import time import traceback from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta from threading import Thread from django.core.exceptions import FieldError from django.db import DatabaseError, IntegrityError, connection from django.test import ( SimpleTestCase, TestCase, TransactionTestCase, skipUnlessDBFeature, ) from .models import ( Author, Book, DefaultPerson, ManualPrimaryKeyTest, Person, Profile, Publisher, Tag, Thing, ) class GetOrCreateTests(TestCase): def setUp(self): self.lennon = Person.objects.create( first_name='John', last_name='Lennon', birthday=date(1940, 10, 9) ) def test_get_or_create_method_with_get(self): created = Person.objects.get_or_create( first_name="John", last_name="Lennon", defaults={ "birthday": date(1940, 10, 9) } )[1] self.assertFalse(created) self.assertEqual(Person.objects.count(), 1) def test_get_or_create_method_with_create(self): created = Person.objects.get_or_create( first_name='George', last_name='Harrison', defaults={ 'birthday': date(1943, 2, 25) } )[1] self.assertTrue(created) self.assertEqual(Person.objects.count(), 2) def test_get_or_create_redundant_instance(self): """ If we execute the exact same statement twice, the second time, it won't create a Person. """ Person.objects.get_or_create( first_name='George', last_name='Harrison', defaults={ 'birthday': date(1943, 2, 25) } ) created = Person.objects.get_or_create( first_name='George', last_name='Harrison', defaults={ 'birthday': date(1943, 2, 25) } )[1] self.assertFalse(created) self.assertEqual(Person.objects.count(), 2) def test_get_or_create_invalid_params(self): """ If you don't specify a value or default value for all required fields, you will get an error. """ with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError): Person.objects.get_or_create(first_name="Tom", last_name="Smith") def test_get_or_create_with_pk_property(self): """ Using the pk property of a model is allowed. """ Thing.objects.get_or_create(pk=1) def test_get_or_create_on_related_manager(self): p = Publisher.objects.create(name="Acme Publishing") # Create a book through the publisher. book, created = p.books.get_or_create(name="The Book of Ed & Fred") self.assertTrue(created) # The publisher should have one book. self.assertEqual(p.books.count(), 1) # Try get_or_create again, this time nothing should be created. book, created = p.books.get_or_create(name="The Book of Ed & Fred") self.assertFalse(created) # And the publisher should still have one book. self.assertEqual(p.books.count(), 1) # Add an author to the book. ed, created = book.authors.get_or_create(name="Ed") self.assertTrue(created) # The book should have one author. self.assertEqual(book.authors.count(), 1) # Try get_or_create again, this time nothing should be created. ed, created = book.authors.get_or_create(name="Ed") self.assertFalse(created) # And the book should still have one author. self.assertEqual(book.authors.count(), 1) # Add a second author to the book. fred, created = book.authors.get_or_create(name="Fred") self.assertTrue(created) # The book should have two authors now. self.assertEqual(book.authors.count(), 2) # Create an Author not tied to any books. Author.objects.create(name="Ted") # There should be three Authors in total. The book object should have two. self.assertEqual(Author.objects.count(), 3) self.assertEqual(book.authors.count(), 2) # Try creating a book through an author. _, created = ed.books.get_or_create(name="Ed's Recipes", publisher=p) self.assertTrue(created) # Now Ed has two Books, Fred just one. self.assertEqual(ed.books.count(), 2) self.assertEqual(fred.books.count(), 1) # Use the publisher's primary key value instead of a model instance. _, created = ed.books.get_or_create(name='The Great Book of Ed', publisher_id=p.id) self.assertTrue(created) # Try get_or_create again, this time nothing should be created. _, created = ed.books.get_or_create(name='The Great Book of Ed', publisher_id=p.id) self.assertFalse(created) # The publisher should have three books. self.assertEqual(p.books.count(), 3) def test_defaults_exact(self): """ If you have a field named defaults and want to use it as an exact lookup, you need to use 'defaults__exact'. """ obj, created = Person.objects.get_or_create( first_name='George', last_name='Harrison', defaults__exact='testing', defaults={ 'birthday': date(1943, 2, 25), 'defaults': 'testing', } ) self.assertTrue(created) self.assertEqual(obj.defaults, 'testing') obj2, created = Person.objects.get_or_create( first_name='George', last_name='Harrison', defaults__exact='testing', defaults={ 'birthday': date(1943, 2, 25), 'defaults': 'testing', } ) self.assertFalse(created) self.assertEqual(obj, obj2) def test_callable_defaults(self): """ Callables in `defaults` are evaluated if the instance is created. """ obj, created = Person.objects.get_or_create( first_name="George", defaults={"last_name": "Harrison", "birthday": lambda: date(1943, 2, 25)}, ) self.assertTrue(created) self.assertEqual(date(1943, 2, 25), obj.birthday) def test_callable_defaults_not_called(self): def raise_exception(): raise AssertionError obj, created = Person.objects.get_or_create( first_name="John", last_name="Lennon", defaults={"birthday": lambda: raise_exception()}, ) class GetOrCreateTestsWithManualPKs(TestCase): def setUp(self): self.first_pk = ManualPrimaryKeyTest.objects.create(id=1, data="Original") def test_create_with_duplicate_primary_key(self): """ If you specify an existing primary key, but different other fields, then you will get an error and data will not be updated. """ with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError): ManualPrimaryKeyTest.objects.get_or_create(id=1, data="Different") self.assertEqual(ManualPrimaryKeyTest.objects.get(id=1).data, "Original") def test_get_or_create_raises_IntegrityError_plus_traceback(self): """ get_or_create should raise IntegrityErrors with the full traceback. This is tested by checking that a known method call is in the traceback. We cannot use assertRaises here because we need to inspect the actual traceback. Refs #16340. """ try: ManualPrimaryKeyTest.objects.get_or_create(id=1, data="Different") except IntegrityError: formatted_traceback = traceback.format_exc() self.assertIn('obj.save', formatted_traceback) def test_savepoint_rollback(self): """ The database connection is still usable after a DatabaseError in get_or_create() (#20463). """ Tag.objects.create(text='foo') with self.assertRaises(DatabaseError): # pk 123456789 doesn't exist, so the tag object will be created. # Saving triggers a unique constraint violation on 'text'. Tag.objects.get_or_create(pk=123456789, defaults={'text': 'foo'}) # Tag objects can be created after the error. Tag.objects.create(text='bar') def test_get_or_create_empty(self): """ If all the attributes on a model have defaults, get_or_create() doesn't require any arguments. """ DefaultPerson.objects.get_or_create() class GetOrCreateTransactionTests(TransactionTestCase): available_apps = ['get_or_create'] def test_get_or_create_integrityerror(self): """ Regression test for #15117. Requires a TransactionTestCase on databases that delay integrity checks until the end of transactions, otherwise the exception is never raised. """ try: Profile.objects.get_or_create(person=Person(id=1)) except IntegrityError: pass else: self.skipTest("This backend does not support integrity checks.") class GetOrCreateThroughManyToMany(TestCase): def test_get_get_or_create(self): tag = Tag.objects.create(text='foo') a_thing = Thing.objects.create(name='a') a_thing.tags.add(tag) obj, created = a_thing.tags.get_or_create(text='foo') self.assertFalse(created) self.assertEqual(obj.pk, tag.pk) def test_create_get_or_create(self): a_thing = Thing.objects.create(name='a') obj, created = a_thing.tags.get_or_create(text='foo') self.assertTrue(created) self.assertEqual(obj.text, 'foo') self.assertIn(obj, a_thing.tags.all()) def test_something(self): Tag.objects.create(text='foo') a_thing = Thing.objects.create(name='a') with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError): a_thing.tags.get_or_create(text='foo') class UpdateOrCreateTests(TestCase): def