import os
import shutil
import struct
import tempfile
import zipfile
from pathlib import Path
from unittest import mock

from django.contrib.gis.gdal import GDAL_VERSION, GDALRaster, SpatialReference
from django.contrib.gis.gdal.error import GDALException
from django.contrib.gis.gdal.raster.band import GDALBand
from django.contrib.gis.shortcuts import numpy
from django.core.files.temp import NamedTemporaryFile
from django.test import SimpleTestCase

from ..data.rasters.textrasters import JSON_RASTER


class GDALRasterTests(SimpleTestCase):
    """
    Test a GDALRaster instance created from a file (GeoTiff).
    """

    def setUp(self):
        self.rs_path = os.path.join(
            os.path.dirname(__file__), "../data/rasters/raster.tif"
        )
        self.rs = GDALRaster(self.rs_path)

    def test_gdalraster_input_as_path(self):
        rs_path = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "data" / "rasters" / "raster.tif"
        rs = GDALRaster(rs_path)
        self.assertEqual(str(rs_path), rs.name)

    def test_rs_name_repr(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.rs_path, self.rs.name)
        self.assertRegex(repr(self.rs), r"<Raster object at 0x\w+>")

    def test_rs_driver(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.rs.driver.name, "GTiff")

    def test_rs_size(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.rs.width, 163)
        self.assertEqual(self.rs.height, 174)

    def test_rs_srs(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.rs.srs.srid, 3086)
        self.assertEqual(self.rs.srs.units, (1.0, "metre"))

    def test_rs_srid(self):
        rast = GDALRaster(
            {
                "width": 16,
                "height": 16,
                "srid": 4326,
            }
        )
        self.assertEqual(rast.srid, 4326)
        rast.srid = 3086
        self.assertEqual(rast.srid, 3086)

    def test_geotransform_and_friends(self):
        # Assert correct values for file based raster
        self.assertEqual(
            self.rs.geotransform,
            [511700.4680706557, 100.0, 0.0, 435103.3771231986, 0.0, -100.0],
        )
        self.assertEqual(self.rs.origin, [511700.4680706557, 435103.3771231986])
        self.assertEqual(self.rs.origin.x, 511700.4680706557)
        self.assertEqual(self.rs.origin.y, 435103.3771231986)
        self.assertEqual(self.rs.scale, [100.0, -100.0])
        self.assertEqual(self.rs.scale.x, 100.0)
        self.assertEqual(self.rs.scale.y, -100.0)
        self.assertEqual(self.rs.skew, [0, 0])
        self.assertEqual(self.rs.skew.x, 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.rs.skew.y, 0)
        # Create in-memory rasters and change gtvalues
        rsmem = GDALRaster(JSON_RASTER)
        # geotransform accepts both floats and ints
        rsmem.geotransform = [0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0]
        self.assertEqual(rsmem.geotransform, [0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0])
        rsmem.geotransform = range(6)
        self.assertEqual(rsmem.geotransform, [float(x) for x in range(6)])
        self.assertEqual(rsmem.origin, [0, 3])
        self.assertEqual(rsmem.origin.x, 0)
        self.assertEqual(rsmem.origin.y, 3)
        self.assertEqual(rsmem.scale, [1, 5])
        self.assertEqual(rsmem.scale.x, 1)
        self.assertEqual(rsmem.scale.y, 5)
        self.assertEqual(rsmem.skew, [2, 4])
        self.assertEqual(rsmem.skew.x, 2)
        self.assertEqual(rsmem.skew.y, 4)
        self.assertEqual(rsmem.width, 5)
        self.assertEqual(rsmem.height, 5)

    def test_geotransform_bad_inputs(self):
        rsmem = GDALRaster(JSON_RASTER)
        error_geotransforms = [
            [1, 2],
            [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, "foo"],
            [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, "foo"],
        ]
        msg = "Geotransform must consist of 6 numeric values."
        for geotransform in error_geotransforms:
            with self.subTest(i=geotransform), self.assertRaisesMessage(
                ValueError, msg
            ):
                rsmem.geotransform = geotransform

