mirror of
https://github.com/django/django.git
synced 2024-12-22 17:16:24 +00:00
248 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
248 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
=====================
|
||
How to install Django
|
||
=====================
|
||
|
||
This document will get you up and running with Django.
|
||
|
||
Install Python
|
||
==============
|
||
|
||
Django is a Python web framework. See :ref:`faq-python-version-support` for
|
||
details.
|
||
|
||
Get the latest version of Python at https://www.python.org/downloads/ or with
|
||
your operating system's package manager.
|
||
|
||
.. admonition:: Python on Windows
|
||
|
||
If you are just starting with Django and using Windows, you may find
|
||
:doc:`/howto/windows` useful.
|
||
|
||
Install Apache and ``mod_wsgi``
|
||
===============================
|
||
|
||
If you just want to experiment with Django, skip ahead to the next
|
||
section; Django includes a lightweight web server you can use for
|
||
testing, so you won't need to set up Apache until you're ready to
|
||
deploy Django in production.
|
||
|
||
If you want to use Django on a production site, use `Apache`_ with
|
||
`mod_wsgi`_. mod_wsgi operates in one of two modes: embedded
|
||
mode or daemon mode. In embedded mode, mod_wsgi is similar to
|
||
mod_perl -- it embeds Python within Apache and loads Python code into
|
||
memory when the server starts. Code stays in memory throughout the
|
||
life of an Apache process, which leads to significant performance
|
||
gains over other server arrangements. In daemon mode, mod_wsgi spawns
|
||
an independent daemon process that handles requests. The daemon
|
||
process can run as a different user than the web server, possibly
|
||
leading to improved security. The daemon process can be restarted
|
||
without restarting the entire Apache web server, possibly making
|
||
refreshing your codebase more seamless. Consult the mod_wsgi
|
||
documentation to determine which mode is right for your setup. Make
|
||
sure you have Apache installed with the mod_wsgi module activated.
|
||
Django will work with any version of Apache that supports mod_wsgi.
|
||
|
||
See :doc:`How to use Django with mod_wsgi </howto/deployment/wsgi/modwsgi>`
|
||
for information on how to configure mod_wsgi once you have it
|
||
installed.
|
||
|
||
If you can't use mod_wsgi for some reason, fear not: Django supports many other
|
||
deployment options. One is :doc:`uWSGI </howto/deployment/wsgi/uwsgi>`; it works
|
||
very well with `nginx`_. Additionally, Django follows the WSGI spec
|
||
(:pep:`3333`), which allows it to run on a variety of server platforms.
|
||
|
||
.. _Apache: https://httpd.apache.org/
|
||
.. _nginx: https://nginx.org/
|
||
.. _mod_wsgi: https://modwsgi.readthedocs.io/en/develop/
|
||
|
||
.. _database-installation:
|
||
|
||
Get your database running
|
||
=========================
|
||
|
||
If you plan to use Django's database API functionality, you'll need to make
|
||
sure a database server is running. Django supports many different database
|
||
servers and is officially supported with PostgreSQL_, MariaDB_, MySQL_, Oracle_
|
||
and SQLite_.
|
||
|
||
If you are developing a small project or something you don't plan to deploy in
|
||
a production environment, SQLite is generally the best option as it doesn't
|
||
require running a separate server. However, SQLite has many differences from
|
||
other databases, so if you are working on something substantial, it's
|
||
recommended to develop with the same database that you plan on using in
|
||
production.
|
||
|
||
In addition to the officially supported databases, there are :ref:`backends
|
||
provided by 3rd parties <third-party-notes>` that allow you to use other
|
||
databases with Django.
|
||
|
||
To use another database other than SQLite, you'll need to make sure that the
|
||
appropriate Python database bindings are installed:
|
||
|
||
* If you're using PostgreSQL, you'll need the `psycopg`_ or `psycopg2`_
|
||
package. Refer to the :ref:`PostgreSQL notes <postgresql-notes>` for further
|
||
details.
|
||
|
||
* If you're using MySQL or MariaDB, you'll need a :ref:`DB API driver
|
||
<mysql-db-api-drivers>` like ``mysqlclient``. See :ref:`notes for the MySQL
|
||
backend <mysql-notes>` for details.
|
||
|
||
* If you're using SQLite you might want to read the :ref:`SQLite backend notes
|
||
<sqlite-notes>`.
|
||
|
||
* If you're using Oracle, you'll need to install oracledb_, but please read the
|
||
:ref:`notes for the Oracle backend <oracle-notes>` for details regarding
|
||
supported versions of both Oracle and ``oracledb``.
|
||
|
||
* If you're using an unofficial 3rd party backend, please consult the
|
||
documentation provided for any additional requirements.
|
||
|
||
And ensure that the following keys in the ``'default'`` item of the
|
||
:setting:`DATABASES` dictionary match your database connection settings:
|
||
|
||
* :setting:`ENGINE <DATABASE-ENGINE>` -- Either
|
||
``'django.db.backends.sqlite3'``,
|
||
``'django.db.backends.postgresql'``,
|
||
``'django.db.backends.mysql'``, or
|
||
``'django.db.backends.oracle'``. Other backends are :ref:`also available
|
||
<third-party-notes>`.
|
||
|
||
* :setting:`NAME` -- The name of your database. If you’re using SQLite, the
|
||
database will be a file on your computer. In that case, ``NAME`` should be
|
||
the full absolute path, including the filename of that file. You don’t need
|
||
to create anything beforehand; the database file will be created
|
||
automatically when needed. The default value, ``BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3'``,
|
||
will store the file in your project directory.
