import operator
from django.db import DatabaseError, NotSupportedError, connection
from django.db.models import (
Exists,
F,
IntegerField,
OuterRef,
Subquery,
Transform,
Value,
)
from django.db.models.functions import Mod
from django.test import TestCase, skipIfDBFeature, skipUnlessDBFeature
from django.test.utils import CaptureQueriesContext
from .models import Author, Celebrity, ExtraInfo, Number, ReservedName
@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_select_union")
class QuerySetSetOperationTests(TestCase):
@classmethod
def setUpTestData(cls):
Number.objects.bulk_create(Number(num=i, other_num=10 - i) for i in range(10))
def assertNumbersEqual(self, queryset, expected_numbers, ordered=True):
self.assertQuerySetEqual(
queryset, expected_numbers, operator.attrgetter("num"), ordered
)
def test_simple_union(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__lte=1)
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num__gte=8)
qs3 = Number.objects.filter(num=5)
self.assertNumbersEqual(qs1.union(qs2, qs3), [0, 1, 5, 8, 9], ordered=False)
@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_select_intersection")
def test_simple_intersection(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__lte=5)
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num__gte=5)
qs3 = Number.objects.filter(num__gte=4, num__lte=6)
self.assertNumbersEqual(qs1.intersection(qs2, qs3), [5], ordered=False)
@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_select_intersection")
def test_intersection_with_values(self):
ReservedName.objects.create(name="a", order=2)
qs1 = ReservedName.objects.all()
reserved_name = qs1.intersection(qs1).values("name", "order", "id").get()
self.assertEqual(reserved_name["name"], "a")
self.assertEqual(reserved_name["order"], 2)
reserved_name = qs1.intersection(qs1).values_list("name", "order", "id").get()
self.assertEqual(reserved_name[:2], ("a", 2))
@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_select_difference")
def test_simple_difference(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__lte=5)
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num__lte=4)
self.assertNumbersEqual(qs1.difference(qs2), [5], ordered=False)
def test_union_distinct(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.all()
qs2 = Number.objects.all()
self.assertEqual(len(list(qs1.union(qs2, all=True))), 20)
self.assertEqual(len(list(qs1.union(qs2))), 10)
def test_union_none(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__lte=1)
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num__gte=8)
qs3 = qs1.union(qs2)
self.assertSequenceEqual(qs3.none(), [])
self.assertNumbersEqual(qs3, [0, 1, 8, 9], ordered=False)
def test_union_none_slice(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__lte=0)
qs2 = Number.objects.none()
qs3 = qs1.union(qs2)
self.assertNumbersEqual(qs3[:1], [0])
def test_union_empty_filter_slice(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__lte=0)
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(pk__in=[])
qs3 = qs1.union(qs2)
self.assertNumbersEqual(qs3[:1], [0])
@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_slicing_ordering_in_compound")
def test_union_slice_compound_empty(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__lte=0)[:1]
qs2 = Number.objects.none()
qs3 = qs1.union(qs2)
self.assertNumbersEqual(qs3[:1], [0])
@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_slicing_ordering_in_compound")
def test_union_combined_slice_compound_empty(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__lte=2)[:3]
qs2 = Number.objects.none()
qs3 = qs1.union(qs2)
self.assertNumbersEqual(qs3.order_by("num")[2:3], [2])
def test_union_slice_index(self):
Celebrity.objects.create(name="Famous")
c1 = Celebrity.objects.create(name="Very famous")
qs1 = Celebrity.objects.filter(name="nonexistent")
qs2 = Celebrity.objects.all()
combined_qs = qs1.union(qs2).order_by("name")
self.assertEqual(combined_qs[1], c1)
def test_union_order_with_null_first_last(self):
Number.objects.filter(other_num=5).update(other_num=None)
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__lte=1)
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num__gte=2)
qs3 = qs1.union(qs2)
self.assertSequenceEqual(
qs3.order_by(
F("other_num").asc(nulls_first=True),
).values_list("other_num", flat=True),
[None, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10],
)
self.assertSequenceEqual(
qs3.order_by(
F("other_num").asc(nulls_last=True),
).values_list("other_num", flat=True),
[1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, None],
)