    def test_rs_extent(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            self.rs.extent,
            (
                511700.4680706557,
                417703.3771231986,
                528000.4680706557,
                435103.3771231986,
            ),
        )

    def test_rs_bands(self):
        self.assertEqual(len(self.rs.bands), 1)
        self.assertIsInstance(self.rs.bands[0], GDALBand)

    def test_memory_based_raster_creation(self):
        # Create uint8 raster with full pixel data range (0-255)
        rast = GDALRaster(
            {
                "datatype": 1,
                "width": 16,
                "height": 16,
                "srid": 4326,
                "bands": [
                    {
                        "data": range(256),
                        "nodata_value": 255,
                    }
                ],
            }
        )

        # Get array from raster
        result = rast.bands[0].data()
        if numpy:
            result = result.flatten().tolist()

        # Assert data is same as original input
        self.assertEqual(result, list(range(256)))

    def test_file_based_raster_creation(self):
        # Prepare tempfile
        rstfile = NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".tif")

        # Create file-based raster from scratch
        GDALRaster(
            {
                "datatype": self.rs.bands[0].datatype(),
                "driver": "tif",
                "name": rstfile.name,
                "width": 163,
                "height": 174,
                "nr_of_bands": 1,
                "srid": self.rs.srs.wkt,
                "origin": (self.rs.origin.x, self.rs.origin.y),
                "scale": (self.rs.scale.x, self.rs.scale.y),
                "skew": (self.rs.skew.x, self.rs.skew.y),
                "bands": [
                    {
                        "data": self.rs.bands[0].data(),
                        "nodata_value": self.rs.bands[0].nodata_value,
                    }
                ],
            }
        )

        # Reload newly created raster from file
        restored_raster = GDALRaster(rstfile.name)
        # Presence of TOWGS84 depend on GDAL/Proj versions.
        self.assertEqual(
            restored_raster.srs.wkt.replace("TOWGS84[0,0,0,0,0,0,0],", ""),
            self.rs.srs.wkt.replace("TOWGS84[0,0,0,0,0,0,0],", ""),
        )
        self.assertEqual(restored_raster.geotransform, self.rs.geotransform)
        if numpy:
            numpy.testing.assert_equal(
                restored_raster.bands[0].data(), self.rs.bands[0].data()
            )
        else:
            self.assertEqual(restored_raster.bands[0].data(), self.rs.bands[0].data())

    def test_nonexistent_file(self):
        msg = 'Unable to read raster source input "nonexistent.tif".'
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(GDALException, msg):
            GDALRaster("nonexistent.tif")

    def test_vsi_raster_creation(self):
        # Open a raster as a file object.
        with open(self.rs_path, "rb") as dat:
            # Instantiate a raster from the file binary buffer.
            vsimem = GDALRaster(dat.read())
        # The data of the in-memory file is equal to the source file.
        result = vsimem.bands[0].data()
        target = self.rs.bands[0].data()
        if numpy:
            result = result.flatten().tolist()
            target = target.flatten().tolist()
        self.assertEqual(result, target)

    def test_vsi_raster_deletion(self):
        path = "/vsimem/raster.tif"
        # Create a vsi-based raster from scratch.
        vsimem = GDALRaster(
            {
                "name": path,
                "driver": "tif",
                "width": 4,
                "height": 4,
                "srid": 4326,
                "bands": [
                    {
                        "data": range(16),
                    }
                ],
            }
        )
        # The virtual file exists.
        rst = GDALRaster(path)
        self.assertEqual(rst.width, 4)
        # Delete GDALRaster.
        del vsimem
        del rst
        # The virtual file has been removed.
        msg = 'Could not open the datasource at "/vsimem/raster.tif"'
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(GDALException, msg):
            GDALRaster(path)

