django/tests/servers/tests.py

"""
Tests for django.core.servers.
"""
import errno
import os
import socket
import threading
import unittest
from http.client import HTTPConnection
from urllib.error import HTTPError
from urllib.parse import urlencode
from urllib.request import urlopen

from django.conf import settings
from django.core.servers.basehttp import ThreadedWSGIServer, WSGIServer
from django.db import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, connection, connections
from django.test import LiveServerTestCase, override_settings
from django.test.testcases import LiveServerThread, QuietWSGIRequestHandler

from .models import Person

TEST_ROOT = os.path.dirname(__file__)
TEST_SETTINGS = {
    "MEDIA_URL": "media/",
    "MEDIA_ROOT": os.path.join(TEST_ROOT, "media"),
    "STATIC_URL": "static/",
    "STATIC_ROOT": os.path.join(TEST_ROOT, "static"),
}


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF="servers.urls", **TEST_SETTINGS)
class LiveServerBase(LiveServerTestCase):
    available_apps = [
        "servers",
        "django.contrib.auth",
        "django.contrib.contenttypes",
        "django.contrib.sessions",
    ]
    fixtures = ["testdata.json"]

    def urlopen(self, url):
        return urlopen(self.live_server_url + url)


class CloseConnectionTestServer(ThreadedWSGIServer):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # This event is set right after the first time a request closes its
        # database connections.
        self._connections_closed = threading.Event()

    def _close_connections(self):
        super()._close_connections()
        self._connections_closed.set()


class CloseConnectionTestLiveServerThread(LiveServerThread):
    server_class = CloseConnectionTestServer

    def _create_server(self, connections_override=None):
        return super()._create_server(connections_override=self.connections_override)


class LiveServerTestCloseConnectionTest(LiveServerBase):
    server_thread_class = CloseConnectionTestLiveServerThread

    @classmethod
    def _make_connections_override(cls):
        conn = connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS]
        cls.conn = conn
        cls.old_conn_max_age = conn.settings_dict["CONN_MAX_AGE"]
        # Set the connection's CONN_MAX_AGE to None to simulate the
        # CONN_MAX_AGE setting being set to None on the server. This prevents
        # Django from closing the connection and allows testing that
        # ThreadedWSGIServer closes connections.
        conn.settings_dict["CONN_MAX_AGE"] = None
        # Pass a database connection through to the server to check it is being
        # closed by ThreadedWSGIServer.
        return {DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS: conn}

    @classmethod
    def tearDownConnectionTest(cls):
        cls.conn.settings_dict["CONN_MAX_AGE"] = cls.old_conn_max_age

    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls):
        cls.tearDownConnectionTest()
        super().tearDownClass()

    def test_closes_connections(self):
        # The server's request thread sets this event after closing
        # its database connections.
        closed_event = self.server_thread.httpd._connections_closed
        conn = self.conn
        # Open a connection to the database.
        conn.connect()
        self.assertIsNotNone(conn.connection)
        with self.urlopen("/model_view/") as f:
            # The server can access the database.
            self.assertCountEqual(f.read().splitlines(), [b"jane", b"robert"])
        # Wait for the server's request thread to close the connection.
        # A timeout of 0.1 seconds should be more than enough. If the wait
        # times out, the assertion after should fail.
        closed_event.wait(timeout=0.1)
        self.assertIsNone(conn.connection)


@unittest.skipUnless(connection.vendor == "sqlite", "SQLite specific test.")
class LiveServerInMemoryDatabaseLockTest(LiveServerBase):
    def test_in_memory_database_lock(self):
        """
        With a threaded LiveServer and an in-memory database, an error can
        occur when 2 requests reach the server and try to lock the database
        at the same time, if the requests do not share the same database
        connection.
        """
        conn = self.server_thread.connections_override[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS]
        # Open a connection to the database.
        conn.connect()
        # Create a transaction to lock the database.
        cursor = conn.cursor()
        cursor.execute("BEGIN IMMEDIATE TRANSACTION")
        try:
            with self.urlopen("/create_model_instance/") as f:
                self.assertEqual(f.status, 200)
        except HTTPError:
            self.fail("Unexpected error due to a database lock.")
        finally:
            # Release the transaction.
            cursor.execute("ROLLBACK")


class FailingLiveServerThread(LiveServerThread):
    def _create_server(self, connections_override=None):
        raise RuntimeError("Error creating server.")


class LiveServerTestCaseSetupTest(LiveServerBase):
    server_thread_class = FailingLiveServerThread

    @classmethod
    def check_allowed_hosts(cls, expected):
        if settings.ALLOWED_HOSTS != expected:
            raise RuntimeError(f"{settings.ALLOWED_HOSTS} != {expected}")

