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8b5b199e20
Avoided introducing a new regex-based SQL splitter in the migrations framework, before we're bound by backwards compatibility. Adapted this change to the legacy "initial SQL data" feature, even though it's already deprecated, in order to facilitate the transition to migrations. sqlparse becomes mandatory for RunSQL on some databases (all but PostgreSQL). There's no API to provide a single statement and tell Django not to attempt splitting. Since we have a more robust splitting implementation, that seems like a good tradeoff. It's easier to add a new keyword argument later if necessary than to remove one. Many people contributed to both tickets, thank you all, and especially Claude for the review. Refs #22401.
263 lines
8.8 KiB
Plaintext
263 lines
8.8 KiB
Plaintext
==========
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Unit tests
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==========
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Django comes with a test suite of its own, in the ``tests`` directory of the
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code base. It's our policy to make sure all tests pass at all times.
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The tests cover:
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* Models, the database API and everything else in core Django core (``tests/``),
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* :ref:`contrib-apps` (``django/contrib/<app>/tests`` or ``tests/<app>_...``).
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We appreciate any and all contributions to the test suite!
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The Django tests all use the testing infrastructure that ships with Django for
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testing applications. See :doc:`/topics/testing/overview` for an explanation of
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how to write new tests.
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.. _running-unit-tests:
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Running the unit tests
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----------------------
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Quickstart
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~~~~~~~~~~
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Running the tests requires a Django settings module that defines the
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databases to use. To make it easy to get started, Django provides and uses a
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sample settings module that uses the SQLite database. To run the tests:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ git clone https://github.com:django/django.git django-repo
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$ cd django-repo/tests
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$ PYTHONPATH=..:$PYTHONPATH ./runtests.py
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.. versionchanged:: 1.7
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Older versions of Django required specifying a settings file:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ PYTHONPATH=..:$PYTHONPATH python ./runtests.py --settings=test_sqlite
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``runtests.py`` now uses ``test_sqlite`` by default if settings aren't provided
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through either ``--settings`` or :envvar:`DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE`.
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You can avoid typing the ``PYTHONPATH`` bit each time by adding your Django
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checkout to your ``PYTHONPATH`` or by installing the source checkout using pip.
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See :ref:`installing-development-version`.
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Having problems? See :ref:`troubleshooting-unit-tests` for some common issues.
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.. _running-unit-tests-settings:
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Using another ``settings`` module
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The included settings module allows you to run the test suite using
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SQLite. If you want to test behavior using a different database (and
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if you're proposing patches for Django, it's a good idea to test
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across databases), you may need to define your own settings file.
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To run the tests with different settings, ensure that the module is on your
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``PYTHONPATH`` and pass the module with ``--settings``.
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The :setting:`DATABASES` setting in any test settings module needs to define
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two databases:
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* A ``default`` database. This database should use the backend that
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you want to use for primary testing
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* A database with the alias ``other``. The ``other`` database is used to
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establish that queries can be directed to different databases. As a result,
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this database can use any backend you want. It doesn't need to use the same
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backend as the ``default`` database (although it can use the same backend if
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you want to). It cannot be the same database as the ``default``.
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If you're using a backend that isn't SQLite, you will need to provide other
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details for each database:
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* The :setting:`USER` option needs to specify an existing user account
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for the database. That user needs permission to execute ``CREATE DATABASE``
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so that the test database can be created.
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* The :setting:`PASSWORD` option needs to provide the password for
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the :setting:`USER` that has been specified.
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Test databases get their names by prepending ``test_`` to the value of the
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:setting:`NAME` settings for the databases defined in :setting:`DATABASES`.
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These test databases are deleted when the tests are finished.
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.. versionchanged:: 1.7
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Before Django 1.7, the :setting:`NAME` setting was mandatory and had to
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be the name of an existing database to which the given user had permission
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to connect.
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You will also need to ensure that your database uses UTF-8 as the default
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character set. If your database server doesn't use UTF-8 as a default charset,
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you will need to include a value for :setting:`TEST_CHARSET` in the settings
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dictionary for the applicable database.
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Running only some of the tests
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Django's entire test suite takes a while to run, and running every single test
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could be redundant if, say, you just added a test to Django that you want to
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run quickly without running everything else. You can run a subset of the unit
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tests by appending the names of the test modules to ``runtests.py`` on the
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command line.
