""" 14. Using a custom primary key By default, Django adds an ``"id"`` field to each model. But you can override this behavior by explicitly adding ``primary_key=True`` to a field. """ from django.db import models class Employee(models.Model): employee_code = models.CharField(maxlength=10, primary_key=True, db_column = 'code') first_name = models.CharField(maxlength=20) last_name = models.CharField(maxlength=20) class Meta: ordering = ('last_name', 'first_name') def __str__(self): return "%s %s" % (self.first_name, self.last_name) class Business(models.Model): name = models.CharField(maxlength=20, primary_key=True) employees = models.ManyToManyField(Employee) class Meta: verbose_name_plural = 'businesses' def __str__(self): return self.name __test__ = {'API_TESTS':""" >>> dan = Employee(employee_code='ABC123', first_name='Dan', last_name='Jones') >>> dan.save() >>> Employee.objects.all() [] >>> fran = Employee(employee_code='XYZ456', first_name='Fran', last_name='Bones') >>> fran.save() >>> Employee.objects.all() [, ] >>> Employee.objects.get(pk='ABC123') >>> Employee.objects.get(pk='XYZ456') >>> Employee.objects.get(pk='foo') Traceback (most recent call last): ... DoesNotExist: Employee matching query does not exist. # Use the name of the primary key, rather than pk. >>> Employee.objects.get(employee_code__exact='ABC123') # pk can be used as a substitute for the primary key. >>> Employee.objects.filter(pk__in=['ABC123','XYZ456']) [, ] # Fran got married and changed her last name. >>> fran = Employee.objects.get(pk='XYZ456') >>> fran.last_name = 'Jones' >>> fran.save() >>> Employee.objects.filter(last_name__exact='Jones') [, ] >>> Employee.objects.in_bulk(['ABC123', 'XYZ456']) {'XYZ456': , 'ABC123': } >>> b = Business(name='Sears') >>> b.save() >>> b.employees.add(dan, fran) >>> b.employees.all() [, ] >>> fran.business_set.all() [] >>> Business.objects.in_bulk(['Sears']) {'Sears': } >>> Business.objects.filter(name__exact='Sears') [] >>> Business.objects.filter(pk='Sears') [] # Queries across tables, involving primary key >>> Employee.objects.filter(business__name__exact='Sears') [, ] >>> Employee.objects.filter(business__pk='Sears') [, ] >>> Business.objects.filter(employees__employee_code__exact='ABC123') [] >>> Business.objects.filter(employees__pk='ABC123') [] >>> Business.objects.filter(employees__first_name__startswith='Fran') [] """}