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13 KiB
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.. _logging-ref:
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=======
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Logging
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=======
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.. seealso::
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* :ref:`logging-how-to`
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* :ref:`Django logging overview <logging-explanation>`
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.. module:: django.utils.log
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:synopsis: Logging tools for Django applications
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Django's logging module extends Python's builtin :mod:`logging`.
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Logging is configured as part of the general Django :func:`django.setup`
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function, so it's always available unless explicitly disabled.
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.. _default-logging-configuration:
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Django's default logging configuration
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======================================
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By default, Django uses Python's :ref:`logging.config.dictConfig format
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<logging-config-dictschema>`.
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Default logging conditions
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--------------------------
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The full set of default logging conditions are:
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When :setting:`DEBUG` is ``True``:
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* The ``django`` logger sends messages in the ``django`` hierarchy (except
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``django.server``) at the ``INFO`` level or higher to the console.
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When :setting:`DEBUG` is ``False``:
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* The ``django`` logger sends messages in the ``django`` hierarchy (except
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``django.server``) with ``ERROR`` or ``CRITICAL`` level to
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:class:`AdminEmailHandler`.
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Independently of the value of :setting:`DEBUG`:
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* The :ref:`django-server-logger` logger sends messages at the ``INFO`` level
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or higher to the console.
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All loggers except :ref:`django-server-logger` propagate logging to their
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parents, up to the root ``django`` logger. The ``console`` and ``mail_admins``
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handlers are attached to the root logger to provide the behavior described
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above.
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Python's own defaults send records of level ``WARNING`` and higher
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to the console.
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.. _default-logging-definition:
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Default logging definition
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--------------------------
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Django's default logging configuration inherits Python's defaults. It's
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available as ``django.utils.log.DEFAULT_LOGGING`` and defined in
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:source:`django/utils/log.py`::
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{
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"version": 1,
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"disable_existing_loggers": False,
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"filters": {
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"require_debug_false": {
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"()": "django.utils.log.RequireDebugFalse",
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},
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"require_debug_true": {
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"()": "django.utils.log.RequireDebugTrue",
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},
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},
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"formatters": {
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"django.server": {
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"()": "django.utils.log.ServerFormatter",
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"format": "[{server_time}] {message}",
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"style": "{",
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}
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},
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"handlers": {
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"console": {
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"level": "INFO",
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"filters": ["require_debug_true"],
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"class": "logging.StreamHandler",
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},
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"django.server": {
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"level": "INFO",
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"class": "logging.StreamHandler",
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"formatter": "django.server",
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},
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"mail_admins": {
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"level": "ERROR",
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"filters": ["require_debug_false"],
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"class": "django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler",
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},
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},
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"loggers": {
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"django": {
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"handlers": ["console", "mail_admins"],
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"level": "INFO",
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},
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"django.server": {
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"handlers": ["django.server"],
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"level": "INFO",
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"propagate": False,
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},
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},
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}
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See :ref:`configuring-logging` on how to complement or replace this default
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logging configuration.
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Django logging extensions
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=========================
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Django provides a number of utilities to handle the particular requirements of
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logging in a web server environment.
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Loggers
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-------
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Django provides several built-in loggers.
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.. _django-logger:
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``django``
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~~~~~~~~~~
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The parent logger for messages in the ``django`` :ref:`named logger hierarchy
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<naming-loggers-hierarchy>`. Django does not post messages using this name.
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Instead, it uses one of the loggers below.
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.. _django-request-logger:
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``django.request``
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Log messages related to the handling of requests. 5XX responses are
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raised as ``ERROR`` messages; 4XX responses are raised as ``WARNING``
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messages. Requests that are logged to the ``django.security`` logger aren't
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logged to ``django.request``.
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Messages to this logger have the following extra context:
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* ``status_code``: The HTTP response code associated with the request.
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* ``request``: The request object that generated the logging message.
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.. _django-server-logger:
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``django.server``
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Log messages related to the handling of requests received by the server invoked
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by the :djadmin:`runserver` command. HTTP 5XX responses are logged as ``ERROR``
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messages, 4XX responses are logged as ``WARNING`` messages, and everything else
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is logged as ``INFO``.
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Messages to this logger have the following extra context:
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* ``status_code``: The HTTP response code associated with the request.
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* ``request``: The request object (a :py:class:`socket.socket`) that generated the logging message.
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.. _django-template-logger:
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``django.template``
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Log messages related to the rendering of templates.
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* Missing context variables are logged as ``DEBUG`` messages.
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.. _django-db-logger:
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``django.db.backends``
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Messages relating to the interaction of code with the database. For example,
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every application-level SQL statement executed by a request is logged at the
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``DEBUG`` level to this logger.
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Messages to this logger have the following extra context:
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* ``duration``: The time taken to execute the SQL statement.
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* ``sql``: The SQL statement that was executed.
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* ``params``: The parameters that were used in the SQL call.
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* ``alias``: The alias of the database used in the SQL call.
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For performance reasons, SQL logging is only enabled when
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``settings.DEBUG`` is set to ``True``, regardless of the logging
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level or handlers that are installed.
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This logging does not include framework-level initialization (e.g.
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``SET TIMEZONE``). Turn on query logging in your database if you wish to view
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all database queries.
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.. _django-security-logger:
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``django.security.*``
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The security loggers will receive messages on any occurrence of
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:exc:`~django.core.exceptions.SuspiciousOperation` and other security-related
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errors. There is a sub-logger for each subtype of security error, including all
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``SuspiciousOperation``\s. The level of the log event depends on where the
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exception is handled. Most occurrences are logged as a warning, while
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any ``SuspiciousOperation`` that reaches the WSGI handler will be logged as an
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error. For example, when an HTTP ``Host`` header is included in a request from
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a client that does not match :setting:`ALLOWED_HOSTS`, Django will return a 400
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response, and an error message will be logged to the
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``django.security.DisallowedHost`` logger.
