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119 lines
4.8 KiB
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119 lines
4.8 KiB
Plaintext
==========================
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How to deploy static files
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==========================
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.. seealso::
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For an introduction to the use of :mod:`django.contrib.staticfiles`, see
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:doc:`/howto/static-files/index`.
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.. _staticfiles-production:
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Serving static files in production
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==================================
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The basic outline of putting static files into production consists of two
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steps: run the :djadmin:`collectstatic` command when static files change, then
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arrange for the collected static files directory (:setting:`STATIC_ROOT`) to be
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moved to the static file server and served. Depending the ``staticfiles``
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:setting:`STORAGES` alias, files may need to be moved to a new location
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manually or the :func:`post_process
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<django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.StaticFilesStorage.post_process>` method of
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the ``Storage`` class might take care of that.
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As with all deployment tasks, the devil's in the details. Every production
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setup will be a bit different, so you'll need to adapt the basic outline to fit
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your needs. Below are a few common patterns that might help.
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Serving the site and your static files from the same server
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-----------------------------------------------------------
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If you want to serve your static files from the same server that's already
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serving your site, the process may look something like:
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* Push your code up to the deployment server.
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* On the server, run :djadmin:`collectstatic` to copy all the static files
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into :setting:`STATIC_ROOT`.
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* Configure your web server to serve the files in :setting:`STATIC_ROOT`
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under the URL :setting:`STATIC_URL`. For example, here's
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:ref:`how to do this with Apache and mod_wsgi <serving-files>`.
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You'll probably want to automate this process, especially if you've got
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multiple web servers.
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Serving static files from a dedicated server
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--------------------------------------------
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Most larger Django sites use a separate web server -- i.e., one that's not also
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running Django -- for serving static files. This server often runs a different
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type of web server -- faster but less full-featured. Some common choices are:
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* Nginx_
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* A stripped-down version of Apache_
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.. _Nginx: https://nginx.org/en/
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.. _Apache: https://httpd.apache.org/
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Configuring these servers is out of scope of this document; check each
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server's respective documentation for instructions.
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Since your static file server won't be running Django, you'll need to modify
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the deployment strategy to look something like:
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* When your static files change, run :djadmin:`collectstatic` locally.
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* Push your local :setting:`STATIC_ROOT` up to the static file server into the
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directory that's being served. `rsync <https://rsync.samba.org/>`_ is a
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common choice for this step since it only needs to transfer the bits of
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static files that have changed.
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.. _staticfiles-from-cdn:
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Serving static files from a cloud service or CDN
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------------------------------------------------
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Another common tactic is to serve static files from a cloud storage provider
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like Amazon's S3 and/or a CDN (content delivery network). This lets you
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ignore the problems of serving static files and can often make for
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faster-loading web pages (especially when using a CDN).
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When using these services, the basic workflow would look a bit like the above,
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except that instead of using ``rsync`` to transfer your static files to the
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server you'd need to transfer the static files to the storage provider or CDN.
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There's any number of ways you might do this, but if the provider has an API,
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you can use a :doc:`custom file storage backend </howto/custom-file-storage>`
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to integrate the CDN with your Django project. If you've written or are using a
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3rd party custom storage backend, you can tell :djadmin:`collectstatic` to use
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it by setting ``staticfiles`` in :setting:`STORAGES`.
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For example, if you've written an S3 storage backend in
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``myproject.storage.S3Storage`` you could use it with::
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STORAGES = {
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# ...
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"staticfiles": {"BACKEND": "myproject.storage.S3Storage"}
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}
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Once that's done, all you have to do is run :djadmin:`collectstatic` and your
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static files would be pushed through your storage package up to S3. If you
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later needed to switch to a different storage provider, you may only have to
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change ``staticfiles`` in the :setting:`STORAGES` setting.
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For details on how you'd write one of these backends, see
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:doc:`/howto/custom-file-storage`. There are 3rd party apps available that
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provide storage backends for many common file storage APIs. A good starting
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point is the `overview at djangopackages.org
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<https://djangopackages.org/grids/g/storage-backends/>`_.
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.. versionchanged:: 4.2
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The :setting:`STORAGES` setting was added.
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Learn more
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==========
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For complete details on all the settings, commands, template tags, and other
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pieces included in :mod:`django.contrib.staticfiles`, see :doc:`the
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staticfiles reference </ref/contrib/staticfiles>`.
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