    def test_vsi_invalid_buffer_error(self):
        msg = "Failed creating VSI raster from the input buffer."
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(GDALException, msg):
            GDALRaster(b"not-a-raster-buffer")

    def test_vsi_buffer_property(self):
        # Create a vsi-based raster from scratch.
        rast = GDALRaster(
            {
                "name": "/vsimem/raster.tif",
                "driver": "tif",
                "width": 4,
                "height": 4,
                "srid": 4326,
                "bands": [
                    {
                        "data": range(16),
                    }
                ],
            }
        )
        # Do a round trip from raster to buffer to raster.
        result = GDALRaster(rast.vsi_buffer).bands[0].data()
        if numpy:
            result = result.flatten().tolist()
        # Band data is equal to nodata value except on input block of ones.
        self.assertEqual(result, list(range(16)))
        # The vsi buffer is None for rasters that are not vsi based.
        self.assertIsNone(self.rs.vsi_buffer)

    def test_vsi_vsizip_filesystem(self):
        rst_zipfile = NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".zip")
        with zipfile.ZipFile(rst_zipfile, mode="w") as zf:
            zf.write(self.rs_path, "raster.tif")
        rst_path = "/vsizip/" + os.path.join(rst_zipfile.name, "raster.tif")
        rst = GDALRaster(rst_path)
        self.assertEqual(rst.driver.name, self.rs.driver.name)
        self.assertEqual(rst.name, rst_path)
        self.assertIs(rst.is_vsi_based, True)
        self.assertIsNone(rst.vsi_buffer)

    def test_offset_size_and_shape_on_raster_creation(self):
        rast = GDALRaster(
            {
                "datatype": 1,
                "width": 4,
                "height": 4,
                "srid": 4326,
                "bands": [
                    {
                        "data": (1,),
                        "offset": (1, 1),
                        "size": (2, 2),
                        "shape": (1, 1),
                        "nodata_value": 2,
                    }
                ],
            }
        )
        # Get array from raster.
        result = rast.bands[0].data()
        if numpy:
            result = result.flatten().tolist()
        # Band data is equal to nodata value except on input block of ones.
        self.assertEqual(result, [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2])

    def test_set_nodata_value_on_raster_creation(self):
        # Create raster filled with nodata values.
        rast = GDALRaster(
            {
                "datatype": 1,
                "width": 2,
                "height": 2,
                "srid": 4326,
                "bands": [{"nodata_value": 23}],
            }
        )
        # Get array from raster.
        result = rast.bands[0].data()
        if numpy:
            result = result.flatten().tolist()
        # All band data is equal to nodata value.
        self.assertEqual(result, [23] * 4)

    def test_set_nodata_none_on_raster_creation(self):
        # Create raster without data and without nodata value.
        rast = GDALRaster(
            {
                "datatype": 1,
                "width": 2,
                "height": 2,
                "srid": 4326,
                "bands": [{"nodata_value": None}],
            }
        )
        # Get array from raster.
        result = rast.bands[0].data()
        if numpy:
            result = result.flatten().tolist()
        # Band data is equal to zero because no nodata value has been specified.
        self.assertEqual(result, [0] * 4)

    def test_raster_metadata_property(self):
        data = self.rs.metadata
        self.assertEqual(data["DEFAULT"], {"AREA_OR_POINT": "Area"})
        self.assertEqual(data["IMAGE_STRUCTURE"], {"INTERLEAVE": "BAND"})