    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        cls.check_allowed_hosts(["testserver"])
        try:
            super().setUpClass()
        except RuntimeError:
            # LiveServerTestCase's change to ALLOWED_HOSTS should be reverted.
            cls.doClassCleanups()
            cls.check_allowed_hosts(["testserver"])
        else:
            raise RuntimeError("Server did not fail.")
        cls.set_up_called = True

    def test_set_up_class(self):
        self.assertIs(self.set_up_called, True)


class LiveServerAddress(LiveServerBase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        super().setUpClass()
        # put it in a list to prevent descriptor lookups in test
        cls.live_server_url_test = [cls.live_server_url]

    def test_live_server_url_is_class_property(self):
        self.assertIsInstance(self.live_server_url_test[0], str)
        self.assertEqual(self.live_server_url_test[0], self.live_server_url)


class LiveServerSingleThread(LiveServerThread):
    def _create_server(self, connections_override=None):
        return WSGIServer(
            (self.host, self.port), QuietWSGIRequestHandler, allow_reuse_address=False
        )


class SingleThreadLiveServerTestCase(LiveServerTestCase):
    server_thread_class = LiveServerSingleThread


class LiveServerViews(LiveServerBase):
    def test_protocol(self):
        """Launched server serves with HTTP 1.1."""
        with self.urlopen("/example_view/") as f:
            self.assertEqual(f.version, 11)

    def test_closes_connection_without_content_length(self):
        """
        An HTTP 1.1 server is supposed to support keep-alive. Since our
        development server is rather simple we support it only in cases where
        we can detect a content length from the response. This should be doable
        for all simple views and streaming responses where an iterable with
        length of one is passed. The latter follows as result of `set_content_length`
        from https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/wsgiref/handlers.py.

        If we cannot detect a content length we explicitly set the `Connection`
        header to `close` to notify the client that we do not actually support
        it.
        """
        conn = HTTPConnection(
            LiveServerViews.server_thread.host,
            LiveServerViews.server_thread.port,
            timeout=1,
        )
        try:
            conn.request(
                "GET", "/streaming_example_view/", headers={"Connection": "keep-alive"}
            )
            response = conn.getresponse()
            self.assertTrue(response.will_close)
            self.assertEqual(response.read(), b"Iamastream")
            self.assertEqual(response.status, 200)
            self.assertEqual(response.getheader("Connection"), "close")

            conn.request(
                "GET", "/streaming_example_view/", headers={"Connection": "close"}
            )
            response = conn.getresponse()
            self.assertTrue(response.will_close)
            self.assertEqual(response.read(), b"Iamastream")
            self.assertEqual(response.status, 200)
            self.assertEqual(response.getheader("Connection"), "close")
        finally:
            conn.close()

    def test_keep_alive_on_connection_with_content_length(self):
        """
        See `test_closes_connection_without_content_length` for details. This
        is a follow up test, which ensure that we do not close the connection
        if not needed, hence allowing us to take advantage of keep-alive.
        """
        conn = HTTPConnection(
            LiveServerViews.server_thread.host, LiveServerViews.server_thread.port
        )
        try:
            conn.request("GET", "/example_view/", headers={"Connection": "keep-alive"})
            response = conn.getresponse()
            self.assertFalse(response.will_close)
            self.assertEqual(response.read(), b"example view")
            self.assertEqual(response.status, 200)
            self.assertIsNone(response.getheader("Connection"))

            conn.request("GET", "/example_view/", headers={"Connection": "close"})
            response = conn.getresponse()
            self.assertFalse(response.will_close)
            self.assertEqual(response.read(), b"example view")
            self.assertEqual(response.status, 200)
            self.assertIsNone(response.getheader("Connection"))
        finally:
            conn.close()

    def test_keep_alive_connection_clears_previous_request_data(self):
        conn = HTTPConnection(
            LiveServerViews.server_thread.host, LiveServerViews.server_thread.port
        )
        try:
            conn.request(
                "POST", "/method_view/", b"{}", headers={"Connection": "keep-alive"}
            )
            response = conn.getresponse()
            self.assertFalse(response.will_close)
            self.assertEqual(response.status, 200)
            self.assertEqual(response.read(), b"POST")

            conn.request(
                "POST", "/method_view/", b"{}", headers={"Connection": "close"}
            )
            response = conn.getresponse()
            self.assertFalse(response.will_close)
            self.assertEqual(response.status, 200)
            self.assertEqual(response.read(), b"POST")
        finally:
            conn.close()

