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django/docs/howto/deployment/wsgi/index.txt
Tobias Kunze 4a954cfd11 Fixed #30573 -- Rephrased documentation to avoid words that minimise the involved difficulty.
This patch does not remove all occurrences of the words in question.
Rather, I went through all of the occurrences of the words listed
below, and judged if they a) suggested the reader had some kind of
knowledge/experience, and b) if they added anything of value (including
tone of voice, etc). I left most of the words alone. I looked at the
following words:

- simply/simple
- easy/easier/easiest
- obvious
- just
- merely
- straightforward
- ridiculous

Thanks to Carlton Gibson for guidance on how to approach this issue, and
to Tim Bell for providing the idea. But the enormous lion's share of
thanks go to Adam Johnson for his patient and helpful review.
2019-09-06 13:27:46 +02:00

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=======================
How to deploy with WSGI
=======================
Django's primary deployment platform is WSGI_, the Python standard for web
servers and applications.
.. _WSGI: https://wsgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
Django's :djadmin:`startproject` management command sets up a minimal default
WSGI configuration for you, which you can tweak as needed for your project,
and direct any WSGI-compliant application server to use.
Django includes getting-started documentation for the following WSGI servers:
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
gunicorn
uwsgi
modwsgi
apache-auth
The ``application`` object
==========================
The key concept of deploying with WSGI is the ``application`` callable which
the application server uses to communicate with your code. It's commonly
provided as an object named ``application`` in a Python module accessible to
the server.
The :djadmin:`startproject` command creates a file
:file:`<project_name>/wsgi.py` that contains such an ``application`` callable.
It's used both by Django's development server and in production WSGI
deployments.
WSGI servers obtain the path to the ``application`` callable from their
configuration. Django's built-in server, namely the :djadmin:`runserver`
command, reads it from the :setting:`WSGI_APPLICATION` setting. By default, it's
set to ``<project_name>.wsgi.application``, which points to the ``application``
callable in :file:`<project_name>/wsgi.py`.
Configuring the settings module
===============================
When the WSGI server loads your application, Django needs to import the
settings module — that's where your entire application is defined.
Django uses the :envvar:`DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE` environment variable to
locate the appropriate settings module. It must contain the dotted path to the
settings module. You can use a different value for development and production;
it all depends on how you organize your settings.
If this variable isn't set, the default :file:`wsgi.py` sets it to
``mysite.settings``, where ``mysite`` is the name of your project. That's how
:djadmin:`runserver` discovers the default settings file by default.
.. note::
Since environment variables are process-wide, this doesn't work when you
run multiple Django sites in the same process. This happens with mod_wsgi.
To avoid this problem, use mod_wsgi's daemon mode with each site in its
own daemon process, or override the value from the environment by
enforcing ``os.environ["DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"] = "mysite.settings"`` in
your :file:`wsgi.py`.
Applying WSGI middleware
========================
To apply `WSGI middleware`_ you can wrap the application object. For instance
you could add these lines at the bottom of :file:`wsgi.py`::
from helloworld.wsgi import HelloWorldApplication
application = HelloWorldApplication(application)
You could also replace the Django WSGI application with a custom WSGI
application that later delegates to the Django WSGI application, if you want
to combine a Django application with a WSGI application of another framework.
.. _`WSGI middleware`: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3333/#middleware-components-that-play-both-sides