mirror of
https://github.com/django/django.git
synced 2024-12-27 11:35:53 +00:00
090aa5210e
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@5654 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
832 lines
31 KiB
Plaintext
832 lines
31 KiB
Plaintext
==============================
|
|
The syndication feed framework
|
|
==============================
|
|
|
|
Django comes with a high-level syndication-feed-generating framework that makes
|
|
creating RSS_ and Atom_ feeds easy.
|
|
|
|
To create any syndication feed, all you have to do is write a short Python
|
|
class. You can create as many feeds as you want.
|
|
|
|
Django also comes with a lower-level feed-generating API. Use this if you want
|
|
to generate feeds outside of a Web context, or in some other lower-level way.
|
|
|
|
.. _RSS: http://www.whatisrss.com/
|
|
.. _Atom: http://www.atomenabled.org/
|
|
|
|
The high-level framework
|
|
========================
|
|
|
|
Overview
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
The high-level feed-generating framework is a view that's hooked to ``/feeds/``
|
|
by default. Django uses the remainder of the URL (everything after ``/feeds/``)
|
|
to determine which feed to output.
|
|
|
|
To create a feed, just write a ``Feed`` class and point to it in your URLconf_.
|
|
|
|
.. _URLconf: ../url_dispatch/
|
|
|
|
Initialization
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
If you're not using the latest Django development version, you'll need to make
|
|
sure Django's sites framework is installed -- including its database table.
|
|
(See the `sites framework documentation`_ for more information.) This has
|
|
changed in the Django development version; the syndication feed framework no
|
|
longer requires the sites framework.
|
|
|
|
To activate syndication feeds on your Django site, add this line to your
|
|
URLconf_::
|
|
|
|
(r'^feeds/(?P<url>.*)/$', 'django.contrib.syndication.views.feed', {'feed_dict': feeds}),
|
|
|
|
This tells Django to use the RSS framework to handle all URLs starting with
|
|
``"feeds/"``. (You can change that ``"feeds/"`` prefix to fit your own needs.)
|
|
|
|
This URLconf line has an extra argument: ``{'feed_dict': feeds}``. Use this
|
|
extra argument to pass the syndication framework the feeds that should be
|
|
published under that URL.
|
|
|
|
Specifically, ``feed_dict`` should be a dictionary that maps a feed's slug
|
|
(short URL label) to its ``Feed`` class.
|
|
|
|
You can define the ``feed_dict`` in the URLconf itself. Here's a full example
|
|
URLconf::
|
|
|
|
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
|
|
from myproject.feeds import LatestEntries, LatestEntriesByCategory
|
|
|
|
feeds = {
|
|
'latest': LatestEntries,
|
|
'categories': LatestEntriesByCategory,
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
urlpatterns = patterns('',
|
|
# ...
|
|
(r'^feeds/(?P<url>.*)/$', 'django.contrib.syndication.views.feed',
|
|
{'feed_dict': feeds}),
|
|
# ...
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
The above example registers two feeds:
|
|
|
|
* The feed represented by ``LatestEntries`` will live at ``feeds/latest/``.
|
|
* The feed represented by ``LatestEntriesByCategory`` will live at
|
|
``feeds/categories/``.
|
|
|
|
Once that's set up, you just need to define the ``Feed`` classes themselves.
|
|
|
|
.. _sites framework documentation: ../sites/
|
|
.. _URLconf: ../url_dispatch/
|
|
.. _settings file: ../settings/
|
|
|
|
Feed classes
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
A ``Feed`` class is a simple Python class that represents a syndication feed.
|
|
A feed can be simple (e.g., a "site news" feed, or a basic feed displaying
|
|
the latest entries of a blog) or more complex (e.g., a feed displaying all the
|
|
blog entries in a particular category, where the category is variable).
|
|
|
|
``Feed`` classes must subclass ``django.contrib.syndication.feeds.Feed``. They
|
|
can live anywhere in your codebase.
|
|
|
|
A simple example
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
This simple example, taken from `chicagocrime.org`_, describes a feed of the
|
|
latest five news items::
|
|
|
|
from django.contrib.syndication.feeds import Feed
|
|
from chicagocrime.models import NewsItem
|
|
|
|
class LatestEntries(Feed):
|
|
title = "Chicagocrime.org site news"
|
|
link = "/sitenews/"
|
|
description = "Updates on changes and additions to chicagocrime.org."
