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309 lines
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309 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
=====================
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How to install Django
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=====================
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This document will get you up and running with Django.
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Install Python
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==============
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Being a Python Web framework, Django requires Python.
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It works with any Python version from 2.4 to 2.7 (due to backwards
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incompatibilities in Python 3.0, Django does not currently work with
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Python 3.0; see :doc:`the Django FAQ </faq/install>` for more
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information on supported Python versions and the 3.0 transition).
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Get Python at http://www.python.org. If you're running Linux or Mac OS X, you
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probably already have it installed.
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.. admonition:: Django on Jython
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If you use Jython_ (a Python implementation for the Java platform), you'll
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need to follow a few additional steps. See :doc:`/howto/jython` for details.
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.. _jython: http://jython.org/
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Install Apache and mod_wsgi
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=============================
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If you just want to experiment with Django, skip ahead to the next
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section; Django includes a lightweight Web server you can use for
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testing, so you won't need to set up Apache until you're ready to
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deploy Django in production.
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If you want to use Django on a production site, use Apache with
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`mod_wsgi`_. mod_wsgi can operate in one of two modes: an embedded
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mode and a daemon mode. In embedded mode, mod_wsgi is similar to
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mod_perl -- it embeds Python within Apache and loads Python code into
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memory when the server starts. Code stays in memory throughout the
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life of an Apache process, which leads to significant performance
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gains over other server arrangements. In daemon mode, mod_wsgi spawns
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an independent daemon process that handles requests. The daemon
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process can run as a different user than the Web server, possibly
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leading to improved security, and the daemon process can be restarted
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without restarting the entire Apache Web server, possibly making
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refreshing your codebase more seamless. Consult the mod_wsgi
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documentation to determine which mode is right for your setup. Make
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sure you have Apache installed, with the mod_wsgi module activated.
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Django will work with any version of Apache that supports mod_wsgi.
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See :doc:`How to use Django with mod_wsgi </howto/deployment/modwsgi>`
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for information on how to configure mod_wsgi once you have it
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installed.
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If you can't use mod_wsgi for some reason, fear not: Django supports
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many other deployment options. Another option is :doc:`FastCGI
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</howto/deployment/fastcgi>`, perfect for using Django with servers
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other than Apache. Additionally, Django follows the WSGI_ spec, which
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allows it to run on a variety of server platforms. See the
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`server-arrangements wiki page`_ for specific installation
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instructions for each platform.
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.. _Apache: http://httpd.apache.org/
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.. _mod_wsgi: http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/
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.. _WSGI: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0333/
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.. _server-arrangements wiki page: http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/ServerArrangements
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.. _database-installation:
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Get your database running
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=========================
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If you plan to use Django's database API functionality, you'll need to make
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sure a database server is running. Django supports many different database
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servers and is officially supported with PostgreSQL_, MySQL_, Oracle_ and
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SQLite_ (although SQLite doesn't require a separate server to be running).
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In addition to the officially supported databases, there are backends provided
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by 3rd parties that allow you to use other databases with Django:
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* `Sybase SQL Anywhere`_
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* `IBM DB2`_
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* `Microsoft SQL Server 2005`_
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* Firebird_
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* ODBC_
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The Django versions and ORM features supported by these unofficial backends
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vary considerably. Queries regarding the specific capabilities of these
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unofficial backends, along with any support queries, should be directed to the
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support channels provided by each 3rd party project.
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In addition to a database backend, you'll need to make sure your Python
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database bindings are installed.
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* If you're using PostgreSQL, you'll need the psycopg_ package. Django supports
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both version 1 and 2. (When you configure Django's database layer, specify
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either ``postgresql`` [for version 1] or ``postgresql_psycopg2`` [for version 2].)
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If you're on Windows, check out the unofficial `compiled Windows version`_.
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* If you're using MySQL, you'll need MySQLdb_, version 1.2.1p2 or higher. You
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will also want to read the database-specific notes for the :doc:`MySQL
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backend </ref/databases>`.
