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Based on a patch from shacker and Matt Dennenbaum. git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@9193 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
284 lines
8.4 KiB
Plaintext
284 lines
8.4 KiB
Plaintext
.. _topics-pagination:
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==========
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Pagination
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==========
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.. module:: django.core.paginator
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:synopsis: Classes to help you easily manage paginated data.
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.. versionchanged:: 1.0
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Pagination facilities have been almost fully reworked.
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Django provides a few classes that help you manage paginated data -- that is,
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data that's split across several pages, with "Previous/Next" links. These
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classes live in :file:`django/core/paginator.py`.
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Example
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=======
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Give :class:`Paginator` a list of objects, plus the number of items you'd like to
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have on each page, and it gives you methods for accessing the items for each
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page::
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>>> from django.core.paginator import Paginator
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>>> objects = ['john', 'paul', 'george', 'ringo']
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>>> p = Paginator(objects, 2)
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>>> p.count
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4
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>>> p.num_pages
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2
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>>> p.page_range
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[1, 2]
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>>> page1 = p.page(1)
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>>> page1
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<Page 1 of 2>
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>>> page1.object_list
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['john', 'paul']
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>>> page2 = p.page(2)
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>>> page2.object_list
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['george', 'ringo']
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>>> page2.has_next()
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False
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>>> page2.has_previous()
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True
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>>> page2.has_other_pages()
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True
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>>> page2.next_page_number()
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3
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>>> page2.previous_page_number()
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1
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>>> page2.start_index() # The 1-based index of the first item on this page
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3
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>>> page2.end_index() # The 1-based index of the last item on this page
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4
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>>> p.page(0)
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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...
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EmptyPage: That page number is less than 1
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>>> p.page(3)
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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...
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EmptyPage: That page contains no results
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.. note::
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Note that you can give ``Paginator`` a list/tuple, a Django ``QuerySet``, or
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any other object with a ``count()`` or ``__len__()`` method. When
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determining the number of objects contained in the passed object,
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``Paginator`` will first try calling ``count()``, then fallback to using
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``len()`` if the passed object has no ``count()`` method. This allows
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objects such as Django's ``QuerySet`` to use a more efficient ``count()``
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method when available.
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Using ``Paginator`` in a view
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==============================
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Here's a slightly more complex example using :class:`Paginator` in a view to
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paginate a queryset. We give both the view and the accompanying template to
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show how you can display the results. This example assumes you have a
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``Contacts`` model that has already been imported.
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The view function looks like this::
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from django.core.paginator import Paginator, InvalidPage, EmptyPage
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def listing(request):
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contact_list = Contacts.objects.all()
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paginator = Paginator(contact_list, 25) # Show 25 contacts per page
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# Make sure page request is an int. If not, deliver first page.
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try:
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page = int(request.GET.get('page', '1'))
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except ValueError:
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page = 1
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# If page request (9999) is out of range, deliver last page of results.
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try:
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contacts = paginator.page(page)
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except (EmptyPage, InvalidPage):
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contacts = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)
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return render_to_response('list.html', {"contacts": contacts})
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In the template :file:`list.html`, you'll want to include navigation between
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pages along with any interesting information from the objects themselves::
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{% for contact in contacts.object_list %}
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{# Each "contact" is a Contact model object. #}
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{{ contact.full_name|upper }}<br />
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...
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{% endfor %}
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<div class="pagination">
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<span class="step-links">
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{% if contacts.has_previous %}
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<a href="?page={{ contacts.previous_page_number }}">previous</a>
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{% endif %}
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<span class="current">
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Page {{ contacts.number }} of {{ contacts.paginator.num_pages }}.
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</span>
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{% if contacts.has_next %}
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<a href="?page={{ contacts.next_page_number }}">next</a>
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{% endif %}
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</span>
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</div>
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``Paginator`` objects
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=====================
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The :class:`Paginator` class has this constructor:
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.. class:: Paginator(object_list, per_page, orphans=0, allow_empty_first_page=True)
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Required arguments
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------------------
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``object_list``
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A list, tuple, Django ``QuerySet``, or other sliceable object with a
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``count()`` or ``__len__()`` method.