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For example, if you'd like to run tests only for generic relations and
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internationalization, type:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ ./runtests.py --settings=path.to.settings generic_relations i18n
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How do you find out the names of individual tests? Look in ``tests/`` — each
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directory name there is the name of a test. Contrib app names are also valid
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test names.
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If you just want to run a particular class of tests, you can specify a list of
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paths to individual test classes. For example, to run the ``TranslationTests``
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of the ``i18n`` module, type:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ ./runtests.py --settings=path.to.settings i18n.tests.TranslationTests
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Going beyond that, you can specify an individual test method like this:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ ./runtests.py --settings=path.to.settings i18n.tests.TranslationTests.test_lazy_objects
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Running the Selenium tests
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Some admin tests require Selenium 2, Firefox and Python >= 2.6 to work via a
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real Web browser. To allow those tests to run and not be skipped, you must
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install the selenium_ package (version > 2.13) into your Python path and run
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the tests with the ``--selenium`` option:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ ./runtests.py --settings=test_sqlite --selenium admin_inlines
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.. _running-unit-tests-dependencies:
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Running all the tests
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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If you want to run the full suite of tests, you'll need to install a number of
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dependencies:
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* bcrypt_
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* docutils_
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* numpy_
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* Pillow_
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* PyYAML_
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* pytz_
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* setuptools_
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* memcached_, plus a :ref:`supported Python binding <memcached>`
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* gettext_ (:ref:`gettext_on_windows`)
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* selenium_
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* sqlparse_
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You can find these dependencies in `pip requirements files`_ inside the
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``tests/requirements`` directory of the Django source tree and install them
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like so:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ pip install -r tests/requirements/py2.txt # Python 3: py3.txt
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You can also install the database adapter(s) of your choice using
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``oracle.txt``, ``mysql.txt``, or ``postgres.txt``.
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If you want to test the memcached cache backend, you'll also need to define
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a :setting:`CACHES` setting that points at your memcached instance.
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To run the GeoDjango tests, you will need to :doc:`setup a spatial database
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and install the Geospatial libraries</ref/contrib/gis/install/index>`.
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Each of these dependencies is optional. If you're missing any of them, the
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associated tests will be skipped.
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.. _bcrypt: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/bcrypt
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.. _docutils: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/docutils
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.. _numpy: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/numpy
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.. _Pillow: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Pillow/
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.. _PyYAML: http://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAML
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.. _pytz: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pytz/
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.. _setuptools: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools/
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.. _memcached: http://memcached.org/
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.. _gettext: http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html
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.. _selenium: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/selenium
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.. _sqlparse: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/sqlparse
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.. _pip requirements files: http://www.pip-installer.org/en/latest/cookbook.html#requirements-files
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Code coverage
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Contributors are encouraged to run coverage on the test suite to identify areas
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that need additional tests. The coverage tool installation and use is described
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in :ref:`testing code coverage<topics-testing-code-coverage>`.
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To run coverage on the Django test suite using the standard test settings:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ coverage run ./runtests.py --settings=test_sqlite
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After running coverage, generate the html report by running:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ coverage html
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When running coverage for the Django tests, the included ``.coveragerc``
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settings file defines ``coverage_html`` as the output directory for the report
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and also excludes several directories not relevant to the results
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(test code or external code included in Django).
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.. _contrib-apps:
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Contrib apps
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------------
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Tests for contrib apps go in their respective directories under
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``django/contrib``, in a ``tests.py`` file. You can split the tests over
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multiple modules by using a ``tests`` directory in the normal Python way.
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If you have URLs that need to be mapped, put them in ``tests/urls.py``.
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To run tests for just one contrib app (e.g. ``auth``), use the same
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method as above:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ ./runtests.py --settings=settings django.contrib.auth
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.. _troubleshooting-unit-tests:
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Troubleshooting
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---------------
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Many test failures with ``UnicodeEncodeError``.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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If the ``locales`` package is not installed, some tests will fail with a
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``UnicodeEncodeError``.
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You can resolve this on Debian-based systems, for example, by running:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ apt-get install locales
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$ dpkg-reconfigure locales
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