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235 lines
8.1 KiB
Plaintext
235 lines
8.1 KiB
Plaintext
======================================
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``django.conf.urls`` utility functions
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======================================
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.. module:: django.conf.urls
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patterns()
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----------
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.. function:: patterns(prefix, pattern_description, ...)
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.. deprecated:: 1.8
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``urlpatterns`` should be a plain list of :func:`django.conf.urls.url`
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instances instead.
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A function that takes a prefix, and an arbitrary number of URL patterns, and
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returns a list of URL patterns in the format Django needs.
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The first argument to ``patterns()`` is a string ``prefix``. Here's the example
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URLconf from the :doc:`Django overview </intro/overview>`::
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from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
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urlpatterns = patterns('',
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url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', 'news.views.year_archive'),
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url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', 'news.views.month_archive'),
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url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', 'news.views.article_detail'),
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)
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In this example, each view has a common prefix -- ``'news.views'``.
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Instead of typing that out for each entry in ``urlpatterns``, you can use the
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first argument to the ``patterns()`` function to specify a prefix to apply to
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each view function.
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With this in mind, the above example can be written more concisely as::
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from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
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urlpatterns = patterns('news.views',
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url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', 'year_archive'),
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url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', 'month_archive'),
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url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', 'article_detail'),
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)
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Note that you don't put a trailing dot (``"."``) in the prefix. Django puts
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that in automatically.
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The remaining arguments should be tuples in this format::
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(regular expression, Python callback function [, optional_dictionary [, optional_name]])
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The ``optional_dictionary`` and ``optional_name`` parameters are described in
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:ref:`Passing extra options to view functions <views-extra-options>`.
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.. note::
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Because ``patterns()`` is a function call, it accepts a maximum of 255
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arguments (URL patterns, in this case). This is a limit for all Python
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function calls. This is rarely a problem in practice, because you'll
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typically structure your URL patterns modularly by using ``include()``
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sections. However, on the off-chance you do hit the 255-argument limit,
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realize that ``patterns()`` returns a Python list, so you can split up the
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construction of the list.
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::
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urlpatterns = patterns('',
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...
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)
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urlpatterns += patterns('',
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...
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)
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Python lists have unlimited size, so there's no limit to how many URL
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patterns you can construct. The only limit is that you can only create 254
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at a time (the 255th argument is the initial prefix argument).
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static()
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--------
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.. function:: static.static(prefix, view=django.views.static.serve, **kwargs)
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Helper function to return a URL pattern for serving files in debug mode::
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from django.conf import settings
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from django.conf.urls.static import static
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urlpatterns = [
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# ... the rest of your URLconf goes here ...
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] + static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)
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.. versionchanged:: 1.8
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The ``view`` argument changed from a string
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(``'django.views.static.serve'``) to the function.
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url()
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-----
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.. function:: url(regex, view, kwargs=None, name=None, prefix='')
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``urlpatterns`` should be a list of ``url()`` instances. For example::
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urlpatterns = [
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url(r'^index/$', index_view, name="main-view"),
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...
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]
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This function takes five arguments, most of which are optional::
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url(regex, view, kwargs=None, name=None, prefix='')
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The ``kwargs`` parameter allows you to pass additional arguments to the view
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function or method. See :ref:`views-extra-options` for an example.
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See :ref:`Naming URL patterns <naming-url-patterns>` for why the ``name``
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parameter is useful.
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.. deprecated:: 1.8
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Support for string ``view`` arguments is deprecated and will be removed in
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Django 1.10. Pass the callable instead.
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The ``prefix`` parameter has the same meaning as the first argument to
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``patterns()`` and is only relevant when you're passing a string as the
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``view`` parameter.
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include()
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---------
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.. function:: include(module, namespace=None, app_name=None)
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include(pattern_list)
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include((pattern_list, app_namespace), namespace=None)
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include((pattern_list, app_namespace, instance_namespace))
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A function that takes a full Python import path to another URLconf module
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that should be "included" in this place. Optionally, the :term:`application
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namespace` and :term:`instance namespace` where the entries will be included
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into can also be specified.
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Usually, the application namespace should be specified by the included
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module. If an application namespace is set, the ``namespace`` argument
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can be used to set a different instance namespace.
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``include()`` also accepts as an argument either an iterable that returns
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URL patterns, a 2-tuple containing such iterable plus the names of the
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application namespaces, or a 3-tuple containing the iterable and the names
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of both the application and instance namespace.
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:arg module: URLconf module (or module name)
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:arg namespace: Instance namespace for the URL entries being included
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:type namespace: string
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:arg app_name: Application namespace for the URL entries being included
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:type app_name: string
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:arg pattern_list: Iterable of :func:`django.conf.urls.url` instances
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:arg app_namespace: Application namespace for the URL entries being included
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:type app_namespace: string
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:arg instance_namespace: Instance namespace for the URL entries being included
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:type instance_namespace: string
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See :ref:`including-other-urlconfs` and :ref:`namespaces-and-include`.
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.. deprecated:: 1.9
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Support for the ``app_name`` argument is deprecated and will be removed in
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Django 2.0. Specify the ``app_name`` as explained in
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:ref:`namespaces-and-include` instead.
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Support for passing a 3-tuple is also deprecated and will be removed in
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Django 2.0. Pass a 2-tuple containing the pattern list and application
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namespace, and use the ``namespace`` argument instead.
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Lastly, support for an instance namespace without an application namespace
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has been deprecated and will be removed in Django 2.0. Specify the
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application namespace or remove the instance namespace.
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handler400
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----------
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.. data:: handler400
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A callable, or a string representing the full Python import path to the view
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that should be called if the HTTP client has sent a request that caused an error
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condition and a response with a status code of 400.
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By default, this is ``'django.views.defaults.bad_request'``. That default
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value should suffice.
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See the documentation about :ref:`the 400 (bad request) view
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<http_bad_request_view>` for more information.
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handler403
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----------
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.. data:: handler403
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A callable, or a string representing the full Python import path to the view
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that should be called if the user doesn't have the permissions required to
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access a resource.
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By default, this is ``'django.views.defaults.permission_denied'``. That default
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value should suffice.
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See the documentation about :ref:`the 403 (HTTP Forbidden) view
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<http_forbidden_view>` for more information.
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handler404
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----------
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.. data:: handler404
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A callable, or a string representing the full Python import path to the view
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that should be called if none of the URL patterns match.
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By default, this is ``'django.views.defaults.page_not_found'``. That default
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value should suffice.
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See the documentation about :ref:`the 404 (HTTP Not Found) view
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<http_not_found_view>` for more information.
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handler500
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----------
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.. data:: handler500
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A callable, or a string representing the full Python import path to the view
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that should be called in case of server errors. Server errors happen when you
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have runtime errors in view code.
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By default, this is ``'django.views.defaults.server_error'``. That default
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value should suffice.
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See the documentation about :ref:`the 500 (HTTP Internal Server Error) view
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<http_internal_server_error_view>` for more information.
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