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This adds a flexible mechanism for filtering what request/traceback information is shown in 500 error emails and logs. It also applies screening to some views known to be sensitive e.g. views that handle passwords. Thanks to oaylanc for the report and many thanks to Julien Phalip for the patch and the rest of the work on this. git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@16339 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
286 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
286 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
Error reporting
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===============
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When you're running a public site you should always turn off the
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:setting:`DEBUG` setting. That will make your server run much faster, and will
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also prevent malicious users from seeing details of your application that can be
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revealed by the error pages.
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However, running with :setting:`DEBUG` set to ``False`` means you'll never see
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errors generated by your site -- everyone will just see your public error pages.
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You need to keep track of errors that occur in deployed sites, so Django can be
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configured to create reports with details about those errors.
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Email reports
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-------------
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Server errors
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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When :setting:`DEBUG` is ``False``, Django will email the users listed in the
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:setting:`ADMINS` setting whenever your code raises an unhandled exception and
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results in an internal server error (HTTP status code 500). This gives the
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administrators immediate notification of any errors. The :setting:`ADMINS` will
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get a description of the error, a complete Python traceback, and details about
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the HTTP request that caused the error.
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.. note::
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In order to send email, Django requires a few settings telling it
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how to connect to your mail server. At the very least, you'll need
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to specify :setting:`EMAIL_HOST` and possibly
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:setting:`EMAIL_HOST_USER` and :setting:`EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD`,
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though other settings may be also required depending on your mail
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server's configuration. Consult :doc:`the Django settings
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documentation </ref/settings>` for a full list of email-related
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settings.
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By default, Django will send email from root@localhost. However, some mail
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providers reject all email from this address. To use a different sender
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address, modify the :setting:`SERVER_EMAIL` setting.
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To disable this behavior, just remove all entries from the :setting:`ADMINS`
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setting.
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.. seealso::
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.. versionadded:: 1.3
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Server error emails are sent using the logging framework, so you can
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customize this behavior by :doc:`customizing your logging configuration
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</topics/logging>`.
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404 errors
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~~~~~~~~~~
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Django can also be configured to email errors about broken links (404 "page
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not found" errors). Django sends emails about 404 errors when:
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* :setting:`DEBUG` is ``False``
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* :setting:`SEND_BROKEN_LINK_EMAILS` is ``True``
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* Your :setting:`MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES` setting includes ``CommonMiddleware``
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(which it does by default).
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If those conditions are met, Django will email the users listed in the
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:setting:`MANAGERS` setting whenever your code raises a 404 and the request has
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a referer. (It doesn't bother to email for 404s that don't have a referer --
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those are usually just people typing in broken URLs or broken Web 'bots).
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You can tell Django to stop reporting particular 404s by tweaking the
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:setting:`IGNORABLE_404_URLS` setting. It should be a tuple of compiled
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regular expression objects. For example::
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import re
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IGNORABLE_404_URLS = (
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re.compile(r'\.(php|cgi)$'),
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re.compile(r'^/phpmyadmin/'),
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)
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In this example, a 404 to any URL ending with ``.php`` or ``.cgi`` will *not* be
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reported. Neither will any URL starting with ``/phpmyadmin/``.
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The following example shows how to exclude some conventional URLs that browsers and
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crawlers often request::
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import re
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IGNORABLE_404_URLS = (
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re.compile(r'^/apple-touch-icon.*\.png$'),
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re.compile(r'^/favicon\.ico$),
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re.compile(r'^/robots\.txt$),
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)
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(Note that these are regular expressions, so we put a backslash in front of
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periods to escape them.)
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The best way to disable this behavior is to set
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:setting:`SEND_BROKEN_LINK_EMAILS` to ``False``.
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.. seealso::
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.. versionadded:: 1.3
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404 errors are logged using the logging framework. By default, these log
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records are ignored, but you can use them for error reporting by writing a
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handler and :doc:`configuring logging </topics/logging>` appropriately.
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.. seealso::
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.. versionchanged:: 1.4
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Previously, two settings were used to control which URLs not to report:
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:setting:`IGNORABLE_404_STARTS` and :setting:`IGNORABLE_404_ENDS`. They
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were replaced by :setting:`IGNORABLE_404_URLS`.
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.. _filtering-error-reports:
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Filtering error reports
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-----------------------
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.. versionadded:: 1.4
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Filtering sensitive information
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Error reports are really helpful for debugging errors, so it is generally
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useful to record as much relevant information about those errors as possible.
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For example, by default Django records the `full traceback`_ for the
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exception raised, each `traceback frame`_'s local variables, and the
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:class:`HttpRequest`'s :ref:`attributes<httprequest-attributes>`.
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However, sometimes certain types of information may be too sensitive and thus
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may not be appropriate to be kept track of, for example a user's password or
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credit card number. So Django offers a set of function decorators to help you
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control which information should be filtered out of error reports in a
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production environment (that is, where :setting:`DEBUG` is set to ``False``):
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:func:`sensitive_variables` and :func:`sensitive_post_parameters`.