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* If you're using SQLite and Python 2.4, you'll need pysqlite_. Use version
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2.0.3 or higher. Python 2.5 ships with an SQLite wrapper in the standard
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library, so you don't need to install anything extra in that case. Please
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read the SQLite backend :ref:`notes<sqlite-notes>`.
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* If you're using Oracle, you'll need a copy of cx_Oracle_, but please
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read the database-specific notes for the
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:ref:`Oracle backend <oracle-notes>` for important information
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regarding supported versions of both Oracle and ``cx_Oracle``.
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* If you're using an unofficial 3rd party backend, please consult the
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documentation provided for any additional requirements.
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If you plan to use Django's ``manage.py syncdb`` command to
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automatically create database tables for your models, you'll need to
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ensure that Django has permission to create and alter tables in the
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database you're using; if you plan to manually create the tables, you
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can simply grant Django ``SELECT``, ``INSERT``, ``UPDATE`` and
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``DELETE`` permissions. On some databases, Django will need
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``ALTER TABLE`` privileges during ``syncdb`` but won't issue
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``ALTER TABLE`` statements on a table once ``syncdb`` has created it.
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If you're using Django's :doc:`testing framework</topics/testing>` to test database queries,
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Django will need permission to create a test database.
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.. _PostgreSQL: http://www.postgresql.org/
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.. _MySQL: http://www.mysql.com/
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.. _Django's ticket system: http://code.djangoproject.com/report/1
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.. _psycopg: http://initd.org/pub/software/psycopg/
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.. _compiled Windows version: http://stickpeople.com/projects/python/win-psycopg/
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.. _MySQLdb: http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python
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.. _SQLite: http://www.sqlite.org/
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.. _pysqlite: http://trac.edgewall.org/wiki/PySqlite
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.. _cx_Oracle: http://cx-oracle.sourceforge.net/
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.. _Oracle: http://www.oracle.com/
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.. _Sybase SQL Anywhere: http://code.google.com/p/sqlany-django/
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.. _IBM DB2: http://code.google.com/p/ibm-db/
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.. _Microsoft SQL Server 2005: http://code.google.com/p/django-mssql/
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.. _Firebird: http://code.google.com/p/django-firebird/
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.. _ODBC: http://code.google.com/p/django-pyodbc/
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.. _removing-old-versions-of-django:
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Remove any old versions of Django
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=================================
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If you are upgrading your installation of Django from a previous version,
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you will need to uninstall the old Django version before installing the
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new version.
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If you installed Django using ``setup.py install``, uninstalling
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is as simple as deleting the ``django`` directory from your Python
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``site-packages``.
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If you installed Django from a Python egg, remove the Django ``.egg`` file,
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and remove the reference to the egg in the file named ``easy-install.pth``.
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This file should also be located in your ``site-packages`` directory.
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.. admonition:: Where are my ``site-packages`` stored?
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The location of the ``site-packages`` directory depends on the operating
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system, and the location in which Python was installed. To find out your
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system's ``site-packages`` location, execute the following:
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.. code-block:: bash
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python -c "from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib; print get_python_lib()"
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(Note that this should be run from a shell prompt, not a Python interactive
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prompt.)
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.. _install-django-code:
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Install the Django code
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=======================
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Installation instructions are slightly different depending on whether you're
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installing a distribution-specific package, downloading the latest official
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release, or fetching the latest development version.
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It's easy, no matter which way you choose.
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Installing a distribution-specific package
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Check the :doc:`distribution specific notes </misc/distributions>` to see if your
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platform/distribution provides official Django packages/installers.
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Distribution-provided packages will typically allow for automatic installation
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of dependencies and easy upgrade paths.
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.. _installing-official-release:
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Installing an official release
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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1. Download the latest release from our `download page`_.
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2. Untar the downloaded file (e.g. ``tar xzvf Django-NNN.tar.gz``,
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where ``NNN`` is the version number of the latest release).
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If you're using Windows, you can download the command-line tool
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bsdtar_ to do this, or you can use a GUI-based tool such as 7-zip_.
