mirror of https://github.com/django/django.git
154 lines
4.2 KiB
Plaintext
154 lines
4.2 KiB
Plaintext
.. _topics-http-shortcuts:
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=========================
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Django shortcut functions
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=========================
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The package ``django.shortcuts`` collects helper functions and classes that
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"span" multiple levels of MVC. In other words, these functions/classes
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introduce controlled coupling for convenience's sake.
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``render_to_response()``
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========================
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``django.shortcuts.render_to_response`` renders a given template with a given
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context dictionary and returns an ``HttpResponse`` object with that rendered
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text.
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Required arguments
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------------------
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``template``
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The full name of a template to use.
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Optional arguments
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------------------
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``dictionary``
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A dictionary of values to add to the template context. By default, this
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is an empty dictionary. If a value in the dictionary is callable, the
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view will call it just before rendering the template.
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``context_instance``
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The context instance to render the template with. By default, the template
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will be rendered with a ``Context`` instance (filled with values from
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``dictionary``). If you need to use :ref:`context processors
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<subclassing-context-requestcontext>`, render the template with a
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``RequestContext`` instance instead. Your code might look something like
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this::
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return render_to_response('my_template.html',
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my_data_dictionary,
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context_instance=RequestContext(request))
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``mimetype``
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.. versionadded:: 1.0
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The MIME type to use for the resulting document. Defaults to the value of
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the :setting:`DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE` setting.
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Example
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-------
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The following example renders the template ``myapp/index.html`` with the
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MIME type ``application/xhtml+xml``::
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from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
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def my_view(request):
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# View code here...
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return render_to_response('myapp/index.html', {"foo": "bar"},
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mimetype="application/xhtml+xml")
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This example is equivalent to::
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from django.http import HttpResponse
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from django.template import Context, loader
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def my_view(request):
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# View code here...
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t = loader.get_template('myapp/template.html')
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c = Context({'foo': 'bar'})
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r = HttpResponse(t.render(c),
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mimetype="application/xhtml+xml")
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``get_object_or_404``
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=====================
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``django.shortcuts.get_object_or_404`` calls
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:meth:`~django.db.models.QuerySet.get()` on a given model manager, but it raises
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``django.http.Http404`` instead of the model's ``DoesNotExist`` exception.
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Required arguments
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------------------
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``klass``
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A ``Model``, ``Manager`` or ``QuerySet`` instance from which to get the
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object.
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``**kwargs``
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Lookup parameters, which should be in the format accepted by ``get()`` and
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``filter()``.
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Example
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-------
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The following example gets the object with the primary key of 1 from
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``MyModel``::
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from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
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def my_view(request):
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my_object = get_object_or_404(MyModel, pk=1)
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This example is equivalent to::
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from django.http import Http404
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def my_view(request):
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try:
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my_object = MyModel.objects.get(pk=1)
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except MyModel.DoesNotExist:
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raise Http404
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Note: As with ``get()``, an ``MultipleObjectsReturned`` exception will be
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raised if more than one object is found.
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``get_list_or_404``
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===================
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``django.shortcuts.get_list_or_404`` returns the result of
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:meth:`~django.db.models.QuerySet.filter()` on a given model manager, raising
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``django.http.Http404`` if the resulting list is empty.
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Required arguments
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------------------
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``klass``
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A ``Model``, ``Manager`` or ``QuerySet`` instance from which to get the
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object.
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``**kwargs``
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Lookup parameters, which should be in the format accepted by ``get()`` and
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``filter()``.
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Example
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-------
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The following example gets all published objects from ``MyModel``::
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from django.shortcuts import get_list_or_404
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def my_view(request):
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my_objects = get_list_or_404(MyModel, published=True)
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This example is equivalent to::
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from django.http import Http404
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def my_view(request):
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my_objects = list(MyModel.objects.filter(published=True))
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if not my_objects:
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raise Http404
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