def test_union_nested(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.all()
qs2 = qs1.union(qs1)
self.assertNumbersEqual(
qs1.union(qs2),
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9],
ordered=False,
)
@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_select_intersection")
def test_intersection_with_empty_qs(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.all()
qs2 = Number.objects.none()
qs3 = Number.objects.filter(pk__in=[])
self.assertEqual(len(qs1.intersection(qs2)), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(qs1.intersection(qs3)), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(qs2.intersection(qs1)), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(qs3.intersection(qs1)), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(qs2.intersection(qs2)), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(qs3.intersection(qs3)), 0)
@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_select_difference")
def test_difference_with_empty_qs(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.all()
qs2 = Number.objects.none()
qs3 = Number.objects.filter(pk__in=[])
self.assertEqual(len(qs1.difference(qs2)), 10)
self.assertEqual(len(qs1.difference(qs3)), 10)
self.assertEqual(len(qs2.difference(qs1)), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(qs3.difference(qs1)), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(qs2.difference(qs2)), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(qs3.difference(qs3)), 0)
@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_select_difference")
def test_difference_with_values(self):
ReservedName.objects.create(name="a", order=2)
qs1 = ReservedName.objects.all()
qs2 = ReservedName.objects.none()
reserved_name = qs1.difference(qs2).values("name", "order", "id").get()
self.assertEqual(reserved_name["name"], "a")
self.assertEqual(reserved_name["order"], 2)
reserved_name = qs1.difference(qs2).values_list("name", "order", "id").get()
self.assertEqual(reserved_name[:2], ("a", 2))
def test_union_with_empty_qs(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.all()
qs2 = Number.objects.none()
qs3 = Number.objects.filter(pk__in=[])
self.assertEqual(len(qs1.union(qs2)), 10)
self.assertEqual(len(qs2.union(qs1)), 10)
self.assertEqual(len(qs1.union(qs3)), 10)
self.assertEqual(len(qs3.union(qs1)), 10)
self.assertEqual(len(qs2.union(qs1, qs1, qs1)), 10)
self.assertEqual(len(qs2.union(qs1, qs1, all=True)), 20)
self.assertEqual(len(qs2.union(qs2)), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(qs3.union(qs3)), 0)
def test_empty_qs_union_with_ordered_qs(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.order_by("num")
qs2 = Number.objects.none().union(qs1).order_by("num")
self.assertEqual(list(qs1), list(qs2))
def test_limits(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.all()
qs2 = Number.objects.all()
self.assertEqual(len(list(qs1.union(qs2)[:2])), 2)
def test_ordering(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__lte=1)
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num__gte=2, num__lte=3)
self.assertNumbersEqual(qs1.union(qs2).order_by("-num"), [3, 2, 1, 0])
def test_ordering_by_alias(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__lte=1).values(alias=F("num"))
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num__gte=2, num__lte=3).values(alias=F("num"))
self.assertQuerySetEqual(
qs1.union(qs2).order_by("-alias"),
[3, 2, 1, 0],
operator.itemgetter("alias"),
)
def test_ordering_by_f_expression(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__lte=1)
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num__gte=2, num__lte=3)
self.assertNumbersEqual(qs1.union(qs2).order_by(F("num").desc()), [3, 2, 1, 0])
def test_ordering_by_f_expression_and_alias(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__lte=1).values(alias=F("other_num"))
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num__gte=2, num__lte=3).values(alias=F("other_num"))
self.assertQuerySetEqual(
qs1.union(qs2).order_by(F("alias").desc()),
[10, 9, 8, 7],
operator.itemgetter("alias"),
)
Number.objects.create(num=-1)
self.assertQuerySetEqual(
qs1.union(qs2).order_by(F("alias").desc(nulls_last=True)),
[10, 9, 8, 7, None],
operator.itemgetter("alias"),
)
def test_union_with_values(self):
ReservedName.objects.create(name="a", order=2)
qs1 = ReservedName.objects.all()
reserved_name = qs1.union(qs1).values("name", "order", "id").get()
self.assertEqual(reserved_name["name"], "a")
self.assertEqual(reserved_name["order"], 2)
reserved_name = qs1.union(qs1).values_list("name", "order", "id").get()
self.assertEqual(reserved_name[:2], ("a", 2))
