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133 lines
5.0 KiB
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133 lines
5.0 KiB
Plaintext
===================================
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Upgrading Django to a newer version
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===================================
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While it can be a complex process at times, upgrading to the latest Django
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version has several benefits:
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* New features and improvements are added.
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* Bugs are fixed.
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* Older version of Django will eventually no longer receive security updates.
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(see :ref:`supported-versions-policy`).
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* Upgrading as each new Django release is available makes future upgrades less
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painful by keeping your code base up to date.
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Here are some things to consider to help make your upgrade process as smooth as
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possible.
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Required Reading
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================
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If it's your first time doing an upgrade, it is useful to read the :doc:`guide
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on the different release processes </internals/release-process>`.
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Afterwards, you should familiarize yourself with the changes that were made in
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the new Django version(s):
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* Read the :doc:`release notes </releases/index>` for each 'final' release from
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the one after your current Django version, up to and including the version to
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which you plan to upgrade.
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* Look at the :doc:`deprecation timeline</internals/deprecation>` for the
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relevant versions.
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Pay particular attention to backwards incompatible changes to get a clear idea
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of what will be needed for a successful upgrade.
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If you're upgrading through more than one feature version (e.g. 2.0 to 2.2),
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it's usually easier to upgrade through each feature release incrementally
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(2.0 to 2.1 to 2.2) rather than to make all the changes for each feature
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release at once. For each feature release, use the latest patch release (e.g.
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for 2.1, use 2.1.15).
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The same incremental upgrade approach is recommended when upgrading from one
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LTS to the next.
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Dependencies
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============
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In most cases it will be necessary to upgrade to the latest version of your
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Django-related dependencies as well. If the Django version was recently
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released or if some of your dependencies are not well-maintained, some of your
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dependencies may not yet support the new Django version. In these cases you may
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have to wait until new versions of your dependencies are released.
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Resolving deprecation warnings
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==============================
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Before upgrading, it's a good idea to resolve any deprecation warnings raised
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by your project while using your current version of Django. Fixing these
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warnings before upgrading ensures that you're informed about areas of the code
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that need altering.
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In Python, deprecation warnings are silenced by default. You must turn them on
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using the ``-Wa`` Python command line option or the :envvar:`PYTHONWARNINGS`
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environment variable. For example, to show warnings while running tests:
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.. console::
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$ python -Wa manage.py test
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If you're not using the Django test runner, you may need to also ensure that
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any console output is not captured which would hide deprecation warnings. For
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example, if you use `pytest <https://pytest.org/>`__:
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.. code-block:: console
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$ PYTHONWARNINGS=always pytest tests --capture=no
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Resolve any deprecation warnings with your current version of Django before
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continuing the upgrade process.
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Third party applications might use deprecated APIs in order to support multiple
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versions of Django, so deprecation warnings in packages you've installed don't
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necessarily indicate a problem. If a package doesn't support the latest version
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of Django, consider raising an issue or sending a pull request for it.
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Installation
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============
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Once you're ready, it is time to :doc:`install the new Django version
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</topics/install>`. If you are using virtualenv_ and it is a major upgrade, you
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might want to set up a new environment with all the dependencies first.
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If you installed Django with pip_, you can use the ``--upgrade`` or ``-U`` flag:
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.. console::
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$ python -m pip install -U Django
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.. _pip: https://pip.pypa.io/
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.. _virtualenv: https://virtualenv.pypa.io/
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Testing
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=======
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When the new environment is set up, :doc:`run the full test suite
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</topics/testing/overview>` for your application. Again, it's useful to turn
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on deprecation warnings on so they're shown in the test output (you can also
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use the flag if you test your app manually using ``manage.py runserver``):
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.. console::
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$ python -Wa manage.py test
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After you have run the tests, fix any failures. While you have the release
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notes fresh in your mind, it may also be a good time to take advantage of new
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features in Django by refactoring your code to eliminate any deprecation
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warnings.
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Deployment
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==========
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When you are sufficiently confident your app works with the new version of
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Django, you're ready to go ahead and :doc:`deploy </howto/deployment/index>`
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your upgraded Django project.
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If you are using caching provided by Django, you should consider clearing your
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cache after upgrading. Otherwise you may run into problems, for example, if you
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are caching pickled objects as these objects are not guaranteed to be
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pickle-compatible across Django versions. A past instance of incompatibility
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was caching pickled :class:`~django.http.HttpResponse` objects, either
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directly or indirectly via the :func:`~django.views.decorators.cache.cache_page`
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decorator.
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