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4a954cfd11
This patch does not remove all occurrences of the words in question. Rather, I went through all of the occurrences of the words listed below, and judged if they a) suggested the reader had some kind of knowledge/experience, and b) if they added anything of value (including tone of voice, etc). I left most of the words alone. I looked at the following words: - simply/simple - easy/easier/easiest - obvious - just - merely - straightforward - ridiculous Thanks to Carlton Gibson for guidance on how to approach this issue, and to Tim Bell for providing the idea. But the enormous lion's share of thanks go to Adam Johnson for his patient and helpful review.
948 lines
34 KiB
Plaintext
948 lines
34 KiB
Plaintext
=======
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Widgets
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=======
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.. module:: django.forms.widgets
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:synopsis: Django's built-in form widgets.
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.. currentmodule:: django.forms
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A widget is Django's representation of an HTML input element. The widget
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handles the rendering of the HTML, and the extraction of data from a GET/POST
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dictionary that corresponds to the widget.
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The HTML generated by the built-in widgets uses HTML5 syntax, targeting
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``<!DOCTYPE html>``. For example, it uses boolean attributes such as ``checked``
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rather than the XHTML style of ``checked='checked'``.
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.. tip::
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Widgets should not be confused with the :doc:`form fields </ref/forms/fields>`.
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Form fields deal with the logic of input validation and are used directly
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in templates. Widgets deal with rendering of HTML form input elements on
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the web page and extraction of raw submitted data. However, widgets do
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need to be :ref:`assigned <widget-to-field>` to form fields.
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.. _widget-to-field:
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Specifying widgets
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==================
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Whenever you specify a field on a form, Django will use a default widget
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that is appropriate to the type of data that is to be displayed. To find
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which widget is used on which field, see the documentation about
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:ref:`built-in-fields`.
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However, if you want to use a different widget for a field, you can
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use the :attr:`~Field.widget` argument on the field definition. For example::
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from django import forms
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class CommentForm(forms.Form):
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name = forms.CharField()
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url = forms.URLField()
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comment = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)
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This would specify a form with a comment that uses a larger :class:`Textarea`
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widget, rather than the default :class:`TextInput` widget.
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Setting arguments for widgets
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=============================
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Many widgets have optional extra arguments; they can be set when defining the
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widget on the field. In the following example, the
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:attr:`~django.forms.SelectDateWidget.years` attribute is set for a
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:class:`~django.forms.SelectDateWidget`::
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from django import forms
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BIRTH_YEAR_CHOICES = ['1980', '1981', '1982']
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FAVORITE_COLORS_CHOICES = [
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('blue', 'Blue'),
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('green', 'Green'),
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('black', 'Black'),
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]
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class SimpleForm(forms.Form):
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birth_year = forms.DateField(widget=forms.SelectDateWidget(years=BIRTH_YEAR_CHOICES))
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favorite_colors = forms.MultipleChoiceField(
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required=False,
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widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple,
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choices=FAVORITE_COLORS_CHOICES,
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)
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See the :ref:`built-in widgets` for more information about which widgets
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are available and which arguments they accept.
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Widgets inheriting from the ``Select`` widget
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=============================================
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Widgets inheriting from the :class:`Select` widget deal with choices. They
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present the user with a list of options to choose from. The different widgets
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present this choice differently; the :class:`Select` widget itself uses a
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``<select>`` HTML list representation, while :class:`RadioSelect` uses radio
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buttons.
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:class:`Select` widgets are used by default on :class:`ChoiceField` fields. The
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choices displayed on the widget are inherited from the :class:`ChoiceField` and
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changing :attr:`ChoiceField.choices` will update :attr:`Select.choices`. For
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example::
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>>> from django import forms
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>>> CHOICES = [('1', 'First'), ('2', 'Second')]
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>>> choice_field = forms.ChoiceField(widget=forms.RadioSelect, choices=CHOICES)
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>>> choice_field.choices
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[('1', 'First'), ('2', 'Second')]
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>>> choice_field.widget.choices
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[('1', 'First'), ('2', 'Second')]
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>>> choice_field.widget.choices = []
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>>> choice_field.choices = [('1', 'First and only')]
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>>> choice_field.widget.choices
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[('1', 'First and only')]
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Widgets which offer a :attr:`~Select.choices` attribute can however be used
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with fields which are not based on choice -- such as a :class:`CharField` --
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but it is recommended to use a :class:`ChoiceField`-based field when the
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choices are inherent to the model and not just the representational widget.
