django/django/middleware/common.py

import re
from urllib.parse import urlparse

from django.conf import settings
from django.core.exceptions import PermissionDenied
from django.core.mail import mail_managers
from django.http import HttpResponsePermanentRedirect
from django.urls import is_valid_path
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.utils.http import escape_leading_slashes


class CommonMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
    """
    "Common" middleware for taking care of some basic operations:

        - Forbid access to User-Agents in settings.DISALLOWED_USER_AGENTS

        - URL rewriting: Based on the APPEND_SLASH and PREPEND_WWW settings,
          append missing slashes and/or prepends missing "www."s.

            - If APPEND_SLASH is set and the initial URL doesn't end with a
              slash, and it is not found in urlpatterns, form a new URL by
              appending a slash at the end. If this new URL is found in
              urlpatterns, return an HTTP redirect to this new URL; otherwise
              process the initial URL as usual.

          This behavior can be customized by subclassing CommonMiddleware and
          overriding the response_redirect_class attribute.
    """

    response_redirect_class = HttpResponsePermanentRedirect

    def process_request(self, request):
        """
        Check for denied User-Agents and rewrite the URL based on
        settings.APPEND_SLASH and settings.PREPEND_WWW
        """

        # Check for denied User-Agents
        user_agent = request.META.get("HTTP_USER_AGENT")
        if user_agent is not None:
            for user_agent_regex in settings.DISALLOWED_USER_AGENTS:
                if user_agent_regex.search(user_agent):
                    raise PermissionDenied("Forbidden user agent")

        # Check for a redirect based on settings.PREPEND_WWW
        host = request.get_host()

        if settings.PREPEND_WWW and host and not host.startswith("www."):
            # Check if we also need to append a slash so we can do it all
            # with a single redirect. (This check may be somewhat expensive,
            # so we only do it if we already know we're sending a redirect,
            # or in process_response if we get a 404.)
            if self.should_redirect_with_slash(request):
                path = self.get_full_path_with_slash(request)
            else:
                path = request.get_full_path()

            return self.response_redirect_class(f"{request.scheme}://www.{host}{path}")

    def should_redirect_with_slash(self, request):
        """
        Return True if settings.APPEND_SLASH is True and appending a slash to
        the request path turns an invalid path into a valid one.
        """
        if settings.APPEND_SLASH and not request.path_info.endswith("/"):
            urlconf = getattr(request, "urlconf", None)
            if not is_valid_path(request.path_info, urlconf):
                match = is_valid_path("%s/" % request.path_info, urlconf)
                if match:
                    view = match.func
                    return getattr(view, "should_append_slash", True)
        return False

    def get_full_path_with_slash(self, request):
        """
        Return the full path of the request with a trailing slash appended.

        Raise a RuntimeError if settings.DEBUG is True and request.method is
        POST, PUT, or PATCH.
        """
        new_path = request.get_full_path(force_append_slash=True)
        # Prevent construction of scheme relative urls.
        new_path = escape_leading_slashes(new_path)
        if settings.DEBUG and request.method in ("POST", "PUT", "PATCH"):
            raise RuntimeError(
                "You called this URL via %(method)s, but the URL doesn't end "
                "in a slash and you have APPEND_SLASH set. Django can't "
                "redirect to the slash URL while maintaining %(method)s data. "
                "Change your form to point to %(url)s (note the trailing "
                "slash), or set APPEND_SLASH=False in your Django settings."
                % {
                    "method": request.method,
                    "url": request.get_host() + new_path,
                }
            )
        return new_path

    def process_response(self, request, response):
        """
        When the status code of the response is 404, it may redirect to a path
        with an appended slash if should_redirect_with_slash() returns True.
        """
        # If the given URL is "Not Found", then check if we should redirect to
        # a path with a slash appended.
        if response.status_code == 404 and self.should_redirect_with_slash(request):
            return self.response_redirect_class(self.get_full_path_with_slash(request))

        # Add the Content-Length header to non-streaming responses if not
        # already set.
        if not response.streaming and not response.has_header("Content-Length"):
            response.headers["Content-Length"] = str(len(response.content))

        return response


class BrokenLinkEmailsMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_response(self, request, response):
        """Send broken link emails for relevant 404 NOT FOUND responses."""
        if response.status_code == 404 and not settings.DEBUG:
            domain = request.get_host()
            path = request.get_full_path()
            referer = request.META.get("HTTP_REFERER", "")

            if not self.is_ignorable_request(request, path, domain, referer):
                ua = request.META.get("HTTP_USER_AGENT", "<none>")
                ip = request.META.get("REMOTE_ADDR", "<none>")
                mail_managers(
                    "Broken %slink on %s"
                    % (
                        (
                            "INTERNAL "
                            if self.is_internal_request(domain, referer)
                            else ""
                        ),
                        domain,
                    ),
                    "Referrer: %s\nRequested URL: %s\nUser agent: %s\n"
                    "IP address: %s\n" % (referer, path, ua, ip),
                    fail_silently=True,
                )
        return response

    def is_internal_request(self, domain, referer):
        """
        Return True if the referring URL is the same domain as the current
        request.
        """
        # Different subdomains are treated as different domains.
        return bool(re.match("^https?://%s/" % re.escape(domain), referer))

    def is_ignorable_request(self, request, uri, domain, referer):
        """
        Return True if the given request *shouldn't* notify the site managers
        according to project settings or in situations outlined by the inline
        comments.
        """
        # The referer is empty.
        if not referer:
            return True

        # APPEND_SLASH is enabled and the referer is equal to the current URL
        # without a trailing slash indicating an internal redirect.
        if settings.APPEND_SLASH and uri.endswith("/") and referer == uri[:-1]:
            return True

        # A '?' in referer is identified as a search engine source.
        if not self.is_internal_request(domain, referer) and "?" in referer:
            return True

        # The referer is equal to the current URL, ignoring the scheme (assumed
        # to be a poorly implemented bot).
        parsed_referer = urlparse(referer)
        if parsed_referer.netloc in ["", domain] and parsed_referer.path == uri:
            return True

        return any(pattern.search(uri) for pattern in settings.IGNORABLE_404_URLS)