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These log events will reach the ``django`` logger by default, which mails error
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events to admins when ``DEBUG=False``. Requests resulting in a 400 response due
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to a ``SuspiciousOperation`` will not be logged to the ``django.request``
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logger, but only to the ``django.security`` logger.
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To silence a particular type of ``SuspiciousOperation``, you can override that
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specific logger following this example::
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LOGGING = {
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# ...
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"handlers": {
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"null": {
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"class": "logging.NullHandler",
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},
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},
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"loggers": {
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"django.security.DisallowedHost": {
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"handlers": ["null"],
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"propagate": False,
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},
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},
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# ...
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}
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Other ``django.security`` loggers not based on ``SuspiciousOperation`` are:
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* ``django.security.csrf``: For :ref:`CSRF failures <csrf-rejected-requests>`.
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``django.db.backends.schema``
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Logs the SQL queries that are executed during schema changes to the database by
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the :doc:`migrations framework </topics/migrations>`. Note that it won't log the
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queries executed by :class:`~django.db.migrations.operations.RunPython`.
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Messages to this logger have ``params`` and ``sql`` in their extra context (but
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unlike ``django.db.backends``, not duration). The values have the same meaning
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as explained in :ref:`django-db-logger`.
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Handlers
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--------
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Django provides one log handler in addition to :mod:`those provided by the
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Python logging module <python:logging.handlers>`.
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.. class:: AdminEmailHandler(include_html=False, email_backend=None, reporter_class=None)
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This handler sends an email to the site :setting:`ADMINS` for each log
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message it receives.
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If the log record contains a ``request`` attribute, the full details
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of the request will be included in the email. The email subject will
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include the phrase "internal IP" if the client's IP address is in the
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:setting:`INTERNAL_IPS` setting; if not, it will include "EXTERNAL IP".
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If the log record contains stack trace information, that stack
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trace will be included in the email.
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The ``include_html`` argument of ``AdminEmailHandler`` is used to
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control whether the traceback email includes an HTML attachment
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containing the full content of the debug web page that would have been
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produced if :setting:`DEBUG` were ``True``. To set this value in your
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configuration, include it in the handler definition for
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``django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler``, like this::
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"handlers": {
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"mail_admins": {
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"level": "ERROR",
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"class": "django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler",
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"include_html": True,
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},
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}
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Be aware of the :ref:`security implications of logging
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<logging-security-implications>` when using the ``AdminEmailHandler``.
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By setting the ``email_backend`` argument of ``AdminEmailHandler``, the
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:ref:`email backend <topic-email-backends>` that is being used by the
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handler can be overridden, like this::
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"handlers": {
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"mail_admins": {
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"level": "ERROR",
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"class": "django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler",
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"email_backend": "django.core.mail.backends.filebased.EmailBackend",
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},
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}
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By default, an instance of the email backend specified in
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:setting:`EMAIL_BACKEND` will be used.
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The ``reporter_class`` argument of ``AdminEmailHandler`` allows providing
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an ``django.views.debug.ExceptionReporter`` subclass to customize the
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traceback text sent in the email body. You provide a string import path to
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the class you wish to use, like this::
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"handlers": {
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"mail_admins": {
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"level": "ERROR",
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"class": "django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler",
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"include_html": True,
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"reporter_class": "somepackage.error_reporter.CustomErrorReporter",
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},
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}
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.. method:: send_mail(subject, message, *args, **kwargs)
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Sends emails to admin users. To customize this behavior, you can
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subclass the :class:`~django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler` class and
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override this method.
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Filters
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-------
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Django provides some log filters in addition to those provided by the Python
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logging module.
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.. class:: CallbackFilter(callback)
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This filter accepts a callback function (which should accept a single
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argument, the record to be logged), and calls it for each record that
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passes through the filter. Handling of that record will not proceed if the
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callback returns False.
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For instance, to filter out :exc:`~django.http.UnreadablePostError`
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(raised when a user cancels an upload) from the admin emails, you would
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create a filter function::
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from django.http import UnreadablePostError
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def skip_unreadable_post(record):
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if record.exc_info:
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exc_type, exc_value = record.exc_info[:2]
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if isinstance(exc_value, UnreadablePostError):
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return False
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return True
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and then add it to your logging config::
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LOGGING = {
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# ...
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"filters": {
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"skip_unreadable_posts": {
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"()": "django.utils.log.CallbackFilter",
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"callback": skip_unreadable_post,
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},
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},
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"handlers": {
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"mail_admins": {
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"level": "ERROR",
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"filters": ["skip_unreadable_posts"],
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"class": "django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler",
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},
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},
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# ...
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}
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.. class:: RequireDebugFalse()
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This filter will only pass on records when settings.DEBUG is False.
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This filter is used as follows in the default :setting:`LOGGING`
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configuration to ensure that the :class:`AdminEmailHandler` only sends
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error emails to admins when :setting:`DEBUG` is ``False``::
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LOGGING = {
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# ...
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"filters": {
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"require_debug_false": {
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"()": "django.utils.log.RequireDebugFalse",
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},
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},
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"handlers": {
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"mail_admins": {
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"level": "ERROR",
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"filters": ["require_debug_false"],
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"class": "django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler",
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},
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},
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# ...
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}
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.. class:: RequireDebugTrue()
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This filter is similar to :class:`RequireDebugFalse`, except that records are
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passed only when :setting:`DEBUG` is ``True``.
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