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Customizing widget instances
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============================
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When Django renders a widget as HTML, it only renders very minimal markup -
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Django doesn't add class names, or any other widget-specific attributes. This
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means, for example, that all :class:`TextInput` widgets will appear the same
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on your Web pages.
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There are two ways to customize widgets: :ref:`per widget instance
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<styling-widget-instances>` and :ref:`per widget class <styling-widget-classes>`.
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.. _styling-widget-instances:
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Styling widget instances
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------------------------
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If you want to make one widget instance look different from another, you will
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need to specify additional attributes at the time when the widget object is
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instantiated and assigned to a form field (and perhaps add some rules to your
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CSS files).
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For example, take the following form::
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from django import forms
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class CommentForm(forms.Form):
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name = forms.CharField()
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url = forms.URLField()
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comment = forms.CharField()
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This form will include three default :class:`TextInput` widgets, with default
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rendering -- no CSS class, no extra attributes. This means that the input boxes
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provided for each widget will be rendered exactly the same::
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>>> f = CommentForm(auto_id=False)
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>>> f.as_table()
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<tr><th>Name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" required></td></tr>
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<tr><th>Url:</th><td><input type="url" name="url" required></td></tr>
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<tr><th>Comment:</th><td><input type="text" name="comment" required></td></tr>
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On a real Web page, you probably don't want every widget to look the same. You
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might want a larger input element for the comment, and you might want the
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'name' widget to have some special CSS class. It is also possible to specify
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the 'type' attribute to take advantage of the new HTML5 input types. To do
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this, you use the :attr:`Widget.attrs` argument when creating the widget::
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class CommentForm(forms.Form):
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name = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'special'}))
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url = forms.URLField()
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comment = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'size': '40'}))
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You can also modify a widget in the form definition::
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class CommentForm(forms.Form):
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name = forms.CharField()
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url = forms.URLField()
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comment = forms.CharField()
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name.widget.attrs.update({'class': 'special'})
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comment.widget.attrs.update(size='40')
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Or if the field isn't declared directly on the form (such as model form fields),
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you can use the :attr:`Form.fields` attribute::
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class CommentForm(forms.ModelForm):
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def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
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super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
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self.fields['name'].widget.attrs.update({'class': 'special'})
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self.fields['comment'].widget.attrs.update(size='40')
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Django will then include the extra attributes in the rendered output:
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>>> f = CommentForm(auto_id=False)
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>>> f.as_table()
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<tr><th>Name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" class="special" required></td></tr>
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<tr><th>Url:</th><td><input type="url" name="url" required></td></tr>
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<tr><th>Comment:</th><td><input type="text" name="comment" size="40" required></td></tr>
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You can also set the HTML ``id`` using :attr:`~Widget.attrs`. See
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:attr:`BoundField.id_for_label` for an example.
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.. _styling-widget-classes:
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Styling widget classes
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----------------------
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With widgets, it is possible to add assets (``css`` and ``javascript``)
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and more deeply customize their appearance and behavior.
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In a nutshell, you will need to subclass the widget and either
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:ref:`define a "Media" inner class <assets-as-a-static-definition>` or
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:ref:`create a "media" property <dynamic-property>`.
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These methods involve somewhat advanced Python programming and are described in
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detail in the :doc:`Form Assets </topics/forms/media>` topic guide.
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.. _base-widget-classes:
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Base widget classes
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===================
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Base widget classes :class:`Widget` and :class:`MultiWidget` are subclassed by
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all the :ref:`built-in widgets <built-in widgets>` and may serve as a
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foundation for custom widgets.
