _PostGIS requirements: http://www.postgis.org/documentation/manual-2.0/postgis_installation.html#id554707
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On Debian/Ubuntu, you are advised to install the following packages:
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postgresql-x.x, postgresql-x.x-postgis, postgresql-server-dev-x.x,
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python-psycopg2 (x.x matching the PostgreSQL version you want to install).
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Please also consult platform-specific instructions if you are on :ref:`macosx`
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or :ref:`windows`.
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Building from source
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====================
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First download the source archive, and extract::
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$ wget http://download.osgeo.org/postgis/source/postgis-2.0.3.tar.gz
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$ tar xzf postgis-2.0.3.tar.gz
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$ cd postgis-2.0.3
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Next, configure, make and install PostGIS::
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$ ./configure
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Finally, make and install::
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$ make
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$ sudo make install
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$ cd ..
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.. note::
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GeoDjango does not automatically create a spatial database. Please consult
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the section on :ref:`spatialdb_template91` or
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:ref:`spatialdb_template_earlier` for more information.
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__ http://postgis.refractions.net/
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Post-installation
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=================
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.. _spatialdb_template:
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.. _spatialdb_template91:
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Creating a spatial database with PostGIS 2.0 and PostgreSQL 9.1+
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----------------------------------------------------------------
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PostGIS 2 includes an extension for Postgres 9.1+ that can be used to enable
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spatial functionality::
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$ createdb <db name>
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$ psql <db name>
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> CREATE EXTENSION postgis;
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> CREATE EXTENSION postgis_topology;
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No PostGIS topology functionalities are yet available from GeoDjango, so the
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creation of the ``postgis_topology`` extension is entirely optional.
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.. _spatialdb_template_earlier:
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Creating a spatial database template for earlier versions
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---------------------------------------------------------
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If you have an earlier version of PostGIS or PostgreSQL, the CREATE
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EXTENSION isn't available and you need to create the spatial database
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using the following instructions.
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Creating a spatial database with PostGIS is different than normal because
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additional SQL must be loaded to enable spatial functionality. Because of
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the steps in this process, it's better to create a database template that
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can be reused later.
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First, you need to be able to execute the commands as a privileged database
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user. For example, you can use the following to become the ``postgres`` user::
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$ sudo su - postgres
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.. note::
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The location *and* name of the PostGIS SQL files (e.g., from
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``POSTGIS_SQL_PATH`` below) depends on the version of PostGIS.
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PostGIS versions 1.3 and below use ``<pg_sharedir>/contrib/lwpostgis.sql``;
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whereas version 1.4 uses ``<sharedir>/contrib/postgis.sql`` and
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version 1.5 uses ``<sharedir>/contrib/postgis-1.5/postgis.sql``.
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To complicate matters, Debian/Ubuntu distributions have their own separate
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directory naming system that might change with time. In this case, use the
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:download:`create_template_postgis-debian.sh` script.
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The example below assumes PostGIS 1.5, thus you may need to modify
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``POSTGIS_SQL_PATH`` and the name of the SQL file for the specific
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version of PostGIS you are using.
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Once you're a database super user, then you may execute the following commands
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to create a PostGIS spatial database template::
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$ POSTGIS_SQL_PATH=`pg_config --sharedir`/contrib/postgis-2.0
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# Creating the template spatial database.
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$ createdb -E UTF8 template_postgis
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$ createlang -d template_postgis plpgsql # Adding PLPGSQL language support.
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# Allows non-superusers the ability to create from this template
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$ psql -d postgres -c "UPDATE pg_database SET datistemplate='true' WHERE datname='template_postgis';"
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# Loading the PostGIS SQL routines
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$ psql -d template_postgis -f $POSTGIS_SQL_PATH/postgis.sql
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$ psql -d template_postgis -f $POSTGIS_SQL_PATH/spatial_ref_sys.sql
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# Enabling users to alter spatial tables.
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$ psql -d template_postgis -c "GRANT ALL ON geometry_columns TO PUBLIC;"
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$ psql -d template_postgis -c "GRANT ALL ON geography_columns TO PUBLIC;"
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$ psql -d template_postgis -c "GRANT ALL ON spatial_ref_sys TO PUBLIC;"
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These commands may be placed in a shell script for later use; for convenience
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the following scripts are available:
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=============== =============================================
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PostGIS version Bash shell script
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=============== =============================================
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1.3 :download:`create_template_postgis-1.3.sh`
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1.4 :download:`create_template_postgis-1.4.sh`
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1.5 :download:`create_template_postgis-1.5.sh`
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Debian/Ubuntu :download:`create_template_postgis-debian.sh`
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=============== =============================================
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Afterwards, you may create a spatial database by simply specifying
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``template_postgis`` as the template to use (via the ``-T`` option)::
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$ createdb -T template_postgis <db name>
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.. note::
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While the ``createdb`` command does not require database super-user privileges,
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it must be executed by a database user that has permissions to create databases.
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You can create such a user with the following command::
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$ createuser --createdb <user>
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PostgreSQL's createdb fails
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---------------------------
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When the PostgreSQL cluster uses a non-UTF8 encoding, the
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:file:`create_template_postgis-*.sh` script will fail when executing
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``createdb``::
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createdb: database creation failed: ERROR: new encoding (UTF8) is incompatible
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with the encoding of the template database (SQL_ASCII)
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The `current workaround`__ is to re-create the cluster using UTF8 (back up any
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databases before dropping the cluster).
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__ http://jacobian.org/writing/pg-encoding-ubuntu/
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Managing the database
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---------------------
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To administer the database, you can either use the pgAdmin III program
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(:menuselection:`Start --> PostgreSQL 9.x --> pgAdmin III`) or the
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SQL Shell (:menuselection:`Start --> PostgreSQL 9.x --> SQL Shell`).
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For example, to create a ``geodjango`` spatial database and user, the following
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may be executed from the SQL Shell as the ``postgres`` user::
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postgres# CREATE USER geodjango PASSWORD 'my_passwd';
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postgres# CREATE DATABASE geodjango OWNER geodjango TEMPLATE template_postgis ENCODING 'utf8';
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