# List of columns can be changed.
reserved_name = qs1.union(qs1).values_list("order").get()
self.assertEqual(reserved_name, (2,))
def test_union_with_two_annotated_values_list(self):
qs1 = (
Number.objects.filter(num=1)
.annotate(
count=Value(0, IntegerField()),
)
.values_list("num", "count")
)
qs2 = (
Number.objects.filter(num=2)
.values("pk")
.annotate(
count=F("num"),
)
.annotate(
num=Value(1, IntegerField()),
)
.values_list("num", "count")
)
self.assertCountEqual(qs1.union(qs2), [(1, 0), (1, 2)])
def test_union_with_extra_and_values_list(self):
qs1 = (
Number.objects.filter(num=1)
.extra(
select={"count": 0},
)
.values_list("num", "count")
)
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num=2).extra(select={"count": 1})
self.assertCountEqual(qs1.union(qs2), [(1, 0), (2, 1)])
def test_union_with_values_list_on_annotated_and_unannotated(self):
ReservedName.objects.create(name="rn1", order=1)
qs1 = Number.objects.annotate(
has_reserved_name=Exists(ReservedName.objects.filter(order=OuterRef("num")))
).filter(has_reserved_name=True)
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num=9)
self.assertCountEqual(qs1.union(qs2).values_list("num", flat=True), [1, 9])
def test_union_with_values_list_and_order(self):
ReservedName.objects.bulk_create(
[
ReservedName(name="rn1", order=7),
ReservedName(name="rn2", order=5),
ReservedName(name="rn0", order=6),
ReservedName(name="rn9", order=-1),
]
)
qs1 = ReservedName.objects.filter(order__gte=6)
qs2 = ReservedName.objects.filter(order__lte=5)
union_qs = qs1.union(qs2)
for qs, expected_result in (
# Order by a single column.
(union_qs.order_by("-pk").values_list("order", flat=True), [-1, 6, 5, 7]),
(union_qs.order_by("pk").values_list("order", flat=True), [7, 5, 6, -1]),
(union_qs.values_list("order", flat=True).order_by("-pk"), [-1, 6, 5, 7]),
(union_qs.values_list("order", flat=True).order_by("pk"), [7, 5, 6, -1]),
# Order by multiple columns.
(
union_qs.order_by("-name", "pk").values_list("order", flat=True),
[-1, 5, 7, 6],
),
(
union_qs.values_list("order", flat=True).order_by("-name", "pk"),
[-1, 5, 7, 6],
),
):
with self.subTest(qs=qs):
self.assertEqual(list(qs), expected_result)
def test_union_with_values_list_and_order_on_annotation(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.annotate(
annotation=Value(-1),
multiplier=F("annotation"),
).filter(num__gte=6)
qs2 = Number.objects.annotate(
annotation=Value(2),
multiplier=F("annotation"),
).filter(num__lte=5)
self.assertSequenceEqual(
qs1.union(qs2).order_by("annotation", "num").values_list("num", flat=True),
[6, 7, 8, 9, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
)
self.assertQuerySetEqual(
qs1.union(qs2)
.order_by(
F("annotation") * F("multiplier"),
"num",
)
.values("num"),
[6, 7, 8, 9, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
operator.itemgetter("num"),
)
def test_order_by_annotation_transform(self):
class Mod2(Mod, Transform):
def __init__(self, expr):
super().__init__(expr, 2)
output_field = IntegerField()
output_field.register_lookup(Mod2, "mod2")
qs1 = Number.objects.annotate(
annotation=Value(1, output_field=output_field),
)
qs2 = Number.objects.annotate(
annotation=Value(2, output_field=output_field),
)
msg = "Ordering combined queries by transforms is not implemented."