        # Create file-based raster from scratch
        source = GDALRaster(
            {
                "datatype": 1,
                "width": 2,
                "height": 2,
                "srid": 4326,
                "bands": [{"data": range(4), "nodata_value": 99}],
            }
        )
        # Set metadata on raster and on a band.
        metadata = {
            "DEFAULT": {"OWNER": "Django", "VERSION": "1.0", "AREA_OR_POINT": "Point"},
        }
        source.metadata = metadata
        source.bands[0].metadata = metadata
        self.assertEqual(source.metadata["DEFAULT"], metadata["DEFAULT"])
        self.assertEqual(source.bands[0].metadata["DEFAULT"], metadata["DEFAULT"])
        # Update metadata on raster.
        metadata = {
            "DEFAULT": {"VERSION": "2.0"},
        }
        source.metadata = metadata
        self.assertEqual(source.metadata["DEFAULT"]["VERSION"], "2.0")
        # Remove metadata on raster.
        metadata = {
            "DEFAULT": {"OWNER": None},
        }
        source.metadata = metadata
        self.assertNotIn("OWNER", source.metadata["DEFAULT"])

    def test_raster_info_accessor(self):
        infos = self.rs.info
        # Data
        info_lines = [line.strip() for line in infos.split("\n") if line.strip() != ""]
        for line in [
            "Driver: GTiff/GeoTIFF",
            "Files: {}".format(self.rs_path),
            "Size is 163, 174",
            "Origin = (511700.468070655711927,435103.377123198588379)",
            "Pixel Size = (100.000000000000000,-100.000000000000000)",
            "Metadata:",
            "AREA_OR_POINT=Area",
            "Image Structure Metadata:",
            "INTERLEAVE=BAND",
            "Band 1 Block=163x50 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Gray",
            "NoData Value=15",
        ]:
            self.assertIn(line, info_lines)
        for line in [
            r"Upper Left  \(  511700.468,  435103.377\) "
            r'\( 82d51\'46.1\d"W, 27d55\' 1.5\d"N\)',
            r"Lower Left  \(  511700.468,  417703.377\) "
            r'\( 82d51\'52.0\d"W, 27d45\'37.5\d"N\)',
            r"Upper Right \(  528000.468,  435103.377\) "
            r'\( 82d41\'48.8\d"W, 27d54\'56.3\d"N\)',
            r"Lower Right \(  528000.468,  417703.377\) "
            r'\( 82d41\'55.5\d"W, 27d45\'32.2\d"N\)',
            r"Center      \(  519850.468,  426403.377\) "
            r'\( 82d46\'50.6\d"W, 27d50\'16.9\d"N\)',
        ]:
            self.assertRegex(infos, line)
        # CRS (skip the name because string depends on the GDAL/Proj versions).
        self.assertIn("NAD83 / Florida GDL Albers", infos)

    def test_compressed_file_based_raster_creation(self):
        rstfile = NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".tif")
        # Make a compressed copy of an existing raster.
        compressed = self.rs.warp(
            {"papsz_options": {"compress": "packbits"}, "name": rstfile.name}
        )
        # Check physically if compression worked.
        self.assertLess(os.path.getsize(compressed.name), os.path.getsize(self.rs.name))
        # Create file-based raster with options from scratch.
        papsz_options = {
            "compress": "packbits",
            "blockxsize": 23,
            "blockysize": 23,
        }
        if GDAL_VERSION < (3, 7):
            datatype = 1
            papsz_options["pixeltype"] = "signedbyte"
        else:
            datatype = 14
        compressed = GDALRaster(
            {
                "datatype": datatype,
                "driver": "tif",
                "name": rstfile.name,
                "width": 40,
                "height": 40,
                "srid": 3086,
                "origin": (500000, 400000),
                "scale": (100, -100),
                "skew": (0, 0),
                "bands": [
                    {
                        "data": range(40 ^ 2),
                        "nodata_value": 255,
                    }
                ],
                "papsz_options": papsz_options,
            }
        )
        # Check if options used on creation are stored in metadata.
        # Reopening the raster ensures that all metadata has been written
        # to the file.
        compressed = GDALRaster(compressed.name)
        self.assertEqual(
            compressed.metadata["IMAGE_STRUCTURE"]["COMPRESSION"],
            "PACKBITS",
        )
        self.assertEqual(compressed.bands[0].datatype(), datatype)
        if GDAL_VERSION < (3, 7):
            self.assertEqual(
                compressed.bands[0].metadata["IMAGE_STRUCTURE"]["PIXELTYPE"],
                "SIGNEDBYTE",
            )
        self.assertIn("Block=40x23", compressed.info)