|
|
|
|
def items(self):
|
|
return NewsItem.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
|
|
|
|
Note:
|
|
|
|
* The class subclasses ``django.contrib.syndication.feeds.Feed``.
|
|
* ``title``, ``link`` and ``description`` correspond to the standard
|
|
RSS ``<title>``, ``<link>`` and ``<description>`` elements, respectively.
|
|
* ``items()`` is, simply, a method that returns a list of objects that
|
|
should be included in the feed as ``<item>`` elements. Although this
|
|
example returns ``NewsItem`` objects using Django's
|
|
`object-relational mapper`_, ``items()`` doesn't have to return model
|
|
instances. Although you get a few bits of functionality "for free" by
|
|
using Django models, ``items()`` can return any type of object you want.
|
|
* If you're creating an Atom feed, rather than an RSS feed, set the
|
|
``subtitle`` attribute instead of the ``description`` attribute. See
|
|
`Publishing Atom and RSS feeds in tandem`_, later, for an example.
|
|
|
|
One thing's left to do. In an RSS feed, each ``<item>`` has a ``<title>``,
|
|
``<link>`` and ``<description>``. We need to tell the framework what data to
|
|
put into those elements.
|
|
|
|
* To specify the contents of ``<title>`` and ``<description>``, create
|
|
`Django templates`_ called ``feeds/latest_title.html`` and
|
|
``feeds/latest_description.html``, where ``latest`` is the ``slug``
|
|
specified in the URLconf for the given feed. Note the ``.html`` extension
|
|
is required. The RSS system renders that template for each item, passing
|
|
it two template context variables:
|
|
|
|
* ``{{ obj }}`` -- The current object (one of whichever objects you
|
|
returned in ``items()``).
|
|
* ``{{ site }}`` -- A ``django.contrib.sites.models.Site`` object
|
|
representing the current site. This is useful for
|
|
``{{ site.domain }}`` or ``{{ site.name }}``. Note that if you're
|
|
using the latest Django development version and do *not* have the
|
|
Django sites framework installed, this will be set to a
|
|
``django.contrib.sites.models.RequestSite`` object. See the
|
|
`RequestSite section of the sites framework documentation`_ for
|
|
more.
|
|
|
|
If you don't create a template for either the title or description, the
|
|
framework will use the template ``"{{ obj }}"`` by default -- that is,
|
|
the normal string representation of the object. You can also change the
|
|
names of these two templates by specifying ``title_template`` and
|
|
``description_template`` as attributes of your ``Feed`` class.
|
|
* To specify the contents of ``<link>``, you have two options. For each
|
|
item in ``items()``, Django first tries executing a
|
|
``get_absolute_url()`` method on that object. If that method doesn't
|
|
exist, it tries calling a method ``item_link()`` in the ``Feed`` class,
|
|
passing it a single parameter, ``item``, which is the object itself.
|
|
Both ``get_absolute_url()`` and ``item_link()`` should return the item's
|
|
URL as a normal Python string. As with ``get_absolute_url()``, the
|
|
result of ``item_link()`` will be included directly in the URL, so you
|
|
are responsible for doing all necessary URL quoting and conversion to
|
|
ASCII inside the method itself.
|
|
|
|
* For the LatestEntries example above, we could have very simple feed templates:
|
|
|
|
* latest_title.html::
|
|
|
|
{{ obj.title }}
|
|
|
|
* latest_description.html::
|
|
|
|
{{ obj.description }}
|
|
|
|
.. _chicagocrime.org: http://www.chicagocrime.org/
|
|
.. _object-relational mapper: ../db-api/
|
|
.. _Django templates: ../templates/
|
|
.. _RequestSite section of the sites framework documentation: ../sites/#requestsite-objects
|
|
|
|
A complex example
|
|
-----------------
|
|
|
|
The framework also supports more complex feeds, via parameters.
|
|
|
|
For example, `chicagocrime.org`_ offers an RSS feed of recent crimes for every
|
|
police beat in Chicago. It'd be silly to create a separate ``Feed`` class for
|
|
each police beat; that would violate the `DRY principle`_ and would couple data
|
|
to programming logic. Instead, the syndication framework lets you make generic
|
|
feeds that output items based on information in the feed's URL.