with self.assertRaisesMessage(NotImplementedError, msg):
list(qs1.union(qs2).order_by("annotation__mod2"))
def test_union_with_select_related_and_order(self):
e1 = ExtraInfo.objects.create(value=7, info="e1")
a1 = Author.objects.create(name="a1", num=1, extra=e1)
a2 = Author.objects.create(name="a2", num=3, extra=e1)
Author.objects.create(name="a3", num=2, extra=e1)
base_qs = Author.objects.select_related("extra").order_by()
qs1 = base_qs.filter(name="a1")
qs2 = base_qs.filter(name="a2")
self.assertSequenceEqual(qs1.union(qs2).order_by("pk"), [a1, a2])
@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_slicing_ordering_in_compound")
def test_union_with_select_related_and_first(self):
e1 = ExtraInfo.objects.create(value=7, info="e1")
a1 = Author.objects.create(name="a1", num=1, extra=e1)
Author.objects.create(name="a2", num=3, extra=e1)
base_qs = Author.objects.select_related("extra").order_by()
qs1 = base_qs.filter(name="a1")
qs2 = base_qs.filter(name="a2")
self.assertEqual(qs1.union(qs2).order_by("name").first(), a1)
def test_union_with_first(self):
e1 = ExtraInfo.objects.create(value=7, info="e1")
a1 = Author.objects.create(name="a1", num=1, extra=e1)
base_qs = Author.objects.order_by()
qs1 = base_qs.filter(name="a1")
qs2 = base_qs.filter(name="a2")
self.assertEqual(qs1.union(qs2).first(), a1)
def test_union_multiple_models_with_values_list_and_order(self):
reserved_name = ReservedName.objects.create(name="rn1", order=0)
qs1 = Celebrity.objects.all()
qs2 = ReservedName.objects.all()
self.assertSequenceEqual(
qs1.union(qs2).order_by("name").values_list("pk", flat=True),
[reserved_name.pk],
)
def test_union_multiple_models_with_values_list_and_order_by_extra_select(self):
reserved_name = ReservedName.objects.create(name="rn1", order=0)
qs1 = Celebrity.objects.extra(select={"extra_name": "name"})
qs2 = ReservedName.objects.extra(select={"extra_name": "name"})
self.assertSequenceEqual(
qs1.union(qs2).order_by("extra_name").values_list("pk", flat=True),
[reserved_name.pk],
)
def test_union_multiple_models_with_values_list_and_annotations(self):
ReservedName.objects.create(name="rn1", order=10)
Celebrity.objects.create(name="c1")
qs1 = ReservedName.objects.annotate(row_type=Value("rn")).values_list(
"name", "order", "row_type"
)
qs2 = Celebrity.objects.annotate(
row_type=Value("cb"), order=Value(-10)
).values_list("name", "order", "row_type")
self.assertSequenceEqual(
qs1.union(qs2).order_by("order"),
[("c1", -10, "cb"), ("rn1", 10, "rn")],
)
def test_union_in_subquery(self):
ReservedName.objects.bulk_create(
[
ReservedName(name="rn1", order=8),
ReservedName(name="rn2", order=1),
ReservedName(name="rn3", order=5),
]
)
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__gt=7, num=OuterRef("order"))
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num__lt=2, num=OuterRef("order"))
self.assertCountEqual(
ReservedName.objects.annotate(
number=Subquery(qs1.union(qs2).values("num")),
)
.filter(number__isnull=False)
.values_list("order", flat=True),
[8, 1],
)
def test_union_in_subquery_related_outerref(self):
e1 = ExtraInfo.objects.create(value=7, info="e3")
e2 = ExtraInfo.objects.create(value=5, info="e2")
e3 = ExtraInfo.objects.create(value=1, info="e1")
Author.objects.bulk_create(
[
Author(name="a1", num=1, extra=e1),
Author(name="a2", num=3, extra=e2),
Author(name="a3", num=2, extra=e3),
]
)
qs1 = ExtraInfo.objects.order_by().filter(value=OuterRef("num"))
qs2 = ExtraInfo.objects.order_by().filter(value__lt=OuterRef("extra__value"))
qs = (
Author.objects.annotate(
info=Subquery(qs1.union(qs2).values("info")[:1]),
)
.filter(info__isnull=False)
.values_list("name", flat=True)
)
self.assertCountEqual(qs, ["a1", "a2"])
