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226 lines
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226 lines
8.9 KiB
Plaintext
=================================
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The Django source code repository
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=================================
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When deploying a Django application into a real production environment, you
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will almost always want to use `an official packaged release of Django`_.
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However, if you'd like to try out in-development code from an upcoming release
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or contribute to the development of Django, you'll need to obtain a clone of
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Django's source code repository.
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This document covers the way the code repository is laid out and how to work
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with and find things in it.
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.. _an official packaged release of Django: https://www.djangoproject.com/download/
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High-level overview
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===================
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The Django source code repository uses `Git`_ to track changes to the code
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over time, so you'll need a copy of the Git client (a program called ``git``)
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on your computer, and you'll want to familiarize yourself with the basics of
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how Git works.
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Git's website offers downloads for various operating systems. The site also
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contains vast amounts of `documentation`_.
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The Django Git repository is located online at `github.com/django/django
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<https://github.com/django/django>`_. It contains the full source code for all
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Django releases, which you can browse online.
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The Git repository includes several `branches`_:
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* ``main`` contains the main in-development code which will become
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the next packaged release of Django. This is where most development
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activity is focused.
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* ``stable/A.B.x`` are the branches where release preparation work happens.
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They are also used for bugfix and security releases which occur as necessary
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after the initial release of a feature version.
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The Git repository also contains `tags`_. These are the exact revisions from
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which packaged Django releases were produced, since version 1.0.
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A number of tags also exist under the ``archive/`` prefix for :ref:`archived
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work<archived-feature-development-work>`.
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The source code for the `Djangoproject.com <https://www.djangoproject.com/>`_
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website can be found at `github.com/django/djangoproject.com
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<https://github.com/django/djangoproject.com>`_.
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.. _Git: https://git-scm.com/
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.. _documentation: https://git-scm.com/doc
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.. _branches: https://github.com/django/django/branches
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.. _tags: https://github.com/django/django/tags
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The main branch
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===============
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If you'd like to try out the in-development code for the next release of
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Django, or if you'd like to contribute to Django by fixing bugs or developing
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new features, you'll want to get the code from the main branch.
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.. note::
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Prior to March 2021, the main branch was called ``master``.
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Note that this will get *all* of Django: in addition to the top-level
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``django`` module containing Python code, you'll also get a copy of Django's
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documentation, test suite, packaging scripts and other miscellaneous bits.
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Django's code will be present in your clone as a directory named
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``django``.
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To try out the in-development code with your own applications, place the
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directory containing your clone on your Python import path. Then ``import``
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statements which look for Django will find the ``django`` module within your
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clone.
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If you're going to be working on Django's code (say, to fix a bug or
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develop a new feature), you can probably stop reading here and move
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over to :doc:`the documentation for contributing to Django
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</internals/contributing/index>`, which covers things like the preferred
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coding style and how to generate and submit a patch.
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Stable branches
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===============
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Django uses branches to prepare for releases of Django. Each major release
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series has its own stable branch.
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These branches can be found in the repository as ``stable/A.B.x``
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branches and will be created right after the first alpha is tagged.
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For example, immediately after *Django 1.5 alpha 1* was tagged, the branch
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``stable/1.5.x`` was created and all further work on preparing the code for the
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final 1.5 release was done there.
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These branches also provide bugfix and security support as described in
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:ref:`supported-versions-policy`.
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For example, after the release of Django 1.5, the branch ``stable/1.5.x``
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receives only fixes for security and critical stability bugs, which are
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eventually released as Django 1.5.1 and so on, ``stable/1.4.x`` receives only
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security and data loss fixes, and ``stable/1.3.x`` no longer receives any
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updates.
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.. admonition:: Historical information
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This policy for handling ``stable/A.B.x`` branches was adopted starting
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with the Django 1.5 release cycle.
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Previously, these branches weren't created until right after the releases
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and the stabilization work occurred on the main repository branch. Thus,
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no new feature development work for the next release of Django could be
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committed until the final release happened.
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For example, shortly after the release of Django 1.3 the branch
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``stable/1.3.x`` was created. Official support for that release has expired,
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and so it no longer receives direct maintenance from the Django project.
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However, that and all other similarly named branches continue to exist, and
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interested community members have occasionally used them to provide
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unofficial support for old Django releases.
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Tags
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====
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Each Django release is tagged and signed by the releaser.
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The tags can be found on GitHub's `tags`_ page.
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.. _tags: https://github.com/django/django/tags
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.. _archived-feature-development-work:
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Archived feature-development work
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---------------------------------
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.. admonition:: Historical information
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Since Django moved to Git in 2012, anyone can clone the repository and
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create their own branches, alleviating the need for official branches in
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the source code repository.
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The following section is mostly useful if you're exploring the repository's
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history, for example if you're trying to understand how some features were
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designed.
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Feature-development branches tend by their nature to be temporary. Some
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produce successful features which are merged back into Django's main branch to
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become part of an official release, but others do not; in either case, there
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comes a time when the branch is no longer being actively worked on by any
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developer. At this point the branch is considered closed.
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Django used to be maintained with the Subversion revision control system, that
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has no standard way of indicating this. As a workaround, branches of Django
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which are closed and no longer maintained were moved into ``attic``.
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A number of tags exist under the ``archive/`` prefix to maintain a reference to
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this and other work of historical interest.
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The following tags under the ``archive/attic/`` prefix reference the tip of
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branches whose code eventually became part of Django itself:
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* ``boulder-oracle-sprint``: Added support for Oracle databases to
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Django's object-relational mapper. This has been part of Django
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since the 1.0 release.
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* ``gis``: Added support for geographic/spatial queries to Django's
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object-relational mapper. This has been part of Django since the 1.0
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release, as the bundled application ``django.contrib.gis``.
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* ``i18n``: Added :doc:`internationalization support </topics/i18n/index>` to
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Django. This has been part of Django since the 0.90 release.
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* ``magic-removal``: A major refactoring of both the internals and
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public APIs of Django's object-relational mapper. This has been part
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of Django since the 0.95 release.
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* ``multi-auth``: A refactoring of :doc:`Django's bundled
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authentication framework </topics/auth/index>` which added support for
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:ref:`authentication backends <authentication-backends>`. This has
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been part of Django since the 0.95 release.
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* ``new-admin``: A refactoring of :doc:`Django's bundled
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administrative application </ref/contrib/admin/index>`. This became part of
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Django as of the 0.91 release, but was superseded by another
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refactoring (see next listing) prior to the Django 1.0 release.
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* ``newforms-admin``: The second refactoring of Django's bundled
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administrative application. This became part of Django as of the 1.0
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release, and is the basis of the current incarnation of
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``django.contrib.admin``.
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* ``queryset-refactor``: A refactoring of the internals of Django's
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object-relational mapper. This became part of Django as of the 1.0
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release.
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* ``unicode``: A refactoring of Django's internals to consistently use
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Unicode-based strings in most places within Django and Django
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applications. This became part of Django as of the 1.0 release.
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Additionally, the following tags under the ``archive/attic/`` prefix reference
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the tips of branches that were closed, but whose code was never merged into
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Django, and the features they aimed to implement were never finished:
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* ``full-history``
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* ``generic-auth``
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* ``multiple-db-support``
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* ``per-object-permissions``
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* ``schema-evolution``
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* ``schema-evolution-ng``
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* ``search-api``
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* ``sqlalchemy``
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Finally, under the ``archive/`` prefix, the repository contains
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``soc20XX/<project>`` tags referencing the tip of branches that were used by
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students who worked on Django during the 2009 and 2010 Google Summer of Code
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programs.
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