|
|
|
|
On chicagocrime.org, the police-beat feeds are accessible via URLs like this:
|
|
|
|
* ``/rss/beats/0613/`` -- Returns recent crimes for beat 0613.
|
|
* ``/rss/beats/1424/`` -- Returns recent crimes for beat 1424.
|
|
|
|
The slug here is ``"beats"``. The syndication framework sees the extra URL bits
|
|
after the slug -- ``0613`` and ``1424`` -- and gives you a hook to tell it what
|
|
those URL bits mean, and how they should influence which items get published in
|
|
the feed.
|
|
|
|
An example makes this clear. Here's the code for these beat-specific feeds::
|
|
|
|
class BeatFeed(Feed):
|
|
def get_object(self, bits):
|
|
# In case of "/rss/beats/0613/foo/bar/baz/", or other such clutter,
|
|
# check that bits has only one member.
|
|
if len(bits) != 1:
|
|
raise ObjectDoesNotExist
|
|
return Beat.objects.get(beat__exact=bits[0])
|
|
|
|
def title(self, obj):
|
|
return "Chicagocrime.org: Crimes for beat %s" % obj.beat
|
|
|
|
def link(self, obj):
|
|
return obj.get_absolute_url()
|
|
|
|
def description(self, obj):
|
|
return "Crimes recently reported in police beat %s" % obj.beat
|
|
|
|
def items(self, obj):
|
|
return Crime.objects.filter(beat__id__exact=obj.id).order_by('-crime_date')[:30]
|
|
|
|
Here's the basic algorithm the RSS framework follows, given this class and a
|
|
request to the URL ``/rss/beats/0613/``:
|
|
|
|
* The framework gets the URL ``/rss/beats/0613/`` and notices there's
|
|
an extra bit of URL after the slug. It splits that remaining string by
|
|
the slash character (``"/"``) and calls the ``Feed`` class'
|
|
``get_object()`` method, passing it the bits. In this case, bits is
|
|
``['0613']``. For a request to ``/rss/beats/0613/foo/bar/``, bits would
|
|
be ``['0613', 'foo', 'bar']``.
|
|
* ``get_object()`` is responsible for retrieving the given beat, from the
|
|
given ``bits``. In this case, it uses the Django database API to retrieve
|
|
the beat. Note that ``get_object()`` should raise
|
|
``django.core.exceptions.ObjectDoesNotExist`` if given invalid
|
|
parameters. There's no ``try``/``except`` around the
|
|
``Beat.objects.get()`` call, because it's not necessary; that function
|
|
raises ``Beat.DoesNotExist`` on failure, and ``Beat.DoesNotExist`` is a
|
|
subclass of ``ObjectDoesNotExist``. Raising ``ObjectDoesNotExist`` in
|
|
``get_object()`` tells Django to produce a 404 error for that request.
|
|
* To generate the feed's ``<title>``, ``<link>`` and ``<description>``,
|
|
Django uses the ``title()``, ``link()`` and ``description()`` methods. In
|
|
the previous example, they were simple string class attributes, but this
|
|
example illustrates that they can be either strings *or* methods. For
|
|
each of ``title``, ``link`` and ``description``, Django follows this
|
|
algorithm:
|
|
|
|
* First, it tries to call a method, passing the ``obj`` argument, where
|
|
``obj`` is the object returned by ``get_object()``.
|
|
* Failing that, it tries to call a method with no arguments.
|
|
* Failing that, it uses the class attribute.
|
|
|
|
* Finally, note that ``items()`` in this example also takes the ``obj``
|
|
argument. The algorithm for ``items`` is the same as described in the
|
|
previous step -- first, it tries ``items(obj)``, then ``items()``, then
|
|
finally an ``items`` class attribute (which should be a list).
|
|
|
|
The ``ExampleFeed`` class below gives full documentation on methods and
|
|
attributes of ``Feed`` classes.
|
|
|
|
.. _DRY principle: http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?DontRepeatYourself
|
|
|
|
Specifying the type of feed
|
|
---------------------------
|
|
|
|
By default, feeds produced in this framework use RSS 2.0.
|
|
|
|
To change that, add a ``feed_type`` attribute to your ``Feed`` class, like so::
|
|
|
|
from django.utils.feedgenerator import Atom1Feed
|
|
|
|
class MyFeed(Feed):
|
|
feed_type = Atom1Feed
|
|
|
|
Note that you set ``feed_type`` to a class object, not an instance.