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``Widget``
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----------
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.. class:: Widget(attrs=None)
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This abstract class cannot be rendered, but provides the basic attribute
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:attr:`~Widget.attrs`. You may also implement or override the
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:meth:`~Widget.render()` method on custom widgets.
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.. attribute:: Widget.attrs
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A dictionary containing HTML attributes to be set on the rendered
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widget.
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.. code-block:: pycon
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>>> from django import forms
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>>> name = forms.TextInput(attrs={'size': 10, 'title': 'Your name'})
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>>> name.render('name', 'A name')
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'<input title="Your name" type="text" name="name" value="A name" size="10">'
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If you assign a value of ``True`` or ``False`` to an attribute,
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it will be rendered as an HTML5 boolean attribute::
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>>> name = forms.TextInput(attrs={'required': True})
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>>> name.render('name', 'A name')
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'<input name="name" type="text" value="A name" required>'
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>>>
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>>> name = forms.TextInput(attrs={'required': False})
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>>> name.render('name', 'A name')
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'<input name="name" type="text" value="A name">'
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.. attribute:: Widget.supports_microseconds
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An attribute that defaults to ``True``. If set to ``False``, the
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microseconds part of :class:`~datetime.datetime` and
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:class:`~datetime.time` values will be set to ``0``.
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.. method:: format_value(value)
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Cleans and returns a value for use in the widget template. ``value``
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isn't guaranteed to be valid input, therefore subclass implementations
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should program defensively.
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.. method:: get_context(name, value, attrs)
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Returns a dictionary of values to use when rendering the widget
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template. By default, the dictionary contains a single key,
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``'widget'``, which is a dictionary representation of the widget
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containing the following keys:
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* ``'name'``: The name of the field from the ``name`` argument.
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* ``'is_hidden'``: A boolean indicating whether or not this widget is
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hidden.
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* ``'required'``: A boolean indicating whether or not the field for
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this widget is required.
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* ``'value'``: The value as returned by :meth:`format_value`.
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* ``'attrs'``: HTML attributes to be set on the rendered widget. The
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combination of the :attr:`attrs` attribute and the ``attrs`` argument.
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* ``'template_name'``: The value of ``self.template_name``.
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``Widget`` subclasses can provide custom context values by overriding
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this method.
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.. method:: id_for_label(id_)
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Returns the HTML ID attribute of this widget for use by a ``<label>``,
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given the ID of the field. Returns ``None`` if an ID isn't available.
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This hook is necessary because some widgets have multiple HTML
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elements and, thus, multiple IDs. In that case, this method should
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return an ID value that corresponds to the first ID in the widget's
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tags.
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.. method:: render(name, value, attrs=None, renderer=None)
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Renders a widget to HTML using the given renderer. If ``renderer`` is
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``None``, the renderer from the :setting:`FORM_RENDERER` setting is
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used.
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.. method:: value_from_datadict(data, files, name)
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Given a dictionary of data and this widget's name, returns the value
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of this widget. ``files`` may contain data coming from
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:attr:`request.FILES <django.http.HttpRequest.FILES>`. Returns ``None``
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if a value wasn't provided. Note also that ``value_from_datadict`` may
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be called more than once during handling of form data, so if you
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customize it and add expensive processing, you should implement some
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caching mechanism yourself.
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.. method:: value_omitted_from_data(data, files, name)
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Given ``data`` and ``files`` dictionaries and this widget's name,
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returns whether or not there's data or files for the widget.
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The method's result affects whether or not a field in a model form
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:ref:`falls back to its default <topics-modelform-save>`.
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Special cases are :class:`~django.forms.CheckboxInput`,
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:class:`~django.forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple`, and
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:class:`~django.forms.SelectMultiple`, which always return
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``False`` because an unchecked checkbox and unselected
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``<select multiple>`` don't appear in the data of an HTML form
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submission, so it's unknown whether or not the user submitted a value.
