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284 lines
8.3 KiB
Plaintext
284 lines
8.3 KiB
Plaintext
===================
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The staticfiles app
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===================
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.. module:: django.contrib.staticfiles
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:synopsis: An app for handling static files.
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.. versionadded:: 1.3
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``django.contrib.staticfiles`` collects media from each of your applications
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(and any other places you specify) into a single location that can easily be
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served in production.
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.. seealso::
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For an introduction to the static files app and some usage examples, see
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:doc:`/howto/static-files`.
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.. _staticfiles-settings:
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Settings
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========
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.. highlight:: python
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The following settings control the behavior of the static files app. Only
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:setting:`STATICFILES_ROOT` is required, but you'll probably also need to
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configure :setting:`STATICFILES_URL` as well.
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.. setting:: STATICFILES_ROOT
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STATICFILES_ROOT
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----------------
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Default: ``''`` (Empty string)
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The absolute path to the directory that holds static files::
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STATICFILES_ROOT = "/home/example.com/static/"
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This is a **required setting** unless you've overridden
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:setting:`STATICFILES_STORAGE` and are using a custom storage backend.
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.. setting:: STATICFILES_URL
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STATICFILES_URL
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---------------
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Default: ``'/static/'``
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The URL that handles the files served from :setting:`STATICFILES_ROOT`, e.g.::
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STATICFILES_URL = '/site_media/static/'
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... or perhaps::
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STATICFILES_URL = 'http://media.exmaple.com/'
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This should **always** have a trailing slash.
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.. setting:: STATICFILES_DIRS
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STATICFILES_DIRS
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----------------
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Default: ``[]``
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This setting defines the additional locations the staticfiles app will traverse
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if the :class:`FileSystemFinder` finder is enabled, e.g. if you use the
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:djadmin:`collectstatic` or :djadmin:`findstatic` management command or use the
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static file serving view.
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It should be defined as a sequence of ``(prefix, path)`` tuples, e.g.::
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STATICFILES_DIRS = (
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('', '/home/special.polls.com/polls/media'),
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('', '/home/polls.com/polls/media'),
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('common', '/opt/webfiles/common'),
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)
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.. setting:: STATICFILES_STORAGE
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STATICFILES_STORAGE
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-------------------
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Default: ``'django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.StaticFilesStorage'``
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The file storage engine to use when collecting static files with the
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:djadmin:`collectstatic` management command.
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For an example, see :ref:`staticfiles-from-cdn`.
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.. setting:: STATICFILES_FINDERS
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STATICFILES_FINDERS
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-------------------
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Default::
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("django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder",
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"django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder")
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The list of finder backends that know how to find static files in
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various locations.
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The default will find files stored in the :setting:`STATICFILES_DIRS` setting
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(using :class:`django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder`) and in a
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``static`` subdirectory of each app (using
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:class:`django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder`)
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One finder is disabled by default:
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:class:`django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.DefaultStorageFinder`. If added to
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your :setting:`STATICFILES_FINDERS` setting, it will look for static files in
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the default file storage as defined by the :setting:`DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE`
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setting.
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.. note::
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When using the :class:AppDirectoriesFinder` finder, make sure your apps can
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be found by Django's app loading mechanism. Simply include a ``models``
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module (an empty ``models.py`` file suffices) and add the app to the
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:setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` setting of your site.
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Static file finders are currently considered a private interface, and this
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interface is thus undocumented.
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Management Commands
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===================
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.. highlight:: console
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``django.contrib.staticfiles`` exposes two management commands.
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collectstatic
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-------------
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.. django-admin:: collectstatic
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Collects the static files into :setting:`STATICFILES_ROOT`.
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Duplicate file names are resolved in a similar way to how template resolution
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works: files from apps later in :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` overwrite those from
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earlier apps, and files from storage directories later in
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:setting:`STATICFILES_DIRS` overwrite those from earlier. If you're confused,
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the :djadmin:`findstatic` command can help show you where
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Files are searched by using the :ref:`enabled finders
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<staticfiles-finders>`. The default is to look in all locations defined in
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:ref:`staticfiles-dirs` and in the ``media`` directory of apps specified by the
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:setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` setting.