test_update(self): Person.objects.create( first_name='John', last_name='Lennon', birthday=date(1940, 10, 9) ) p, created = Person.objects.update_or_create( first_name='John', last_name='Lennon', defaults={ 'birthday': date(1940, 10, 10) } ) self.assertFalse(created) self.assertEqual(p.first_name, 'John') self.assertEqual(p.last_name, 'Lennon') self.assertEqual(p.birthday, date(1940, 10, 10)) def test_create(self): p, created = Person.objects.update_or_create( first_name='John', last_name='Lennon', defaults={ 'birthday': date(1940, 10, 10) } ) self.assertTrue(created) self.assertEqual(p.first_name, 'John') self.assertEqual(p.last_name, 'Lennon') self.assertEqual(p.birthday, date(1940, 10, 10)) def test_create_twice(self): params = { 'first_name': 'John', 'last_name': 'Lennon', 'birthday': date(1940, 10, 10), } Person.objects.update_or_create(**params) # If we execute the exact same statement, it won't create a Person. p, created = Person.objects.update_or_create(**params) self.assertFalse(created) def test_integrity(self): """ If you don't specify a value or default value for all required fields, you will get an error. """ with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError): Person.objects.update_or_create(first_name="Tom", last_name="Smith") def test_manual_primary_key_test(self): """ If you specify an existing primary key, but different other fields, then you will get an error and data will not be updated. """ ManualPrimaryKeyTest.objects.create(id=1, data="Original") with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError): ManualPrimaryKeyTest.objects.update_or_create(id=1, data="Different") self.assertEqual(ManualPrimaryKeyTest.objects.get(id=1).data, "Original") def test_with_pk_property(self): """ Using the pk property of a model is allowed. """ Thing.objects.update_or_create(pk=1) def test_error_contains_full_traceback(self): """ update_or_create should raise IntegrityErrors with the full traceback. This is tested by checking that a known method call is in the traceback. We cannot use assertRaises/assertRaises here because we need to inspect the actual traceback. Refs #16340. """ try: ManualPrimaryKeyTest.objects.update_or_create(id=1, data="Different") except IntegrityError: formatted_traceback = traceback.format_exc() self.assertIn('obj.save', formatted_traceback) def test_create_with_related_manager(self): """ Should be able to use update_or_create from the related manager to create a book. Refs #23611. """ p = Publisher.objects.create(name="Acme Publishing") book, created = p.books.update_or_create(name="The Book of Ed & Fred") self.assertTrue(created) self.assertEqual(p.books.count(), 1) def test_update_with_related_manager(self): """ Should be able to use update_or_create from the related manager to update a book. Refs #23611. """ p = Publisher.objects.create(name="Acme Publishing") book = Book.objects.create(name="The Book of Ed & Fred", publisher=p) self.assertEqual(p.books.count(), 1) name = "The Book of Django" book, created = p.books.update_or_create(defaults={'name': name}, id=book.id) self.assertFalse(created) self.assertEqual(book.name, name) self.assertEqual(p.books.count(), 1) def test_create_with_many(self): """ Should be able to use update_or_create from the m2m related manager to create a book. Refs #23611. """ p = Publisher.objects.create(name="Acme Publishing") author = Author.objects.create(name="Ted") book, created = author.books.update_or_create(name="The Book of Ed & Fred", publisher=p) self.assertTrue(created) self.assertEqual(author.books.count(), 1) def test_update_with_many(self): """ Should be able to use update_or_create from the m2m related manager to update a book. Refs #23611. """ p = Publisher.objects.create(name="Acme Publishing") author = Author.objects.create(name="Ted") book = Book.objects.create(name="The Book of Ed & Fred", publisher=p) book.authors.add(author) self.assertEqual(author.books.count(), 1) name = "The Book of Django" book, created = author.books.update_or_create(defaults={'name': name}, id=book.id) self.assertFalse(created) self.assertEqual(book.name, name) self.assertEqual(author.books.count(), 