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.. method:: use_required_attribute(initial)
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Given a form field's ``initial`` value, returns whether or not the
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widget can be rendered with the ``required`` HTML attribute. Forms use
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this method along with :attr:`Field.required
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<django.forms.Field.required>` and :attr:`Form.use_required_attribute
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<django.forms.Form.use_required_attribute>` to determine whether or not
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to display the ``required`` attribute for each field.
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By default, returns ``False`` for hidden widgets and ``True``
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otherwise. Special cases are :class:`~django.forms.ClearableFileInput`,
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which returns ``False`` when ``initial`` is not set, and
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:class:`~django.forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple`, which always returns
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``False`` because browser validation would require all checkboxes to be
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checked instead of at least one.
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Override this method in custom widgets that aren't compatible with
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browser validation. For example, a WSYSIWG text editor widget backed by
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a hidden ``textarea`` element may want to always return ``False`` to
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avoid browser validation on the hidden field.
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``MultiWidget``
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---------------
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.. class:: MultiWidget(widgets, attrs=None)
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A widget that is composed of multiple widgets.
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:class:`~django.forms.MultiWidget` works hand in hand with the
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:class:`~django.forms.MultiValueField`.
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:class:`MultiWidget` has one required argument:
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.. attribute:: MultiWidget.widgets
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An iterable containing the widgets needed.
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And one required method:
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.. method:: decompress(value)
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This method takes a single "compressed" value from the field and
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returns a list of "decompressed" values. The input value can be
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assumed valid, but not necessarily non-empty.
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This method **must be implemented** by the subclass, and since the
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value may be empty, the implementation must be defensive.
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The rationale behind "decompression" is that it is necessary to "split"
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the combined value of the form field into the values for each widget.
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An example of this is how :class:`SplitDateTimeWidget` turns a
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:class:`~datetime.datetime` value into a list with date and time split
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into two separate values::
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from django.forms import MultiWidget
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class SplitDateTimeWidget(MultiWidget):
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# ...
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def decompress(self, value):
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if value:
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return [value.date(), value.time()]
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return [None, None]
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.. tip::
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Note that :class:`~django.forms.MultiValueField` has a
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complementary method :meth:`~django.forms.MultiValueField.compress`
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with the opposite responsibility - to combine cleaned values of
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all member fields into one.
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It provides some custom context:
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.. method:: get_context(name, value, attrs)
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In addition to the ``'widget'`` key described in
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:meth:`Widget.get_context`, ``MultiValueWidget`` adds a
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``widget['subwidgets']`` key.
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These can be looped over in the widget template:
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.. code-block:: html+django
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{% for subwidget in widget.subwidgets %}
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{% include subwidget.template_name with widget=subwidget %}
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{% endfor %}
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Here's an example widget which subclasses :class:`MultiWidget` to display
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a date with the day, month, and year in different select boxes. This widget
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is intended to be used with a :class:`~django.forms.DateField` rather than
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a :class:`~django.forms.MultiValueField`, thus we have implemented
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:meth:`~Widget.value_from_datadict`::
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from datetime import date
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from django.forms import widgets
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class DateSelectorWidget(widgets.MultiWidget):
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def __init__(self, attrs=None):
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# create choices for days, months, years
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# example below, the rest snipped for brevity.
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years = [(year, year) for year in (2011, 2012, 2013)]
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_widgets = (
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widgets.Select(attrs=attrs, choices=days),
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widgets.Select(attrs=attrs, choices=months),
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widgets.Select(attrs=attrs, choices=years),
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)
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super().__init__(_widgets, attrs)
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def decompress(self, value):
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if value:
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return [value.day, value.month, value.year]
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return [None, None, None]
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def value_from_datadict(self, data, files, name):
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datelist = [
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widget.value_from_datadict(data, files, name + '_%s' % i)
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for i, widget in enumerate(self.widgets)]
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try:
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D = date(
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day=int(datelist[0]),
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month=int(datelist[1]),
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year=int(datelist[2]),
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)
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except ValueError:
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return ''
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else:
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return str(D)
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The constructor creates several :class:`Select` widgets in a tuple. The
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``super`` class uses this tuple to setup the widget.