|
|
|
|
Currently available feed types are:
|
|
|
|
* ``django.utils.feedgenerator.Rss201rev2Feed`` (RSS 2.01. Default.)
|
|
* ``django.utils.feedgenerator.RssUserland091Feed`` (RSS 0.91.)
|
|
* ``django.utils.feedgenerator.Atom1Feed`` (Atom 1.0.)
|
|
|
|
Enclosures
|
|
----------
|
|
|
|
To specify enclosures, such as those used in creating podcast feeds, use the
|
|
``item_enclosure_url``, ``item_enclosure_length`` and
|
|
``item_enclosure_mime_type`` hooks. See the ``ExampleFeed`` class below for
|
|
usage examples.
|
|
|
|
Language
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
Feeds created by the syndication framework automatically include the
|
|
appropriate ``<language>`` tag (RSS 2.0) or ``xml:lang`` attribute (Atom). This
|
|
comes directly from your `LANGUAGE_CODE setting`_.
|
|
|
|
.. _LANGUAGE_CODE setting: ../settings/#language-code
|
|
|
|
URLs
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
The ``link`` method/attribute can return either an absolute URL (e.g.
|
|
``"/blog/"``) or a URL with the fully-qualified domain and protocol (e.g.
|
|
``"http://www.example.com/blog/"``). If ``link`` doesn't return the domain,
|
|
the syndication framework will insert the domain of the current site, according
|
|
to your `SITE_ID setting`_.
|
|
|
|
Atom feeds require a ``<link rel="self">`` that defines the feed's current
|
|
location. The syndication framework populates this automatically, using the
|
|
domain of the current site according to the SITE_ID setting.
|
|
|
|
.. _SITE_ID setting: ../settings/#site-id
|
|
|
|
Publishing Atom and RSS feeds in tandem
|
|
---------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Some developers like to make available both Atom *and* RSS versions of their
|
|
feeds. That's easy to do with Django: Just create a subclass of your ``Feed``
|
|
class and set the ``feed_type`` to something different. Then update your
|
|
URLconf to add the extra versions.
|
|
|
|
Here's a full example::
|
|
|
|
from django.contrib.syndication.feeds import Feed
|
|
from chicagocrime.models import NewsItem
|
|
from django.utils.feedgenerator import Atom1Feed
|
|
|
|
class RssSiteNewsFeed(Feed):
|
|
title = "Chicagocrime.org site news"
|
|
link = "/sitenews/"
|
|
description = "Updates on changes and additions to chicagocrime.org."
|
|
|
|
def items(self):
|
|
return NewsItem.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
|
|
|
|
class AtomSiteNewsFeed(RssSiteNewsFeed):
|
|
feed_type = Atom1Feed
|
|
subtitle = RssSiteNewsFeed.description
|
|
|
|
.. Note::
|
|
In this example, the RSS feed uses a ``description`` while the Atom feed
|
|
uses a ``subtitle``. That's because Atom feeds don't provide for a
|
|
feed-level "description," but they *do* provide for a "subtitle."
|
|
|
|
If you provide a ``description`` in your ``Feed`` class, Django will *not*
|
|
automatically put that into the ``subtitle`` element, because a subtitle
|
|
and description are not necessarily the same thing. Instead, you should
|
|
define a ``subtitle`` attribute.
|
|
|
|
In the above example, we simply set the Atom feed's ``subtitle`` to the
|
|
RSS feed's ``description``, because it's quite short already.
|
|
|
|
And the accompanying URLconf::
