===================== How to install Django ===================== This document will get you up and running with Django. Install Python ============== Being a Python Web framework, Django requires Python. It works with Python 2.7 or 3.3+. Get the latest version of Python at https://www.python.org/download/ or with your operating system's package manager. .. admonition:: Django on Jython If you use Jython_ (a Python implementation for the Java platform), you'll need to follow a few additional steps. See :doc:`/howto/jython` for details. .. _jython: http://jython.org/ .. admonition:: Python on Windows If you are just starting with Django and using Windows, you may find :doc:`/howto/windows` useful. Install Apache and mod_wsgi ============================= If you just want to experiment with Django, skip ahead to the next section; Django includes a lightweight web server you can use for testing, so you won't need to set up Apache until you're ready to deploy Django in production. If you want to use Django on a production site, use `Apache`_ with `mod_wsgi`_. mod_wsgi can operate in one of two modes: an embedded mode and a daemon mode. In embedded mode, mod_wsgi is similar to mod_perl -- it embeds Python within Apache and loads Python code into memory when the server starts. Code stays in memory throughout the life of an Apache process, which leads to significant performance gains over other server arrangements. In daemon mode, mod_wsgi spawns an independent daemon process that handles requests. The daemon process can run as a different user than the Web server, possibly leading to improved security, and the daemon process can be restarted without restarting the entire Apache Web server, possibly making refreshing your codebase more seamless. Consult the mod_wsgi documentation to determine which mode is right for your setup. Make sure you have Apache installed, with the mod_wsgi module activated. Django will work with any version of Apache that supports mod_wsgi. See :doc:`How to use Django with mod_wsgi ` for information on how to configure mod_wsgi once you have it installed. If you can't use mod_wsgi for some reason, fear not: Django supports many other deployment options. One is :doc:`uWSGI `; it works very well with `nginx`_. Additionally, Django follows the WSGI spec (:pep:`3333`), which allows it to run on a variety of server platforms. .. _Apache: http://httpd.apache.org/ .. _nginx: http://nginx.org/ .. _mod_wsgi: http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/ .. _database-installation: Get your database running ========================= If you plan to use Django's database API functionality, you'll need to make sure a database server is running. Django supports many different database servers and is officially supported with PostgreSQL_, MySQL_, Oracle_ and SQLite_. If you are developing a simple project or something you don't plan to deploy in a production environment, SQLite is generally the simplest option as it doesn't require running a separate server. However, SQLite has many differences from other databases, so if you are working on something substantial, it's recommended to develop with the same database as you plan on using in production. In addition to the officially supported databases, there are :ref:`backends provided by 3rd parties ` that allow you to use other databases with Django. In addition to a database backend, you'll need to make sure your Python database bindings are installed. * If you're using PostgreSQL, you'll need the `postgresql_psycopg2`_ package. You might want to refer to our :ref:`PostgreSQL notes ` for further technical details specific to this database. If you're on Windows, check out the unofficial `compiled Windows version`_. * If you're using MySQL, you'll need the ``MySQL-python`` package, version 1.2.1p2 or higher. You will also want to read the database-specific :ref:`notes for the MySQL backend `. * If you're using SQLite you might want to read the :ref:`SQLite backend notes `. * If you're using Oracle, you'll need a copy of cx_Oracle_, but please read the database-specific :ref:`notes for the Oracle backend ` for important information regarding supported versions of both Oracle and ``cx_Oracle``. * If you're using an unofficial 3rd party backend, please consult the documentation provided for any additional requirements. If you plan to use Django's ``manage.py migrate`` command to automatically create database tables for your models (after first installing Django and creating a project), you'll need to ensure that Django has permission to create and alter tables in the database you're using; if you plan to manually create the tables, you can simply grant Django ``SELECT``, ``INSERT``, ``UPDATE`` and ``DELETE`` permissions. After creating a database user with these permissions, you'll specify the details in your project's settings file, see :setting:`DATABASES` for