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The required method :meth:`~MultiWidget.decompress` breaks up a
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``datetime.date`` value into the day, month, and year values corresponding
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to each widget. Note how the method handles the case where ``value`` is
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``None``.
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The default implementation of :meth:`~Widget.value_from_datadict` returns
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a list of values corresponding to each ``Widget``. This is appropriate
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when using a ``MultiWidget`` with a :class:`~django.forms.MultiValueField`,
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but since we want to use this widget with a :class:`~django.forms.DateField`
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which takes a single value, we have overridden this method to combine the
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data of all the subwidgets into a ``datetime.date``. The method extracts
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data from the ``POST`` dictionary and constructs and validates the date.
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If it is valid, we return the string, otherwise, we return an empty string
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which will cause ``form.is_valid`` to return ``False``.
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.. _built-in widgets:
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Built-in widgets
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================
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Django provides a representation of all the basic HTML widgets, plus some
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commonly used groups of widgets in the ``django.forms.widgets`` module,
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including :ref:`the input of text <text-widgets>`, :ref:`various checkboxes
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and selectors <selector-widgets>`, :ref:`uploading files <file-upload-widgets>`,
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and :ref:`handling of multi-valued input <composite-widgets>`.
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.. _text-widgets:
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Widgets handling input of text
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------------------------------
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These widgets make use of the HTML elements ``input`` and ``textarea``.
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``TextInput``
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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|
|
.. class:: TextInput
|
|
|
|
* ``input_type``: ``'text'``
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/text.html'``
|
|
* Renders as: ``<input type="text" ...>``
|
|
|
|
``NumberInput``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: NumberInput
|
|
|
|
* ``input_type``: ``'number'``
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/number.html'``
|
|
* Renders as: ``<input type="number" ...>``
|
|
|
|
Beware that not all browsers support entering localized numbers in
|
|
``number`` input types. Django itself avoids using them for fields having
|
|
their :attr:`~django.forms.Field.localize` property set to ``True``.
|
|
|
|
``EmailInput``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: EmailInput
|
|
|
|
* ``input_type``: ``'email'``
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/email.html'``
|
|
* Renders as: ``<input type="email" ...>``
|
|
|
|
``URLInput``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: URLInput
|
|
|
|
* ``input_type``: ``'url'``
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/url.html'``
|
|
* Renders as: ``<input type="url" ...>``
|
|
|
|
``PasswordInput``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: PasswordInput
|
|
|
|
* ``input_type``: ``'password'``
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/password.html'``
|
|
* Renders as: ``<input type="password" ...>``
|
|
|
|
Takes one optional argument:
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: PasswordInput.render_value
|
|
|
|
Determines whether the widget will have a value filled in when the
|
|
form is re-displayed after a validation error (default is ``False``).
|
|
|
|
``HiddenInput``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: HiddenInput
|
|
|
|
* ``input_type``: ``'hidden'``
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/hidden.html'``
|
|
* Renders as: ``<input type="hidden" ...>``
|
|
|
|
Note that there also is a :class:`MultipleHiddenInput` widget that
|
|
encapsulates a set of hidden input elements.
|
|
|
|
``DateInput``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: DateInput
|
|
|
|
* ``input_type``: ``'text'``
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/date.html'``
|
|
* Renders as: ``<input type="text" ...>``
|
|
|
|
Takes same arguments as :class:`TextInput`, with one more optional argument:
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: DateInput.format
|
|
|
|
The format in which this field's initial value will be displayed.
|
|
|
|
If no ``format`` argument is provided, the default format is the first
|
|
format found in :setting:`DATE_INPUT_FORMATS` and respects
|
|
:doc:`/topics/i18n/formatting`.
|
|
|
|
``DateTimeInput``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: DateTimeInput
|
|
|
|
* ``input_type``: ``'text'``
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/datetime.html'``
|
|
* Renders as: ``<input type="text" ...>``
|
|
|
|
Takes same arguments as :class:`TextInput`, with one more optional argument:
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: DateTimeInput.format
|
|
|
|
The format in which this field's initial value will be displayed.