|
|
|
|
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
|
|
from myproject.feeds import RssSiteNewsFeed, AtomSiteNewsFeed
|
|
|
|
feeds = {
|
|
'rss': RssSiteNewsFeed,
|
|
'atom': AtomSiteNewsFeed,
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
urlpatterns = patterns('',
|
|
# ...
|
|
(r'^feeds/(?P<url>.*)/$', 'django.contrib.syndication.views.feed',
|
|
{'feed_dict': feeds}),
|
|
# ...
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
Feed class reference
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
This example illustrates all possible attributes and methods for a ``Feed`` class::
|
|
|
|
from django.contrib.syndication.feeds import Feed
|
|
from django.utils import feedgenerator
|
|
|
|
class ExampleFeed(Feed):
|
|
|
|
# FEED TYPE -- Optional. This should be a class that subclasses
|
|
# django.utils.feedgenerator.SyndicationFeed. This designates which
|
|
# type of feed this should be: RSS 2.0, Atom 1.0, etc.
|
|
# If you don't specify feed_type, your feed will be RSS 2.0.
|
|
# This should be a class, not an instance of the class.
|
|
|
|
feed_type = feedgenerator.Rss201rev2Feed
|
|
|
|
# TEMPLATE NAMES -- Optional. These should be strings representing
|
|
# names of Django templates that the system should use in rendering the
|
|
# title and description of your feed items. Both are optional.
|
|
# If you don't specify one, or either, Django will use the template
|
|
# 'feeds/SLUG_title.html' and 'feeds/SLUG_description.html', where SLUG
|
|
# is the slug you specify in the URL.
|
|
|
|
title_template = None
|
|
description_template = None
|
|
|
|
# TITLE -- One of the following three is required. The framework looks
|
|
# for them in this order.
|
|
|
|
def title(self, obj):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns the feed's
|
|
title as a normal Python string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def title(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the feed's title as a normal Python string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
title = 'foo' # Hard-coded title.
|
|
|
|
# LINK -- One of the following three is required. The framework looks
|
|
# for them in this order.
|
|
|
|
def link(self, obj):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns the feed's
|
|
link as a normal Python string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def link(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the feed's link as a normal Python string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
link = '/foo/bar/' # Hard-coded link.
|
|
|
|
# GUID -- One of the following three is optional. The framework looks
|
|
# for them in this order. This property is only used for Atom feeds
|
|
# (where it is the feed-level ID element). If not provided, the feed
|
|
# link is used as the ID.
|
|
#
|
|
# (New in Django development version)
|
|
|
|
def feed_guid(self, obj):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns the globally
|
|
unique ID for the feed as a normal Python string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def feed_guid(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the feed's globally unique ID as a normal Python string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
feed_guid = '/foo/bar/1234' # Hard-coded guid.
|
|
|
|
# DESCRIPTION -- One of the following three is required. The framework
|
|
# looks for them in this order.
|
|
|
|
def description(self, obj):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns the feed's
|
|
description as a normal Python string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def description(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the feed's description as a normal Python string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
description = 'Foo bar baz.' # Hard-coded description.
|
|
|
|
# AUTHOR NAME --One of the following three is optional. The framework
|
|
# looks for them in this order.
|
|
|
|
def author_name(self, obj):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns the feed's
|
|
author's name as a normal Python string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def author_name(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the feed's author's name as a normal Python string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
author_name = 'Sally Smith' # Hard-coded author name.
|
|
|
|
# AUTHOR E-MAIL --One of the following three is optional. The framework
|
|
# looks for them in this order.
|
|
|
|
def author_email(self, obj):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns the feed's
|
|
author's e-mail as a normal Python string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def author_email(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the feed's author's e-mail as a normal Python string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
author_email = 'test@example.com' # Hard-coded author e-mail.
|
|
|
|
# AUTHOR LINK --One of the following three is optional. The framework
|
|
# looks for them in this order. In each case, the URL should include
|
|
# the "http://" and domain name.
|
|
|
|
def author_link(self, obj):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns the feed's
|
|
author's URL as a normal Python string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def author_link(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the feed's author's URL as a normal Python string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
author_link = 'http://www.example.com/' # Hard-coded author URL.
|
|
|
|
# CATEGORIES -- One of the following three is optional. The framework
|
|
# looks for them in this order. In each case, the method/attribute
|
|
# should return an iterable object that returns strings.
|
|
|
|
def categories(self, obj):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns the feed's
|
|
categories as iterable over strings.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def categories(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the feed's categories as iterable over strings.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
categories = ("python", "django") # Hard-coded list of categories.
|
|
|
|
# COPYRIGHT NOTICE -- One of the following three is optional. The
|
|
# framework looks for them in this order.
|
|
|
|
def copyright(self, obj):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns the feed's
|
|
copyright notice as a normal Python string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def copyright(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the feed's copyright notice as a normal Python string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
copyright = 'Copyright (c) 2007, Sally Smith' # Hard-coded copyright notice.