    def test_raster_warp(self):
        # Create in memory raster
        source = GDALRaster(
            {
                "datatype": 1,
                "driver": "MEM",
                "name": "sourceraster",
                "width": 4,
                "height": 4,
                "nr_of_bands": 1,
                "srid": 3086,
                "origin": (500000, 400000),
                "scale": (100, -100),
                "skew": (0, 0),
                "bands": [
                    {
                        "data": range(16),
                        "nodata_value": 255,
                    }
                ],
            }
        )

        # Test altering the scale, width, and height of a raster
        data = {
            "scale": [200, -200],
            "width": 2,
            "height": 2,
        }
        target = source.warp(data)
        self.assertEqual(target.width, data["width"])
        self.assertEqual(target.height, data["height"])
        self.assertEqual(target.scale, data["scale"])
        self.assertEqual(target.bands[0].datatype(), source.bands[0].datatype())
        self.assertEqual(target.name, "sourceraster_copy.MEM")
        result = target.bands[0].data()
        if numpy:
            result = result.flatten().tolist()
        self.assertEqual(result, [5, 7, 13, 15])

        # Test altering the name and datatype (to float)
        data = {
            "name": "/path/to/targetraster.tif",
            "datatype": 6,
        }
        target = source.warp(data)
        self.assertEqual(target.bands[0].datatype(), 6)
        self.assertEqual(target.name, "/path/to/targetraster.tif")
        self.assertEqual(target.driver.name, "MEM")
        result = target.bands[0].data()
        if numpy:
            result = result.flatten().tolist()
        self.assertEqual(
            result,
            [
                0.0,
                1.0,
                2.0,
                3.0,
                4.0,
                5.0,
                6.0,
                7.0,
                8.0,
                9.0,
                10.0,
                11.0,
                12.0,
                13.0,
                14.0,
                15.0,
            ],
        )

    def test_raster_warp_nodata_zone(self):
        # Create in memory raster.
        source = GDALRaster(
            {
                "datatype": 1,
                "driver": "MEM",
                "width": 4,
                "height": 4,
                "srid": 3086,
                "origin": (500000, 400000),
                "scale": (100, -100),
                "skew": (0, 0),
                "bands": [
                    {
                        "data": range(16),
                        "nodata_value": 23,
                    }
                ],
            }
        )
        # Warp raster onto a location that does not cover any pixels of the original.
        result = source.warp({"origin": (200000, 200000)}).bands[0].data()
        if numpy:
            result = result.flatten().tolist()
        # The result is an empty raster filled with the correct nodata value.
        self.assertEqual(result, [23] * 16)

    def test_raster_clone(self):
        rstfile = NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".tif")
        tests = [
            ("MEM", "", 23),  # In memory raster.
            ("tif", rstfile.name, 99),  # In file based raster.
        ]
        for driver, name, nodata_value in tests:
            with self.subTest(driver=driver):
                source = GDALRaster(
                    {
                        "datatype": 1,
                        "driver": driver,
                        "name": name,
                        "width": 4,
                        "height": 4,
                        "srid": 3086,
                        "origin": (500000, 400000),
                        "scale": (100, -100),
                        "skew": (0, 0),
                        "bands": [
                            {
                                "data": range(16),
                                "nodata_value": nodata_value,
                            }
                        ],
                    }
                )
                clone = source.clone()
                self.assertNotEqual(clone.name, source.name)
                self.assertEqual(clone._write, source._write)
                self.assertEqual(clone.srs.srid, source.srs.srid)
                self.assertEqual(clone.width, source.width)
                self.assertEqual(clone.height, source.height)
                self.assertEqual(clone.origin, source.origin)
                self.assertEqual(clone.scale, source.scale)
                self.assertEqual(clone.skew, source.skew)
                self.assertIsNot(clone, source)