|
|
|
|
If no ``format`` argument is provided, the default format is the first
|
|
format found in :setting:`DATETIME_INPUT_FORMATS` and respects
|
|
:doc:`/topics/i18n/formatting`.
|
|
|
|
By default, the microseconds part of the time value is always set to ``0``.
|
|
If microseconds are required, use a subclass with the
|
|
:attr:`~Widget.supports_microseconds` attribute set to ``True``.
|
|
|
|
``TimeInput``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: TimeInput
|
|
|
|
* ``input_type``: ``'text'``
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/time.html'``
|
|
* Renders as: ``<input type="text" ...>``
|
|
|
|
Takes same arguments as :class:`TextInput`, with one more optional argument:
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: TimeInput.format
|
|
|
|
The format in which this field's initial value will be displayed.
|
|
|
|
If no ``format`` argument is provided, the default format is the first
|
|
format found in :setting:`TIME_INPUT_FORMATS` and respects
|
|
:doc:`/topics/i18n/formatting`.
|
|
|
|
For the treatment of microseconds, see :class:`DateTimeInput`.
|
|
|
|
``Textarea``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: Textarea
|
|
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/textarea.html'``
|
|
* Renders as: ``<textarea>...</textarea>``
|
|
|
|
.. _selector-widgets:
|
|
|
|
Selector and checkbox widgets
|
|
-----------------------------
|
|
|
|
These widgets make use of the HTML elements ``<select>``,
|
|
``<input type="checkbox">``, and ``<input type="radio">``.
|
|
|
|
Widgets that render multiple choices have an ``option_template_name`` attribute
|
|
that specifies the template used to render each choice. For example, for the
|
|
:class:`Select` widget, ``select_option.html`` renders the ``<option>`` for a
|
|
``<select>``.
|
|
|
|
``CheckboxInput``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: CheckboxInput
|
|
|
|
* ``input_type``: ``'checkbox'``
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/checkbox.html'``
|
|
* Renders as: ``<input type="checkbox" ...>``
|
|
|
|
Takes one optional argument:
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: CheckboxInput.check_test
|
|
|
|
A callable that takes the value of the ``CheckboxInput`` and returns
|
|
``True`` if the checkbox should be checked for that value.
|
|
|
|
``Select``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: Select
|
|
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/select.html'``
|
|
* ``option_template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/select_option.html'``
|
|
* Renders as: ``<select><option ...>...</select>``
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: Select.choices
|
|
|
|
This attribute is optional when the form field does not have a
|
|
``choices`` attribute. If it does, it will override anything you set
|
|
here when the attribute is updated on the :class:`Field`.
|
|
|
|
``NullBooleanSelect``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: NullBooleanSelect
|
|
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/select.html'``
|
|
* ``option_template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/select_option.html'``
|
|
|
|
Select widget with options 'Unknown', 'Yes' and 'No'
|
|
|
|
``SelectMultiple``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: SelectMultiple
|
|
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/select.html'``
|
|
* ``option_template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/select_option.html'``
|
|
|
|
Similar to :class:`Select`, but allows multiple selection:
|
|
``<select multiple>...</select>``
|
|
|
|
``RadioSelect``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: RadioSelect
|
|
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/radio.html'``
|
|
* ``option_template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/radio_option.html'``
|
|
|
|
Similar to :class:`Select`, but rendered as a list of radio buttons within
|
|
``<li>`` tags:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: html
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><input type="radio" name="..."></li>
|
|
...