# Combined queries don't mutate.
self.assertCountEqual(qs, ["a1", "a2"])
@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_slicing_ordering_in_compound")
def test_union_in_with_ordering(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__gt=7).order_by("num")
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num__lt=2).order_by("num")
self.assertNumbersEqual(
Number.objects.exclude(id__in=qs1.union(qs2).values("id")),
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
ordered=False,
)
@skipUnlessDBFeature(
"supports_slicing_ordering_in_compound", "allow_sliced_subqueries_with_in"
)
def test_union_in_with_ordering_and_slice(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__gt=7).order_by("num")[:1]
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num__lt=2).order_by("-num")[:1]
self.assertNumbersEqual(
Number.objects.exclude(id__in=qs1.union(qs2).values("id")),
[0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9],
ordered=False,
)
def test_count_union(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__lte=1).values("num")
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num__gte=2, num__lte=3).values("num")
self.assertEqual(qs1.union(qs2).count(), 4)
def test_count_union_empty_result(self):
qs = Number.objects.filter(pk__in=[])
self.assertEqual(qs.union(qs).count(), 0)
def test_count_union_with_select_related(self):
e1 = ExtraInfo.objects.create(value=1, info="e1")
Author.objects.create(name="a1", num=1, extra=e1)
qs = Author.objects.select_related("extra").order_by()
self.assertEqual(qs.union(qs).count(), 1)
@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_select_difference")
def test_count_difference(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__lt=10)
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num__lt=9)
self.assertEqual(qs1.difference(qs2).count(), 1)
@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_select_intersection")
def test_count_intersection(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__gte=5)
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num__lte=5)
self.assertEqual(qs1.intersection(qs2).count(), 1)
def test_exists_union(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__gte=5)
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num__lte=5)
with CaptureQueriesContext(connection) as context:
self.assertIs(qs1.union(qs2).exists(), True)
captured_queries = context.captured_queries
self.assertEqual(len(captured_queries), 1)
captured_sql = captured_queries[0]["sql"]
self.assertNotIn(
connection.ops.quote_name(Number._meta.pk.column),
captured_sql,
)
self.assertEqual(
captured_sql.count(connection.ops.limit_offset_sql(None, 1)), 1
)
def test_exists_union_empty_result(self):
qs = Number.objects.filter(pk__in=[])
self.assertIs(qs.union(qs).exists(), False)
@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_select_intersection")
def test_exists_intersection(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__gt=5)
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num__lt=5)
self.assertIs(qs1.intersection(qs1).exists(), True)
self.assertIs(qs1.intersection(qs2).exists(), False)
@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_select_difference")
def test_exists_difference(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num__gte=5)
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num__gte=3)
self.assertIs(qs1.difference(qs2).exists(), False)
self.assertIs(qs2.difference(qs1).exists(), True)
def test_get_union(self):
qs = Number.objects.filter(num=2)
self.assertEqual(qs.union(qs).get().num, 2)
@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_select_difference")
def test_get_difference(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.all()
qs2 = Number.objects.exclude(num=2)
self.assertEqual(qs1.difference(qs2).get().num, 2)
@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_select_intersection")
def test_get_intersection(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.all()
qs2 = Number.objects.filter(num=2)
self.assertEqual(qs1.intersection(qs2).get().num, 2)
@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_slicing_ordering_in_compound")
def test_ordering_subqueries(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.order_by("num")[:2]
qs2 = Number.objects.order_by("-num")[:2]
self.assertNumbersEqual(qs1.union(qs2).order_by("-num")[:4], [9, 8, 1, 0])
@skipIfDBFeature("supports_slicing_ordering_in_compound")
def test_unsupported_ordering_slicing_raises_db_error(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.all()
qs2 = Number.objects.all()
qs3 = Number.objects.all()