details. If you're using Django's :doc:`testing framework` to test database queries, Django will need permission to create a test database. .. _PostgreSQL: http://www.postgresql.org/ .. _MySQL: http://www.mysql.com/ .. _postgresql_psycopg2: http://initd.org/psycopg/ .. _compiled Windows version: http://stickpeople.com/projects/python/win-psycopg/ .. _SQLite: http://www.sqlite.org/ .. _pysqlite: http://trac.edgewall.org/wiki/PySqlite .. _cx_Oracle: http://cx-oracle.sourceforge.net/ .. _Oracle: http://www.oracle.com/ .. _Sybase SQL Anywhere: http://code.google.com/p/sqlany-django/ .. _IBM DB2: http://code.google.com/p/ibm-db/ .. _Microsoft SQL Server 2005: https://bitbucket.org/Manfre/django-mssql/ .. _Firebird: http://code.google.com/p/django-firebird/ .. _ODBC: http://code.google.com/p/django-pyodbc/ .. _removing-old-versions-of-django: Remove any old versions of Django ================================= If you are upgrading your installation of Django from a previous version, you will need to uninstall the old Django version before installing the new version. If you installed Django using pip_ or ``easy_install`` previously, installing with pip_ or ``easy_install`` again will automatically take care of the old version, so you don't need to do it yourself. If you previously installed Django using ``python setup.py install``, uninstalling is as simple as deleting the ``django`` directory from your Python ``site-packages``. To find the directory you need to remove, you can run the following at your shell prompt (not the interactive Python prompt): .. code-block:: bash python -c "import sys; sys.path = sys.path[1:]; import django; print(django.__path__)" .. _install-django-code: Install the Django code ======================= Installation instructions are slightly different depending on whether you're installing a distribution-specific package, downloading the latest official release, or fetching the latest development version. It's easy, no matter which way you choose. Installing a distribution-specific package ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Check the :doc:`distribution specific notes ` to see if your platform/distribution provides official Django packages/installers. Distribution-provided packages will typically allow for automatic installation of dependencies and easy upgrade paths. .. _installing-official-release: Installing an official release with ``pip`` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This is the recommended way to install Django. 1. Install pip_. The easiest is to use the `standalone pip installer`_. If your distribution already has ``pip`` installed, you might need to update it if it's outdated. (If it's outdated, you'll know because installation won't work.) 2. (optional) Take a look at virtualenv_ and virtualenvwrapper_. These tools provide isolated Python environments, which are more practical than installing packages systemwide. They also allow installing packages without administrator privileges. It's up to you to decide if you want to learn and use them. 3. If you're using Linux, Mac OS X or some other flavor of Unix, enter the command ``sudo pip install Django`` at the shell prompt. If you're using Windows, start a command shell with administrator privileges and run the command ``pip install Django``. This will install Django in your Python installation's ``site-packages`` directory. If you're using a virtualenv, you don't need ``sudo`` or administrator privileges, and this will install Django in the virtualenv's ``site-packages`` directory. .. _pip: http://www.pip-installer.org/ .. _virtualenv: http://www.virtualenv.org/ .. _virtualenvwrapper: http://virtualenvwrapper.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ .. _standalone pip installer: http://www.pip-installer.org/en/latest/installing.html#install-pip Installing an official release manually ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1. Download the latest release from our `download page`_. 2. Untar the downloaded file (e.g. ``tar xzvf Django-X.Y.tar.gz``, where ``X.Y`` is the version number of the latest release). If you're using Windows, you can download the command-line tool bsdtar_ to do this, or you can use a GUI-based tool such as 7-zip_. 3. Change into the directory created in step 2 (e.g. ``cd Django-X.Y``). 