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.. _`full traceback`: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_trace
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.. _`traceback frame`: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_frame
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.. function:: sensitive_variables(*variables)
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If a function (either a view or any regular callback) in your code uses
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local variables susceptible to contain sensitive information, you may
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prevent the values of those variables from being included in error reports
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using the ``sensitive_variables`` decorator:
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.. code-block:: python
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from django.views.decorators.debug import sensitive_variables
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@sensitive_variables('user', 'pw', 'cc')
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def process_info(user):
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pw = user.pass_word
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cc = user.credit_card_number
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name = user.name
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...
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In the above example, the values for the ``user``, ``pw`` and ``cc``
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variables will be hidden and replaced with stars (`**********`) in the
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error reports, whereas the value of the ``name`` variable will be
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disclosed.
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To systematically hide all local variables of a function from error logs,
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do not provide any argument to the ``sensitive_variables`` decorator:
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.. code-block:: python
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@sensitive_variables()
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def my_function():
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...
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.. function:: sensitive_post_parameters(*parameters)
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If one of your views receives an :class:`HttpRequest` object with
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:attr:`POST parameters<HttpRequest.POST>` susceptible to contain sensitive
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information, you may prevent the values of those parameters from being
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included in the error reports using the ``sensitive_post_parameters``
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decorator:
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.. code-block:: python
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from django.views.decorators.debug import sensitive_post_parameters
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@sensitive_post_parameters('pass_word', 'credit_card_number')
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def record_user_profile(request):
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UserProfile.create(user=request.user,
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password=request.POST['pass_word'],
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credit_card=request.POST['credit_card_number'],
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name=request.POST['name'])
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...
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In the above example, the values for the ``pass_word`` and
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``credit_card_number`` POST parameters will be hidden and replaced with
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stars (`**********`) in the request's representation inside the error
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reports, whereas the value of the ``name`` parameter will be disclosed.
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To systematically hide all POST parameters of a request in error reports,
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do not provide any argument to the ``sensitive_post_parameters`` decorator:
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.. code-block:: python
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@sensitive_post_parameters()
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def my_view(request):
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...
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.. note::
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.. versionchanged:: 1.4
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Since version 1.4, all POST parameters are systematically filtered out of
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error reports for certain :mod:`contrib.views.auth` views (``login``,
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``password_reset_confirm``, ``password_change``, and ``add_view`` and
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``user_change_password`` in the ``auth`` admin) to prevent the leaking of
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sensitive information such as user passwords.
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.. _custom-error-reports:
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Custom error reports
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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All :func:`sensitive_variables` and :func:`sensitive_post_parameters` do is,
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respectively, annotate the decorated function with the names of sensitive
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variables and annotate the ``HttpRequest`` object with the names of sensitive
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POST parameters, so that this sensitive information can later be filtered out
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of reports when an error occurs. The actual filtering is done by Django's
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default error reporter filter:
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:class:`django.views.debug.SafeExceptionReporterFilter`. This filter uses the
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decorators' annotations to replace the corresponding values with stars
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(`**********`) when the error reports are produced. If you wish to override or
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customize this default behavior for your entire site, you need to define your
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own filter class and tell Django to use it via the
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:setting:`DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_REPORTER_FILTER` setting:
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.. code-block:: python
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DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_REPORTER_FILTER = 'path.to.your.CustomExceptionReporterFilter'
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You may also control in a more granular way which filter to use within any
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given view by setting the ``HttpRequest``'s ``exception_reporter_filter``
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attribute:
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.. code-block:: python
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def my_view(request):
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if request.user.is_authenticated():
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request.exception_reporter_filter = CustomExceptionReporterFilter()
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...
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Your custom filter class needs to inherit from
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:class:`django.views.debug.SafeExceptionReporterFilter` and may override the
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following methods:
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.. class:: django.views.debug.SafeExceptionReporterFilter
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.. method:: SafeExceptionReporterFilter.is_active(self, request)
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Returns ``True`` to activate the filtering operated in the other methods.
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By default the filter is active if :setting:`DEBUG` is ``False``.
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.. method:: SafeExceptionReporterFilter.get_request_repr(self, request)
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Returns the representation string of the request object, that is, the
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value that would be returned by ``repr(request)``, except it uses the
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filtered dictionary of POST parameters as determined by
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:meth:`SafeExceptionReporterFilter.get_post_parameters`.
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.. method:: SafeExceptionReporterFilter.get_post_parameters(self, request)
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Returns the filtered dictionary of POST parameters. By default it replaces
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the values of sensitive parameters with stars (`**********`).
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.. method:: SafeExceptionReporterFilter.get_traceback_frame_variables(self, request, tb_frame)
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Returns the filtered dictionary of local variables for the given traceback
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frame. By default it replaces the values of sensitive variables with stars
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(`**********`).
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.. seealso::
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You can also set up custom error reporting by writing a custom piece of
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:ref:`exception middleware <exception-middleware>`. If you do write custom
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error handling, it's a good idea to emulate Django's built-in error handling
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and only report/log errors if :setting:`DEBUG` is ``False``.
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