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
For more granular control over the generated markup, you can loop over the
|
|
radio buttons in the template. Assuming a form ``myform`` with a field
|
|
``beatles`` that uses a ``RadioSelect`` as its widget:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: html+django
|
|
|
|
{% for radio in myform.beatles %}
|
|
<div class="myradio">
|
|
{{ radio }}
|
|
</div>
|
|
{% endfor %}
|
|
|
|
This would generate the following HTML:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: html
|
|
|
|
<div class="myradio">
|
|
<label for="id_beatles_0"><input id="id_beatles_0" name="beatles" type="radio" value="john" required> John</label>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="myradio">
|
|
<label for="id_beatles_1"><input id="id_beatles_1" name="beatles" type="radio" value="paul" required> Paul</label>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="myradio">
|
|
<label for="id_beatles_2"><input id="id_beatles_2" name="beatles" type="radio" value="george" required> George</label>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="myradio">
|
|
<label for="id_beatles_3"><input id="id_beatles_3" name="beatles" type="radio" value="ringo" required> Ringo</label>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
That included the ``<label>`` tags. To get more granular, you can use each
|
|
radio button's ``tag``, ``choice_label`` and ``id_for_label`` attributes.
|
|
For example, this template...
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: html+django
|
|
|
|
{% for radio in myform.beatles %}
|
|
<label for="{{ radio.id_for_label }}">
|
|
{{ radio.choice_label }}
|
|
<span class="radio">{{ radio.tag }}</span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
{% endfor %}
|
|
|
|
...will result in the following HTML:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: html
|
|
|
|
<label for="id_beatles_0">
|
|
John
|
|
<span class="radio"><input id="id_beatles_0" name="beatles" type="radio" value="john" required></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<label for="id_beatles_1">
|
|
Paul
|
|
<span class="radio"><input id="id_beatles_1" name="beatles" type="radio" value="paul" required></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<label for="id_beatles_2">
|
|
George
|
|
<span class="radio"><input id="id_beatles_2" name="beatles" type="radio" value="george" required></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<label for="id_beatles_3">
|
|
Ringo
|
|
<span class="radio"><input id="id_beatles_3" name="beatles" type="radio" value="ringo" required></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
If you decide not to loop over the radio buttons -- e.g., if your template
|
|
includes ``{{ myform.beatles }}`` -- they'll be output in a ``<ul>`` with
|
|
``<li>`` tags, as above.
|
|
|
|
The outer ``<ul>`` container receives the ``id`` attribute of the widget,
|
|
if defined, or :attr:`BoundField.auto_id` otherwise.
|
|
|
|
When looping over the radio buttons, the ``label`` and ``input`` tags include
|
|
``for`` and ``id`` attributes, respectively. Each radio button has an
|
|
``id_for_label`` attribute to output the element's ID.
|
|
|
|
``CheckboxSelectMultiple``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: CheckboxSelectMultiple
|
|
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/checkbox_select.html'``
|
|
* ``option_template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/checkbox_option.html'``
|
|
|
|
Similar to :class:`SelectMultiple`, but rendered as a list of checkboxes:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: html
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><input type="checkbox" name="..." ></li>
|
|
...
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
The outer ``<ul>`` container receives the ``id`` attribute of the widget,
|
|
if defined, or :attr:`BoundField.auto_id` otherwise.
|
|
|
|
Like :class:`RadioSelect`, you can loop over the individual checkboxes for the
|
|
widget's choices. Unlike :class:`RadioSelect`, the checkboxes won't include the
|
|
``required`` HTML attribute if the field is required because browser validation
|
|
would require all checkboxes to be checked instead of at least one.
|
|
|
|
When looping over the checkboxes, the ``label`` and ``input`` tags include
|
|
``for`` and ``id`` attributes, respectively. Each checkbox has an
|
|
``id_for_label`` attribute to output the element's ID.
|
|
|
|
.. _file-upload-widgets:
|
|
|
|
File upload widgets
|
|
-------------------
|
|
|
|
``FileInput``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: FileInput
|
|
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/file.html'``
|
|
* Renders as: ``<input type="file" ...>``
|
|
|
|
``ClearableFileInput``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: ClearableFileInput
|
|
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/clearable_file_input.html'``
|
|
* Renders as: ``<input type="file" ...>`` with an additional checkbox
|
|
input to clear the field's value, if the field is not required and has
|
|
initial data.
|
|
|
|
.. _composite-widgets:
|
|
|
|
Composite widgets
|
|
-----------------
|
|
|
|
``MultipleHiddenInput``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: MultipleHiddenInput
|
|
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/multiple_hidden.html'``
|
|
* Renders as: multiple ``<input type="hidden" ...>`` tags
|
|
|
|
A widget that handles multiple hidden widgets for fields that have a list
|
|
of values.