    def test_raster_transform(self):
        tests = [
            3086,
            "3086",
            SpatialReference(3086),
        ]
        for srs in tests:
            with self.subTest(srs=srs):
                # Prepare tempfile and nodata value.
                rstfile = NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".tif")
                ndv = 99
                # Create in file based raster.
                source = GDALRaster(
                    {
                        "datatype": 1,
                        "driver": "tif",
                        "name": rstfile.name,
                        "width": 5,
                        "height": 5,
                        "nr_of_bands": 1,
                        "srid": 4326,
                        "origin": (-5, 5),
                        "scale": (2, -2),
                        "skew": (0, 0),
                        "bands": [
                            {
                                "data": range(25),
                                "nodata_value": ndv,
                            }
                        ],
                    }
                )

                target = source.transform(srs)

                # Reload data from disk.
                target = GDALRaster(target.name)
                self.assertEqual(target.srs.srid, 3086)
                self.assertEqual(target.width, 7)
                self.assertEqual(target.height, 7)
                self.assertEqual(target.bands[0].datatype(), source.bands[0].datatype())
                self.assertAlmostEqual(target.origin[0], 9124842.791079799, 3)
                self.assertAlmostEqual(target.origin[1], 1589911.6476407414, 3)
                self.assertAlmostEqual(target.scale[0], 223824.82664250192, 3)
                self.assertAlmostEqual(target.scale[1], -223824.82664250192, 3)
                self.assertEqual(target.skew, [0, 0])

                result = target.bands[0].data()
                if numpy:
                    result = result.flatten().tolist()
                # The reprojection of a raster that spans over a large area
                # skews the data matrix and might introduce nodata values.
                self.assertEqual(
                    result,
                    [
                        ndv,
                        ndv,
                        ndv,
                        ndv,
                        4,
                        ndv,
                        ndv,
                        ndv,
                        ndv,
                        2,
                        3,
                        9,
                        ndv,
                        ndv,
                        ndv,
                        1,
                        2,
                        8,
                        13,
                        19,
                        ndv,
                        0,
                        6,
                        6,
                        12,
                        18,
                        18,
                        24,
                        ndv,
                        10,
                        11,
                        16,
                        22,
                        23,
                        ndv,
                        ndv,
                        ndv,
                        15,
                        21,
                        22,
                        ndv,
                        ndv,
                        ndv,
                        ndv,
                        20,
                        ndv,
                        ndv,
                        ndv,
                        ndv,
                    ],
                )

    def test_raster_transform_clone(self):
        with mock.patch.object(GDALRaster, "clone") as mocked_clone:
            # Create in file based raster.
            rstfile = NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".tif")
            source = GDALRaster(
                {
                    "datatype": 1,
                    "driver": "tif",
                    "name": rstfile.name,
                    "width": 5,
                    "height": 5,
                    "nr_of_bands": 1,
                    "srid": 4326,
                    "origin": (-5, 5),
                    "scale": (2, -2),
                    "skew": (0, 0),
                    "bands": [
                        {
                            "data": range(25),
                            "nodata_value": 99,
                        }
                    ],
                }
            )
            # transform() returns a clone because it is the same SRID and
            # driver.
            source.transform(4326)
            self.assertEqual(mocked_clone.call_count, 1)

    def test_raster_transform_clone_name(self):
        # Create in file based raster.
        rstfile = NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".tif")
        source = GDALRaster(
            {
                "datatype": 1,
                "driver": "tif",
                "name": rstfile.name,
                "width": 5,
                "height": 5,
                "nr_of_bands": 1,
                "srid": 4326,
                "origin": (-5, 5),
                "scale": (2, -2),
                "skew": (0, 0),
                "bands": [
                    {
                        "data": range(25),
                        "nodata_value": 99,
                    }
                ],
            }
        )
        clone_name = rstfile.name + "_respect_name.GTiff"
        target = source.transform(4326, name=clone_name)
        self.assertEqual(target.name, clone_name)