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3. Change into the directory created in step 2 (e.g. ``cd Django-NNN``).
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4. If you're using Linux, Mac OS X or some other flavor of Unix, enter
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the command ``sudo python setup.py install`` at the shell prompt.
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If you're using Windows, start up a command shell with administrator
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privileges and run the command ``setup.py install``.
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These commands will install Django in your Python installation's
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``site-packages`` directory.
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.. _bsdtar: http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/bsdtar.htm
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.. _7-zip: http://www.7-zip.org/
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.. _installing-development-version:
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Installing the development version
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. admonition:: Tracking Django development
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If you decide to use the latest development version of Django,
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you'll want to pay close attention to `the development timeline`_,
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and you'll want to keep an eye on `the list of
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backwards-incompatible changes`_. This will help you stay on top
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of any new features you might want to use, as well as any changes
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you'll need to make to your code when updating your copy of Django.
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(For stable releases, any necessary changes are documented in the
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release notes.)
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.. _the development timeline: http://code.djangoproject.com/timeline
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.. _the list of backwards-incompatible changes: http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/BackwardsIncompatibleChanges
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If you'd like to be able to update your Django code occasionally with the
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latest bug fixes and improvements, follow these instructions:
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1. Make sure that you have Subversion_ installed, and that you can run its
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commands from a shell. (Enter ``svn help`` at a shell prompt to test
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this.)
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2. Check out Django's main development branch (the 'trunk') like so:
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.. code-block:: bash
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svn co http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk/ django-trunk
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3. Next, make sure that the Python interpreter can load Django's code. There
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are various ways of accomplishing this. One of the most convenient, on
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Linux, Mac OSX or other Unix-like systems, is to use a symbolic link:
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.. code-block:: bash
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ln -s WORKING-DIR/django-trunk/django SITE-PACKAGES-DIR/django
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(In the above line, change ``SITE-PACKAGES-DIR`` to match the location of
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your system's ``site-packages`` directory, as explained in the
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"Where are my ``site-packages`` stored?" section above. Change WORKING-DIR
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to match the full path to your new ``django-trunk`` directory.)
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Alternatively, you can define your ``PYTHONPATH`` environment variable
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so that it includes the ``django-trunk`` directory. This is perhaps the
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most convenient solution on Windows systems, which don't support symbolic
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links. (Environment variables can be defined on Windows systems `from the
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Control Panel`_.)
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.. admonition:: What about Apache and mod_wsgi?
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If you take the approach of setting ``PYTHONPATH``, you'll need
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to remember to do the same thing in your WSGI application once
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you deploy your production site. Do this by appending to
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``sys.path`` in your WSGI application.
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More information about deployment is available, of course, in our
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:doc:`How to use Django with mod_wsgi </howto/deployment/modwsgi>`
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documentation.
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4. On Unix-like systems, create a symbolic link to the file
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``django-trunk/django/bin/django-admin.py`` in a directory on your system
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path, such as ``/usr/local/bin``. For example:
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.. code-block:: bash
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ln -s WORKING-DIR/django-trunk/django/bin/django-admin.py /usr/local/bin
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(In the above line, change WORKING-DIR to match the full path to your new
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``django-trunk`` directory.)
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This simply lets you type ``django-admin.py`` from within any directory,
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rather than having to qualify the command with the full path to the file.
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On Windows systems, the same result can be achieved by copying the file
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``django-trunk/django/bin/django-admin.py`` to somewhere on your system
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path, for example ``C:\Python24\Scripts``.
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You *don't* have to run ``python setup.py install``, because you've already
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carried out the equivalent actions in steps 3 and 4.
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When you want to update your copy of the Django source code, just run the
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command ``svn update`` from within the ``django-trunk`` directory. When you do
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this, Subversion will automatically download any changes.
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.. _`download page`: http://www.djangoproject.com/download/
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.. _Subversion: http://subversion.tigris.org/
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.. _from the Control Panel: http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/sysdm_advancd_environmnt_addchange_variable.mspx
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