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: MultipleHiddenInput.choices
|
|
|
|
This attribute is optional when the form field does not have a
|
|
``choices`` attribute. If it does, it will override anything you set
|
|
here when the attribute is updated on the :class:`Field`.
|
|
|
|
``SplitDateTimeWidget``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: SplitDateTimeWidget
|
|
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/splitdatetime.html'``
|
|
|
|
Wrapper (using :class:`MultiWidget`) around two widgets: :class:`DateInput`
|
|
for the date, and :class:`TimeInput` for the time. Must be used with
|
|
:class:`SplitDateTimeField` rather than :class:`DateTimeField`.
|
|
|
|
``SplitDateTimeWidget`` has several optional arguments:
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: SplitDateTimeWidget.date_format
|
|
|
|
Similar to :attr:`DateInput.format`
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: SplitDateTimeWidget.time_format
|
|
|
|
Similar to :attr:`TimeInput.format`
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: SplitDateTimeWidget.date_attrs
|
|
.. attribute:: SplitDateTimeWidget.time_attrs
|
|
|
|
Similar to :attr:`Widget.attrs`. A dictionary containing HTML
|
|
attributes to be set on the rendered :class:`DateInput` and
|
|
:class:`TimeInput` widgets, respectively. If these attributes aren't
|
|
set, :attr:`Widget.attrs` is used instead.
|
|
|
|
``SplitHiddenDateTimeWidget``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: SplitHiddenDateTimeWidget
|
|
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/splithiddendatetime.html'``
|
|
|
|
Similar to :class:`SplitDateTimeWidget`, but uses :class:`HiddenInput` for
|
|
both date and time.
|
|
|
|
``SelectDateWidget``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: SelectDateWidget
|
|
|
|
* ``template_name``: ``'django/forms/widgets/select_date.html'``
|
|
|
|
Wrapper around three :class:`~django.forms.Select` widgets: one each for
|
|
month, day, and year.
|
|
|
|
Takes several optional arguments:
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: SelectDateWidget.years
|
|
|
|
An optional list/tuple of years to use in the "year" select box.
|
|
The default is a list containing the current year and the next 9 years.
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: SelectDateWidget.months
|
|
|
|
An optional dict of months to use in the "months" select box.
|
|
|
|
The keys of the dict correspond to the month number (1-indexed) and
|
|
the values are the displayed months::
|
|
|
|
MONTHS = {
|
|
1:_('jan'), 2:_('feb'), 3:_('mar'), 4:_('apr'),
|
|
5:_('may'), 6:_('jun'), 7:_('jul'), 8:_('aug'),
|
|
9:_('sep'), 10:_('oct'), 11:_('nov'), 12:_('dec')
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: SelectDateWidget.empty_label
|
|
|
|
If the :class:`~django.forms.DateField` is not required,
|
|
:class:`SelectDateWidget` will have an empty choice at the top of the
|
|
list (which is ``---`` by default). You can change the text of this
|
|
label with the ``empty_label`` attribute. ``empty_label`` can be a
|
|
``string``, ``list``, or ``tuple``. When a string is used, all select
|
|
boxes will each have an empty choice with this label. If ``empty_label``
|
|
is a ``list`` or ``tuple`` of 3 string elements, the select boxes will
|
|
have their own custom label. The labels should be in this order
|
|
``('year_label', 'month_label', 'day_label')``.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
# A custom empty label with string
|
|
field1 = forms.DateField(widget=SelectDateWidget(empty_label="Nothing"))
|
|
|
|
# A custom empty label with tuple
|
|
field1 = forms.DateField(
|
|
widget=SelectDateWidget(
|
|
empty_label=("Choose Year", "Choose Month", "Choose Day"),
|
|
),
|
|
)
|