4. If you're using Linux, Mac OS X or some other flavor of Unix, enter the command ``sudo python setup.py install`` at the shell prompt. If you're using Windows, start a command shell with administrator privileges and run the command ``python setup.py install``. This will install Django in your Python installation's ``site-packages`` directory. .. admonition:: Removing an old version If you use this installation technique, it is particularly important that you :ref:`remove any existing installations` of Django first. Otherwise, you can end up with a broken installation that includes files from previous versions that have since been removed from Django. .. _download page: https://www.djangoproject.com/download/ .. _bsdtar: http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/bsdtar.htm .. _7-zip: http://www.7-zip.org/ .. _installing-development-version: Installing the development version ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. admonition:: Tracking Django development If you decide to use the latest development version of Django, you'll want to pay close attention to `the development timeline`_, and you'll want to keep an eye on the :ref:`release notes for the upcoming release `. This will help you stay on top of any new features you might want to use, as well as any changes you'll need to make to your code when updating your copy of Django. (For stable releases, any necessary changes are documented in the release notes.) .. _the development timeline: https://code.djangoproject.com/timeline If you'd like to be able to update your Django code occasionally with the latest bug fixes and improvements, follow these instructions: 1. Make sure that you have Git_ installed and that you can run its commands from a shell. (Enter ``git help`` at a shell prompt to test this.) 2. Check out Django's main development branch (the 'trunk' or 'master') like so: .. code-block:: bash git clone git://github.com/django/django.git django-trunk This will create a directory ``django-trunk`` in your current directory. 3. Make sure that the Python interpreter can load Django's code. The most convenient way to do this is via pip_. Run the following command: .. code-block:: bash sudo pip install -e django-trunk/ (If using a virtualenv_ you can omit ``sudo``.) This will make Django's code importable, and will also make the ``django-admin`` utility command available. In other words, you're all set! If you don't have pip_ available, see the alternative instructions for `installing the development version without pip`_. .. warning:: Don't run ``sudo python setup.py install``, because you've already carried out the equivalent actions in step 3. When you want to update your copy of the Django source code, just run the command ``git pull`` from within the ``django-trunk`` directory. When you do this, Git will automatically download any changes. .. _Git: http://git-scm.com/ .. _`modify Python's search path`: https://docs.python.org/install/index.html#modifying-python-s-search-path .. _installing-the-development-version-without-pip: Installing the development version without pip ---------------------------------------------- If you don't have pip_, you can instead manually `modify Python's search path`_. First follow steps 1 and 2 above, so that you have a ``django-trunk`` directory with a checkout of Django's latest code in it. Then add a ``.pth`` file containing the full path to the ``django-trunk`` directory to your system's ``site-packages`` directory. For example, on a Unix-like system: .. code-block:: bash echo WORKING-DIR/django-trunk > SITE-PACKAGES-DIR/django.pth In the above line, change ``WORKING-DIR/django-trunk`` to match the full path to your new ``django-trunk`` directory, and change ``SITE-PACKAGES-DIR`` to match the location of your system's ``site-packages`` directory. The location of the ``site-packages`` directory depends on the operating system, and the location in which Python was installed. To find your system's ``site-packages`` location, execute the following: .. code-block:: bash python -c "from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib; print(get_python_lib())" (Note that this should be run from a shell prompt, not a Python interactive prompt.) Some Debian-based Linux distributions have separate ``site-packages`` directories for user-installed packages, such as when installing Django from a downloaded tarball. The command listed above will give you the system's ``site-packages``, the user's directory can be found in ``/usr/local/lib/`` instead of ``/usr/lib/``. Next you need to make the ``django-admin.py`` utility available in your shell PATH. On Unix-like systems, create a symbolic link to the file ``django-trunk/django/bin/django-admin`` in a directory on your system path, such as ``/usr/local/bin``. For example: .. code-block:: bash ln -s WORKING-DIR/django-trunk/django/bin/django-admin.py /usr/local/bin/ (In the above line, change WORKING-DIR to match the full path to your new ``django-trunk`` directory.) This simply lets you type ``django-admin.py`` from within any directory, rather than having to qualify the command with the full path to the file. On Windows systems, the same result can be achieved by copying the file ``django-trunk/django/bin/django-admin.py`` to somewhere on your system path, for example ``C:\Python27\Scripts``. Note that the rest of the documentation assumes this utility is installed as ``django-admin``. You'll have to substitute ``django-admin.py`` if you use this method.