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Some commonly used options are:
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``--noinput``
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Do NOT prompt the user for input of any kind.
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``-i PATTERN`` or ``--ignore=PATTERN``
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Ignore files or directories matching this glob-style pattern. Use multiple
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times to ignore more.
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``-n`` or ``--dry-run``
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Do everything except modify the filesystem.
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``-l`` or ``--link``
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Create a symbolic link to each file instead of copying.
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``--no-default-ignore``
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Don't ignore the common private glob-style patterns ``'CVS'``, ``'.*'``
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and ``'*~'``.
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For a full list of options, refer to the commands own help by running::
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$ python manage.py collectstatic --help
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findstatic
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----------
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.. django-admin:: findstatic
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Searches for one or more relative paths with the enabled finders.
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For example::
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$ python manage.py findstatic css/base.css admin/js/core.js
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/home/special.polls.com/core/media/css/base.css
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/home/polls.com/core/media/css/base.css
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/home/polls.com/src/django/contrib/admin/media/js/core.js
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By default, all matching locations are found. To only return the first match
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for each relative path, use the ``--first`` option::
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$ python manage.py findstatic css/base.css --first
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/home/special.polls.com/core/media/css/base.css
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This is a debugging aid; it'll show you exactly which static file will be
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collected for a given path.
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Other Helpers
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=============
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The ``media`` context processor
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-------------------------------
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.. function:: django.contrib.staticfiles.context_processors.staticfiles
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This context processor adds the :setting:`STATICFILES_URL` into each template
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context as the variable ``{{ STATICFILES_URL }}``. To use it, make sure that
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``'django.contrib.staticfiles.context_processors.staticfiles'`` appears
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somewhere in your :setting:`TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS` setting.
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Remember, only templates rendered with :class:`~django.template.RequestContext`
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will have acces to the data provided by this (and any) context processor.
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.. templatetag:: get_staticfiles_prefix
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The ``get_staticfiles_prefix`` templatetag
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==========================================
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.. highlight:: html+django
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If you're not using :class:`~django.template.RequestContext`, or if you need
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more control over exactly where and how :setting:`STATICFILES_URL` is injected
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into the template, you can use the :ttag:`get_staticfiles_prefix` template tag
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instead::
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{% load staticfiles %}
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<img src="{% get_staticfiles_prefix %}images/hi.jpg" />
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There's also a second form you can use to avoid extra processing if you need the
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value multiple times::
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{% load staticfiles %}
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{% get_staticfiles_prefix as STATIC_PREFIX %}
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<img src="{{ STATIC_PREFIX }}images/hi.jpg" />
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<img src="{{ STATIC_PREFIX }}images/hi2.jpg" />
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.. _staticfiles-development-view:
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Static file development view
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----------------------------
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.. highlight:: python
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.. function:: django.contrib.staticfiles.views.serve(request, path)
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This view function serves static media in in development.
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.. warning::
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This view will only work if :setting:`DEBUG` is ``True``.
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That's because this view is **grossly inefficient** and probably
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**insecure**. This is only intended for local development, and should
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**never be used in production**.
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To use the view, add the following snippet to the end of your primary URL
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configuration::
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from django.conf import settings
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if settings.DEBUG:
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urlpatterns = patterns('django.contrib.staticfiles.views',
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url(r'^static/(?P<path>.*)$', 'serve'),
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)
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Note, the begin of the pattern (``r'^static/'``) should be your
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:setting:`STATICFILES_URL` setting.
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Since this is a bit finicky, there's also a helper function that'll do this for you:
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.. function:: django.contrib.staticfiles.urls.staticfiles_urlpatterns()
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This will return the proper URL pattern for serving static files to your
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already defined pattern list. Use it like this::
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from django.contrib.staticfiles.urls import staticfiles_urlpatterns
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# ... the rest of your URLconf here ...
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urlpatterns += staticfiles_urlpatterns()
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