|
|
|
|
# ITEMS -- One of the following three is required. The framework looks
|
|
# for them in this order.
|
|
|
|
def items(self, obj):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns a list of
|
|
items to publish in this feed.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def items(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns a list of items to publish in this feed.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
items = ('Item 1', 'Item 2') # Hard-coded items.
|
|
|
|
# GET_OBJECT -- This is required for feeds that publish different data
|
|
# for different URL parameters. (See "A complex example" above.)
|
|
|
|
def get_object(self, bits):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes a list of strings gleaned from the URL and returns an object
|
|
represented by this feed. Raises
|
|
django.core.exceptions.ObjectDoesNotExist on error.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
# ITEM LINK -- One of these three is required. The framework looks for
|
|
# them in this order.
|
|
|
|
# First, the framework tries the get_absolute_url() method on each item
|
|
# returned by items(). Failing that, it tries these two methods:
|
|
|
|
def item_link(self, item):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's URL.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def item_link(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the URL for every item in the feed.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
# ITEM_GUID -- The following method is optional. This property is
|
|
# only used for Atom feeds (it is the ID element for an item in an
|
|
# Atom feed). If not provided, the item's link is used by default.
|
|
#
|
|
# (New in Django development version)
|
|
|
|
def item_guid(self, obj):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes an item, as return by items(), and returns the item's ID.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
# ITEM AUTHOR NAME -- One of the following three is optional. The
|
|
# framework looks for them in this order.
|
|
|
|
def item_author_name(self, item):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
|
|
author's name as a normal Python string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def item_author_name(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the author name for every item in the feed.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
item_author_name = 'Sally Smith' # Hard-coded author name.
|
|
|
|
# ITEM AUTHOR E-MAIL --One of the following three is optional. The
|
|
# framework looks for them in this order.
|
|
#
|
|
# If you specify this, you must specify item_author_name.
|
|
|
|
def item_author_email(self, obj):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
|
|
author's e-mail as a normal Python string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def item_author_email(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the author e-mail for every item in the feed.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
item_author_email = 'test@example.com' # Hard-coded author e-mail.
|
|
|
|
# ITEM AUTHOR LINK --One of the following three is optional. The
|
|
# framework looks for them in this order. In each case, the URL should
|
|
# include the "http://" and domain name.
|
|
#
|
|
# If you specify this, you must specify item_author_name.
|
|
|
|
def item_author_link(self, obj):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
|
|
author's URL as a normal Python string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def item_author_link(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the author URL for every item in the feed.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
item_author_link = 'http://www.example.com/' # Hard-coded author URL.
|
|
|
|
# ITEM ENCLOSURE URL -- One of these three is required if you're
|
|
# publishing enclosures. The framework looks for them in this order.
|
|
|
|
def item_enclosure_url(self, item):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
|
|
enclosure URL.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def item_enclosure_url(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the enclosure URL for every item in the feed.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
item_enclosure_url = "/foo/bar.mp3" # Hard-coded enclosure link.
|
|
|
|
# ITEM ENCLOSURE LENGTH -- One of these three is required if you're
|
|
# publishing enclosures. The framework looks for them in this order.
|
|
# In each case, the returned value should be either an integer, or a
|
|
# string representation of the integer, in bytes.
|
|
|
|
def item_enclosure_length(self, item):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
|
|
enclosure length.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def item_enclosure_length(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the enclosure length for every item in the feed.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
item_enclosure_length = 32000 # Hard-coded enclosure length.
|
|
|
|
# ITEM ENCLOSURE MIME TYPE -- One of these three is required if you're
|
|
# publishing enclosures. The framework looks for them in this order.
|
|
|
|
def item_enclosure_mime_type(self, item):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
|
|
enclosure MIME type.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def item_enclosure_mime_type(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the enclosure MIME type for every item in the feed.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
item_enclosure_mime_type = "audio/mpeg" # Hard-coded enclosure MIME type.
|
|
|
|
# ITEM PUBDATE -- It's optional to use one of these three. This is a
|
|
# hook that specifies how to get the pubdate for a given item.
|
|
# In each case, the method/attribute should return a Python
|
|
# datetime.datetime object.
|
|
|
|
def item_pubdate(self, item):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
|
|
pubdate.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def item_pubdate(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the pubdate for every item in the feed.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
item_pubdate = datetime.datetime(2005, 5, 3) # Hard-coded pubdate.