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``per_page``
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The maximum number of items to include on a page, not including orphans
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(see the ``orphans`` optional argument below).
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Optional arguments
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------------------
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``orphans``
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The minimum number of items allowed on the last page, defaults to zero.
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Use this when you don't want to have a last page with very few items.
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If the last page would normally have a number of items less than or equal
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to ``orphans``, then those items will be added to the previous page (which
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becomes the last page) instead of leaving the items on a page by
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themselves. For example, with 23 items, ``per_page=10``, and
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``orphans=3``, there will be two pages; the first page with 10 items and
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the second (and last) page with 13 items.
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``allow_empty_first_page``
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Whether or not the first page is allowed to be empty. If ``False`` and
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``object_list`` is empty, then an ``EmptyPage`` error will be raised.
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Methods
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-------
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.. method:: Paginator.page(number)
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Returns a :class:`Page` object with the given 1-based index. Raises
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:exc:`InvalidPage` if the given page number doesn't exist.
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Attributes
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----------
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.. attribute:: Paginator.count
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The total number of objects, across all pages.
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.. note::
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When determining the number of objects contained in ``object_list``,
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``Paginator`` will first try calling ``object_list.count()``. If
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``object_list`` has no ``count()`` method, then ``Paginator`` will
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fallback to using ``object_list.__len__()``. This allows objects, such
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as Django's ``QuerySet``, to use a more efficient ``count()`` method
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when available.
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.. attribute:: Paginator.num_pages
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The total number of pages.
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.. attribute:: Paginator.page_range
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A 1-based range of page numbers, e.g., ``[1, 2, 3, 4]``.
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``InvalidPage`` exceptions
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==========================
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The ``page()`` method raises ``InvalidPage`` if the requested page is invalid
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(i.e., not an integer) or contains no objects. Generally, it's enough to trap
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the ``InvalidPage`` exception, but if you'd like more granularity, you can trap
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either of the following exceptions:
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``PageNotAnInteger``
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Raised when ``page()`` is given a value that isn't an integer.
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``EmptyPage``
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Raised when ``page()`` is given a valid value but no objects exist on that
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page.
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Both of the exceptions are subclasses of ``InvalidPage``, so you can handle
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them both with a simple ``except InvalidPage``.
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``Page`` objects
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================
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.. class:: Page(object_list, number, paginator):
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You usually won't construct :class:`Pages <Page>` by hand -- you'll get them
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using :meth:`Paginator.page`.
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Methods
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-------
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.. method:: Page.has_next()
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Returns ``True`` if there's a next page.
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.. method:: Page.has_previous()
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Returns ``True`` if there's a previous page.
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.. method:: Page.has_other_pages()
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Returns ``True`` if there's a next *or* previous page.
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.. method:: Page.next_page_number()
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Returns the next page number. Note that this is "dumb" and will return the
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next page number regardless of whether a subsequent page exists.
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.. method:: Page.previous_page_number()
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Returns the previous page number. Note that this is "dumb" and will return
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the previous page number regardless of whether a previous page exists.
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.. method:: Page.start_index()
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Returns the 1-based index of the first object on the page, relative to all
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of the objects in the paginator's list. For example, when paginating a list
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of 5 objects with 2 objects per page, the second page's :meth:`~Page.start_index`
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would return ``3``.
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.. method:: Page.end_index()
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Returns the 1-based index of the last object on the page, relative to all of
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the objects in the paginator's list. For example, when paginating a list of
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5 objects with 2 objects per page, the second page's :meth:`~Page.end_index`
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would return ``4``.
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Attributes
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----------
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.. attribute:: Page.object_list
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The list of objects on this page.
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.. attribute:: Page.number
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The 1-based page number for this page.
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.. attribute:: Page.paginator
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The associated :class:`Paginator` object.
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