msg = "LIMIT/OFFSET not allowed in subqueries of compound statements"
with self.assertRaisesMessage(DatabaseError, msg):
list(qs1.union(qs2[:10]))
msg = "ORDER BY not allowed in subqueries of compound statements"
with self.assertRaisesMessage(DatabaseError, msg):
list(qs1.order_by("id").union(qs2))
with self.assertRaisesMessage(DatabaseError, msg):
list(qs1.union(qs2).order_by("id").union(qs3))
@skipIfDBFeature("supports_select_intersection")
def test_unsupported_intersection_raises_db_error(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.all()
qs2 = Number.objects.all()
msg = "intersection is not supported on this database backend"
with self.assertRaisesMessage(NotSupportedError, msg):
list(qs1.intersection(qs2))
def test_combining_multiple_models(self):
ReservedName.objects.create(name="99 little bugs", order=99)
qs1 = Number.objects.filter(num=1).values_list("num", flat=True)
qs2 = ReservedName.objects.values_list("order")
self.assertEqual(list(qs1.union(qs2).order_by("num")), [1, 99])
def test_order_raises_on_non_selected_column(self):
qs1 = (
Number.objects.filter()
.annotate(
annotation=Value(1, IntegerField()),
)
.values("annotation", num2=F("num"))
)
qs2 = Number.objects.filter().values("id", "num")
# Should not raise
list(qs1.union(qs2).order_by("annotation"))
list(qs1.union(qs2).order_by("num2"))
msg = "ORDER BY term does not match any column in the result set"
# 'id' is not part of the select
with self.assertRaisesMessage(DatabaseError, msg):
list(qs1.union(qs2).order_by("id"))
# 'num' got realiased to num2
with self.assertRaisesMessage(DatabaseError, msg):
list(qs1.union(qs2).order_by("num"))
with self.assertRaisesMessage(DatabaseError, msg):
list(qs1.union(qs2).order_by(F("num")))
with self.assertRaisesMessage(DatabaseError, msg):
list(qs1.union(qs2).order_by(F("num").desc()))
# switched order, now 'exists' again:
list(qs2.union(qs1).order_by("num"))
@skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_select_difference", "supports_select_intersection")
def test_qs_with_subcompound_qs(self):
qs1 = Number.objects.all()
qs2 = Number.objects.intersection(Number.objects.filter(num__gt=1))
self.assertEqual(qs1.difference(qs2).count(), 2)
def test_order_by_same_type(self):
qs = Number.objects.all()
union = qs.union(qs)
numbers = list(range(10))
self.assertNumbersEqual(union.order_by("num"), numbers)
self.assertNumbersEqual(union.order_by("other_num"), reversed(numbers))
def test_unsupported_operations_on_combined_qs(self):
qs = Number.objects.all()
msg = "Calling QuerySet.%s() after %s() is not supported."
combinators = ["union"]
if connection.features.supports_select_difference:
combinators.append("difference")
if connection.features.supports_select_intersection:
combinators.append("intersection")
for combinator in combinators:
for operation in (
"alias",
"annotate",
"defer",
"delete",
"distinct",
"exclude",
"extra",
"filter",
"only",
"prefetch_related",
"select_related",
"update",
):
with self.subTest(combinator=combinator, operation=operation):
with self.assertRaisesMessage(
NotSupportedError,
msg % (operation, combinator),
):
getattr(getattr(qs, combinator)(qs), operation)()
with self.assertRaisesMessage(
NotSupportedError,
msg % ("contains", combinator),
):
obj = Number.objects.first()
getattr(qs, combinator)(qs).contains(obj)
def test_get_with_filters_unsupported_on_combined_qs(self):
qs = Number.objects.all()
msg = "Calling QuerySet.get(...) with filters after %s() is not supported."
combinators = ["union"]
if connection.features.supports_select_difference:
combinators.append("difference")
if connection.features.supports_select_intersection:
combinators.append("intersection")
for combinator in combinators:
with self.subTest(combinator=combinator):
with self.assertRaisesMessage(NotSupportedError, msg % combinator):
getattr(qs, combinator)(qs).get(num=2)
def test_operator_on_combined_qs_error(self):
qs = Number.objects.all()
msg = "Cannot use %s operator with combined queryset."
combinators = ["union"]
if connection.features.supports_select_difference:
combinators.append("difference")
if connection.features.supports_select_intersection:
combinators.append("intersection")
operators = [
("|", operator.or_),
("&", operator.and_),
("^", operator.xor),
]
for combinator in combinators:
combined_qs = getattr(qs, combinator)(qs)
for operator_, operator_func in operators:
with self.subTest(combinator=combinator):
with self.assertRaisesMessage(TypeError, msg % operator_):
operator_func(qs, combined_qs)
with self.assertRaisesMessage(TypeError, msg % operator_):
operator_func(combined_qs, qs)