class GDALBandTests(SimpleTestCase):
    rs_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "../data/rasters/raster.tif")

    def test_band_data(self):
        rs = GDALRaster(self.rs_path)
        band = rs.bands[0]
        self.assertEqual(band.width, 163)
        self.assertEqual(band.height, 174)
        self.assertEqual(band.description, "")
        self.assertEqual(band.datatype(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(band.datatype(as_string=True), "GDT_Byte")
        self.assertEqual(band.color_interp(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(band.color_interp(as_string=True), "GCI_GrayIndex")
        self.assertEqual(band.nodata_value, 15)
        if numpy:
            data = band.data()
            assert_array = numpy.loadtxt(
                os.path.join(
                    os.path.dirname(__file__), "../data/rasters/raster.numpy.txt"
                )
            )
            numpy.testing.assert_equal(data, assert_array)
            self.assertEqual(data.shape, (band.height, band.width))

    def test_band_statistics(self):
        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_dir:
            rs_path = os.path.join(tmp_dir, "raster.tif")
            shutil.copyfile(self.rs_path, rs_path)
            rs = GDALRaster(rs_path)
            band = rs.bands[0]
            pam_file = rs_path + ".aux.xml"
            smin, smax, smean, sstd = band.statistics(approximate=True)
            self.assertEqual(smin, 0)
            self.assertEqual(smax, 9)
            self.assertAlmostEqual(smean, 2.842331288343558)
            self.assertAlmostEqual(sstd, 2.3965567248965356)

            smin, smax, smean, sstd = band.statistics(approximate=False, refresh=True)
            self.assertEqual(smin, 0)
            self.assertEqual(smax, 9)
            self.assertAlmostEqual(smean, 2.828326634228898)
            self.assertAlmostEqual(sstd, 2.4260526986669095)

            self.assertEqual(band.min, 0)
            self.assertEqual(band.max, 9)
            self.assertAlmostEqual(band.mean, 2.828326634228898)
            self.assertAlmostEqual(band.std, 2.4260526986669095)

            # Statistics are persisted into PAM file on band close
            rs = band = None
            self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(pam_file))

    def _remove_aux_file(self):
        pam_file = self.rs_path + ".aux.xml"
        if os.path.isfile(pam_file):
            os.remove(pam_file)

    def test_read_mode_error(self):
        # Open raster in read mode
        rs = GDALRaster(self.rs_path, write=False)
        band = rs.bands[0]
        self.addCleanup(self._remove_aux_file)

        # Setting attributes in write mode raises exception in the _flush method
        with self.assertRaises(GDALException):
            setattr(band, "nodata_value", 10)

    def test_band_data_setters(self):
        # Create in-memory raster and get band
        rsmem = GDALRaster(
            {
                "datatype": 1,
                "driver": "MEM",
                "name": "mem_rst",
                "width": 10,
                "height": 10,
                "nr_of_bands": 1,
                "srid": 4326,
            }
        )
        bandmem = rsmem.bands[0]

        # Set nodata value
        bandmem.nodata_value = 99
        self.assertEqual(bandmem.nodata_value, 99)

        # Set data for entire dataset
        bandmem.data(range(100))
        if numpy:
            numpy.testing.assert_equal(
                bandmem.data(), numpy.arange(100).reshape(10, 10)
            )
        else:
            self.assertEqual(bandmem.data(), list(range(100)))

        # Prepare data for setting values in subsequent tests
        block = list(range(100, 104))
        packed_block = struct.pack("<" + "B B B B", *block)

        # Set data from list
        bandmem.data(block, (1, 1), (2, 2))
        result = bandmem.data(offset=(1, 1), size=(2, 2))
        if numpy:
            numpy.testing.assert_equal(result, numpy.array(block).reshape(2, 2))
        else:
            self.assertEqual(result, block)