|
||
|
||
.. admonition:: For databases other than SQLite
|
||
|
||
If you are not using SQLite as your database, additional settings such as
|
||
:setting:`USER`, :setting:`PASSWORD`, and :setting:`HOST` must be added.
|
||
For more details, see the reference documentation for :setting:`DATABASES`.
|
||
|
||
Also, make sure that you've created the database by this point. Do that
|
||
with "``CREATE DATABASE database_name;``" within your database's
|
||
interactive prompt.
|
||
|
||
If you plan to use Django's ``manage.py migrate`` command to automatically
|
||
create database tables for your models (after first installing Django and
|
||
creating a project), you'll need to ensure that Django has permission to create
|
||
and alter tables in the database you're using; if you plan to manually create
|
||
the tables, you can grant Django ``SELECT``, ``INSERT``, ``UPDATE`` and
|
||
``DELETE`` permissions. After creating a database user with these permissions,
|
||
you'll specify the details in your project's settings file, see
|
||
:setting:`DATABASES` for details.
|
||
|
||
If you're using Django's :doc:`testing framework</topics/testing/index>` to test
|
||
database queries, Django will need permission to create a test database.
|
||
|
||
.. _PostgreSQL: https://www.postgresql.org/
|
||
.. _MariaDB: https://mariadb.org/
|
||
.. _MySQL: https://www.mysql.com/
|
||
.. _psycopg: https://www.psycopg.org/psycopg3/
|
||
.. _psycopg2: https://www.psycopg.org/
|
||
.. _SQLite: https://www.sqlite.org/
|
||
.. _oracledb: https://oracle.github.io/python-oracledb/
|
||
.. _Oracle: https://www.oracle.com/
|
||
|
||
.. _install-django-code:
|
||
|
||
Install the Django code
|
||
=======================
|
||
|
||
Installation instructions are slightly different depending on whether you're
|
||
installing a distribution-specific package, downloading the latest official
|
||
release, or fetching the latest development version.
|
||
|
||
.. _installing-official-release:
|
||
|
||
Installing an official release with ``pip``
|
||
-------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
This is the recommended way to install Django.
|
||
|
||
#. Install pip_. The easiest is to use the `standalone pip installer`_. If your
|
||
distribution already has ``pip`` installed, you might need to update it if
|
||
it's outdated. If it's outdated, you'll know because installation won't
|
||
work.
|
||
|
||
#. Take a look at :doc:`venv <python:tutorial/venv>`. This tool provides
|
||
isolated Python environments, which are more practical than installing
|
||
packages systemwide. It also allows installing packages without
|
||
administrator privileges. The :doc:`contributing tutorial
|
||
</intro/contributing>` walks through how to create a virtual environment.
|
||
|
||
#. After you've created and activated a virtual environment, enter the command:
|
||
|
||
.. console::
|
||
|
||
$ python -m pip install Django
|
||
|
||
.. _pip: https://pip.pypa.io/
|
||
.. _standalone pip installer: https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/installation/
|
||
|
||
.. _installing-distribution-package:
|
||
|
||
Installing a distribution-specific package
|
||
------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
Check the :doc:`distribution specific notes </misc/distributions>` to see if
|
||
your platform/distribution provides official Django packages/installers.
|
||
Distribution-provided packages will typically allow for automatic installation
|
||
of dependencies and supported upgrade paths; however, these packages will rarely
|
||
contain the latest release of Django.
|
||
|
||
.. _installing-development-version:
|
||
|
||
Installing the development version
|
||
----------------------------------
|
||
|
||
.. admonition:: Tracking Django development
|
||
|
||
If you decide to use the latest development version of Django,
|
||
you'll want to pay close attention to `the development timeline`_,
|
||
and you'll want to keep an eye on the :ref:`release notes for the
|
||
upcoming release <development_release_notes>`. This will help you stay
|
||
on top of any new features you might want to use, as well as any changes
|
||
you'll need to make to your code when updating your copy of Django.
|
||
(For stable releases, any necessary changes are documented in the
|
||
release notes.)
|
||
|
||
.. _the development timeline: https://code.djangoproject.com/timeline
|
||
|
||
If you'd like to be able to update your Django code occasionally with the
|
||
latest bug fixes and improvements, follow these instructions:
|
||
|
||
#. Make sure that you have Git_ installed and that you can run its commands
|
||
from a shell. (Enter ``git help`` at a shell prompt to test this.)
|
||
|
||
#. Check out Django's main development branch like so:
|
||
|
||
.. console::
|
||
|
||
$ git clone https://github.com/django/django.git
|
||
|
||
This will create a directory ``django`` in your current directory.
|
||
|
||
#. Make sure that the Python interpreter can load Django's code. The most
|
||
convenient way to do this is to use a virtual environment and pip_. The
|
||
:doc:`contributing tutorial </intro/contributing>` walks through how to
|
||
create a virtual environment.
|
||
|
||
#. After setting up and activating the virtual environment, run the following
|
||
command:
|
||
|
||
.. console::
|
||
|
||
$ python -m pip install -e django/
|
||
|
||
This will make Django's code importable, and will also make the
|
||
``django-admin`` utility command available. In other words, you're all
|
||
set!
|
||
|
||
When you want to update your copy of the Django source code, run the command
|
||
``git pull`` from within the ``django`` directory. When you do this, Git will
|
||
download any changes.
|
||
|
||
.. _Git: https://git-scm.com/
|