1) def test_defaults_exact(self): """ If you have a field named defaults and want to use it as an exact lookup, you need to use 'defaults__exact'. """ obj, created = Person.objects.update_or_create( first_name='George', last_name='Harrison', defaults__exact='testing', defaults={ 'birthday': date(1943, 2, 25), 'defaults': 'testing', } ) self.assertTrue(created) self.assertEqual(obj.defaults, 'testing') obj, created = Person.objects.update_or_create( first_name='George', last_name='Harrison', defaults__exact='testing', defaults={ 'birthday': date(1943, 2, 25), 'defaults': 'another testing', } ) self.assertFalse(created) self.assertEqual(obj.defaults, 'another testing') def test_create_callable_default(self): obj, created = Person.objects.update_or_create( first_name='George', last_name='Harrison', defaults={'birthday': lambda: date(1943, 2, 25)}, ) self.assertIs(created, True) self.assertEqual(obj.birthday, date(1943, 2, 25)) def test_update_callable_default(self): Person.objects.update_or_create( first_name='George', last_name='Harrison', birthday=date(1942, 2, 25), ) obj, created = Person.objects.update_or_create( first_name='George', defaults={'last_name': lambda: 'NotHarrison'}, ) self.assertIs(created, False) self.assertEqual(obj.last_name, 'NotHarrison') class UpdateOrCreateTransactionTests(TransactionTestCase): available_apps = ['get_or_create'] @skipUnlessDBFeature('has_select_for_update') @skipUnlessDBFeature('supports_transactions') def test_updates_in_transaction(self): """ Objects are selected and updated in a transaction to avoid race conditions. This test forces update_or_create() to hold the lock in another thread for a relatively long time so that it can update while it holds the lock. The updated field isn't a field in 'defaults', so update_or_create() shouldn't have an effect on it. """ lock_status = {'has_grabbed_lock': False} def birthday_sleep(): lock_status['has_grabbed_lock'] = True time.sleep(0.5) return date(1940, 10, 10) def update_birthday_slowly(): Person.objects.update_or_create( first_name='John', defaults={'birthday': birthday_sleep} ) # Avoid leaking connection for Oracle connection.close() def lock_wait(): # timeout after ~0.5 seconds for i in range(20): time.sleep(0.025) if lock_status['has_grabbed_lock']: return True return False Person.objects.create(first_name='John', last_name='Lennon', birthday=date(1940, 10, 9)) # update_or_create in a separate thread t = Thread(target=update_birthday_slowly) before_start = datetime.now() t.start() if not lock_wait(): self.skipTest('Database took too long to lock the row') # Update during lock Person.objects.filter(first_name='John').update(last_name='NotLennon') after_update = datetime.now() # Wait for thread to finish t.join() # The update remains and it blocked. updated_person = Person.objects.get(first_name='John') self.assertGreater(after_update - before_start, timedelta(seconds=0.5)) self.assertEqual(updated_person.last_name, 'NotLennon') class InvalidCreateArgumentsTests(SimpleTestCase): msg = "Invalid field name(s) for model Thing: 'nonexistent'." def test_get_or_create_with_invalid_defaults(self): with self.assertRaisesMessage(FieldError, self.msg): Thing.objects.get_or_create(name='a', defaults={'nonexistent': 'b'}) def test_get_or_create_with_invalid_kwargs(self): with self.assertRaisesMessage(FieldError, self.msg): Thing.objects.get_or_create(name='a', nonexistent='b') def test_update_or_create_with_invalid_defaults(self): with self.assertRaisesMessage(FieldError, self.msg): Thing.objects.update_or_create(name='a', defaults={'nonexistent': 'b'}) def test_update_or_create_with_invalid_kwargs(self): with self.assertRaisesMessage(FieldError, self.msg): Thing.objects.update_or_create(name='a', nonexistent='b') def test_multiple_invalid_fields(self): with self.assertRaisesMessage(FieldError, "Invalid field name(s) for model Thing: 'invalid', 'nonexistent'"): Thing.objects.update_or_create(name='a', nonexistent='b', defaults={'invalid': 'c'})