        # Set data from packed block
        bandmem.data(packed_block, (1, 1), (2, 2))
        result = bandmem.data(offset=(1, 1), size=(2, 2))
        if numpy:
            numpy.testing.assert_equal(result, numpy.array(block).reshape(2, 2))
        else:
            self.assertEqual(result, block)

        # Set data from bytes
        bandmem.data(bytes(packed_block), (1, 1), (2, 2))
        result = bandmem.data(offset=(1, 1), size=(2, 2))
        if numpy:
            numpy.testing.assert_equal(result, numpy.array(block).reshape(2, 2))
        else:
            self.assertEqual(result, block)

        # Set data from bytearray
        bandmem.data(bytearray(packed_block), (1, 1), (2, 2))
        result = bandmem.data(offset=(1, 1), size=(2, 2))
        if numpy:
            numpy.testing.assert_equal(result, numpy.array(block).reshape(2, 2))
        else:
            self.assertEqual(result, block)

        # Set data from memoryview
        bandmem.data(memoryview(packed_block), (1, 1), (2, 2))
        result = bandmem.data(offset=(1, 1), size=(2, 2))
        if numpy:
            numpy.testing.assert_equal(result, numpy.array(block).reshape(2, 2))
        else:
            self.assertEqual(result, block)

        # Set data from numpy array
        if numpy:
            bandmem.data(numpy.array(block, dtype="int8").reshape(2, 2), (1, 1), (2, 2))
            numpy.testing.assert_equal(
                bandmem.data(offset=(1, 1), size=(2, 2)),
                numpy.array(block).reshape(2, 2),
            )

        # Test json input data
        rsmemjson = GDALRaster(JSON_RASTER)
        bandmemjson = rsmemjson.bands[0]
        if numpy:
            numpy.testing.assert_equal(
                bandmemjson.data(), numpy.array(range(25)).reshape(5, 5)
            )
        else:
            self.assertEqual(bandmemjson.data(), list(range(25)))

    def test_band_statistics_automatic_refresh(self):
        rsmem = GDALRaster(
            {
                "srid": 4326,
                "width": 2,
                "height": 2,
                "bands": [{"data": [0] * 4, "nodata_value": 99}],
            }
        )
        band = rsmem.bands[0]
        # Populate statistics cache
        self.assertEqual(band.statistics(), (0, 0, 0, 0))
        # Change data
        band.data([1, 1, 0, 0])
        # Statistics are properly updated
        self.assertEqual(band.statistics(), (0.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5))
        # Change nodata_value
        band.nodata_value = 0
        # Statistics are properly updated
        self.assertEqual(band.statistics(), (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0))

    def test_band_statistics_empty_band(self):
        rsmem = GDALRaster(
            {
                "srid": 4326,
                "width": 1,
                "height": 1,
                "bands": [{"data": [0], "nodata_value": 0}],
            }
        )
        self.assertEqual(rsmem.bands[0].statistics(), (None, None, None, None))

    def test_band_delete_nodata(self):
        rsmem = GDALRaster(
            {
                "srid": 4326,
                "width": 1,
                "height": 1,
                "bands": [{"data": [0], "nodata_value": 1}],
            }
        )
        rsmem.bands[0].nodata_value = None
        self.assertIsNone(rsmem.bands[0].nodata_value)

    def test_band_data_replication(self):
        band = GDALRaster(
            {
                "srid": 4326,
                "width": 3,
                "height": 3,
                "bands": [{"data": range(10, 19), "nodata_value": 0}],
            }
        ).bands[0]

        # Variations for input (data, shape, expected result).
        combos = (
            ([1], (1, 1), [1] * 9),
            (range(3), (1, 3), [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2]),
            (range(3), (3, 1), [0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]),
        )
        for combo in combos:
            band.data(combo[0], shape=combo[1])
            if numpy:
                numpy.testing.assert_equal(
                    band.data(), numpy.array(combo[2]).reshape(3, 3)
                )
            else:
                self.assertEqual(band.data(), list(combo[2]))