    def test_404(self):
        with self.assertRaises(HTTPError) as err:
            self.urlopen("/")
        err.exception.close()
        self.assertEqual(err.exception.code, 404, "Expected 404 response")

    def test_view(self):
        with self.urlopen("/example_view/") as f:
            self.assertEqual(f.read(), b"example view")

    def test_static_files(self):
        with self.urlopen("/static/example_static_file.txt") as f:
            self.assertEqual(f.read().rstrip(b"\r\n"), b"example static file")

    def test_no_collectstatic_emulation(self):
        """
        LiveServerTestCase reports a 404 status code when HTTP client
        tries to access a static file that isn't explicitly put under
        STATIC_ROOT.
        """
        with self.assertRaises(HTTPError) as err:
            self.urlopen("/static/another_app/another_app_static_file.txt")
        err.exception.close()
        self.assertEqual(err.exception.code, 404, "Expected 404 response")

    def test_media_files(self):
        with self.urlopen("/media/example_media_file.txt") as f:
            self.assertEqual(f.read().rstrip(b"\r\n"), b"example media file")

    def test_environ(self):
        with self.urlopen("/environ_view/?%s" % urlencode({"q": "тест"})) as f:
            self.assertIn(b"QUERY_STRING: 'q=%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82'", f.read())


@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF="servers.urls")
class SingleThreadLiveServerViews(SingleThreadLiveServerTestCase):
    available_apps = ["servers"]

    def test_closes_connection_with_content_length(self):
        """
        Contrast to
        LiveServerViews.test_keep_alive_on_connection_with_content_length().
        Persistent connections require threading server.
        """
        conn = HTTPConnection(
            SingleThreadLiveServerViews.server_thread.host,
            SingleThreadLiveServerViews.server_thread.port,
            timeout=1,
        )
        try:
            conn.request("GET", "/example_view/", headers={"Connection": "keep-alive"})
            response = conn.getresponse()
            self.assertTrue(response.will_close)
            self.assertEqual(response.read(), b"example view")
            self.assertEqual(response.status, 200)
            self.assertEqual(response.getheader("Connection"), "close")
        finally:
            conn.close()


class LiveServerDatabase(LiveServerBase):
    def test_fixtures_loaded(self):
        """
        Fixtures are properly loaded and visible to the live server thread.
        """
        with self.urlopen("/model_view/") as f:
            self.assertCountEqual(f.read().splitlines(), [b"jane", b"robert"])

    def test_database_writes(self):
        """
        Data written to the database by a view can be read.
        """
        with self.urlopen("/create_model_instance/"):
            pass
        self.assertQuerySetEqual(
            Person.objects.order_by("pk"),
            ["jane", "robert", "emily"],
            lambda b: b.name,
        )


class LiveServerPort(LiveServerBase):
    def test_port_bind(self):
        """
        Each LiveServerTestCase binds to a unique port or fails to start a
        server thread when run concurrently (#26011).
        """
        TestCase = type("TestCase", (LiveServerBase,), {})
        try:
            TestCase._start_server_thread()
        except OSError as e:
            if e.errno == errno.EADDRINUSE:
                # We're out of ports, LiveServerTestCase correctly fails with
                # an OSError.
                return
            # Unexpected error.
            raise
        try:
            self.assertNotEqual(
                self.live_server_url,
                TestCase.live_server_url,
                f"Acquired duplicate server addresses for server threads: "
                f"{self.live_server_url}",
            )
        finally:
            TestCase.doClassCleanups()

    def test_specified_port_bind(self):
        """LiveServerTestCase.port customizes the server's port."""
        TestCase = type("TestCase", (LiveServerBase,), {})
        # Find an open port and tell TestCase to use it.
        s = socket.socket()
        s.bind(("", 0))
        TestCase.port = s.getsockname()[1]
        s.close()
        TestCase._start_server_thread()
        try:
            self.assertEqual(
                TestCase.port,
                TestCase.server_thread.port,
                f"Did not use specified port for LiveServerTestCase thread: "
                f"{TestCase.port}",
            )
        finally:
            TestCase.doClassCleanups()


class LiveServerThreadedTests(LiveServerBase):
    """If LiveServerTestCase isn't threaded, these tests will hang."""

    def test_view_calls_subview(self):
        url = "/subview_calling_view/?%s" % urlencode({"url": self.live_server_url})
        with self.urlopen(url) as f:
            self.assertEqual(f.read(), b"subview calling view: subview")

    def test_check_model_instance_from_subview(self):
        url = "/check_model_instance_from_subview/?%s" % urlencode(
            {
                "url": self.live_server_url,
            }
        )
        with self.urlopen(url) as f:
            self.assertIn(b"emily", f.read())