|
|
|
|
# ITEM CATEGORIES -- It's optional to use one of these three. This is
|
|
# a hook that specifies how to get the list of categories for a given
|
|
# item. In each case, the method/attribute should return an iterable
|
|
# object that returns strings.
|
|
|
|
def item_categories(self, item):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
|
|
categories.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def item_categories(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the categories for every item in the feed.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
item_categories = ("python", "django") # Hard-coded categories.
|
|
|
|
# ITEM COPYRIGHT NOTICE (only applicable to Atom feeds) -- One of the
|
|
# following three is optional. The framework looks for them in this
|
|
# order.
|
|
|
|
def item_copyright(self, obj):
|
|
"""
|
|
Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
|
|
copyright notice as a normal Python string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def item_copyright(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the copyright notice for every item in the feed.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
item_copyright = 'Copyright (c) 2007, Sally Smith' # Hard-coded copyright notice.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The low-level framework
|
|
=======================
|
|
|
|
Behind the scenes, the high-level RSS framework uses a lower-level framework
|
|
for generating feeds' XML. This framework lives in a single module:
|
|
`django/utils/feedgenerator.py`_.
|
|
|
|
Feel free to use this framework on your own, for lower-level tasks.
|
|
|
|
The ``feedgenerator`` module contains a base class ``SyndicationFeed`` and
|
|
several subclasses:
|
|
|
|
* ``RssUserland091Feed``
|
|
* ``Rss201rev2Feed``
|
|
* ``Atom1Feed``
|
|
|
|
Each of these three classes knows how to render a certain type of feed as XML.
|
|
They share this interface:
|
|
|
|
``__init__(title, link, description, language=None, author_email=None,``
|
|
``author_name=None, author_link=None, subtitle=None, categories=None,``
|
|
``feed_url=None)``
|
|
|
|
Initializes the feed with the given metadata, which applies to the entire feed
|
|
(i.e., not just to a specific item in the feed).
|
|
|
|
All parameters, if given, should be Unicode objects, except ``categories``,
|
|
which should be a sequence of Unicode objects.
|
|
|
|
``add_item(title, link, description, author_email=None, author_name=None,``
|
|
``pubdate=None, comments=None, unique_id=None, enclosure=None, categories=())``
|
|
|
|
Add an item to the feed with the given parameters. All parameters, if given,
|
|
should be Unicode objects, except:
|
|
|
|
* ``pubdate`` should be a `Python datetime object`_.
|
|
* ``enclosure`` should be an instance of ``feedgenerator.Enclosure``.
|
|
* ``categories`` should be a sequence of Unicode objects.
|
|
|
|
``write(outfile, encoding)``
|
|
|
|
Outputs the feed in the given encoding to outfile, which is a file-like object.
|
|
|
|
``writeString(encoding)``
|
|
|
|
Returns the feed as a string in the given encoding.
|
|
|
|
Example usage
|
|
-------------
|
|
|
|
This example creates an Atom 1.0 feed and prints it to standard output::
|
|
|
|
>>> from django.utils import feedgenerator
|
|
>>> f = feedgenerator.Atom1Feed(
|
|
... title=u"My Weblog",
|
|
... link=u"http://www.example.com/",
|
|
... description=u"In which I write about what I ate today.",
|
|
... language=u"en")
|
|
>>> f.add_item(title=u"Hot dog today",
|
|
... link=u"http://www.example.com/entries/1/",
|
|
... description=u"<p>Today I had a Vienna Beef hot dog. It was pink, plump and perfect.</p>")
|
|
>>> print f.writeString('utf8')
|
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf8"?>
|
|
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en"><title>My Weblog</title>
|
|
<link href="http://www.example.com/"></link><id>http://www.example.com/</id>
|
|
<updated>Sat, 12 Nov 2005 00:28:43 -0000</updated><entry><title>Hot dog today</title>
|
|
<link>http://www.example.com/entries/1/</link><id>tag:www.example.com/entries/1/</id>
|
|
<summary type="html"><p>Today I had a Vienna Beef hot dog. It was pink, plump and perfect.</p></summary>
|
|
</entry></feed>
|
|
|
|
.. _django/utils/feedgenerator.py: http://code.djangoproject.com/browser/django/trunk/django/utils/feedgenerator.py
|
|
.. _Python datetime object: http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-datetime.html
|