Fixed #34533 -- OuterRef not resolved as part of ORDER BY clause

django/db/models/sql/query.py

@@ -2779,3 +2779,31 @@ class JoinPromoter:
         query.promote_joins(to_promote)
         query.demote_joins(to_demote)
         return to_demote
+
+
+def resolve_order_by_expressions(self, order_by_expressions):
+    """
+    Resolve expressions in the order_by clause containing OuterRef by cloning
+    and resolving them. Other expressions are appended as is.
+    """
+    resolved_expressions = []
+    for expr in order_by_expressions:
+        if (
+            hasattr(expr, "contains_outer_reference")
+            and expr.contains_outer_reference()
+        ):
+            clone = expr.clone()
+            clone.outer_query = self.outer_query
+            resolved_expressions.append(clone.resolve_expression(self))
+        else:
+            resolved_expressions.append(expr)
+    return resolved_expressions
+
+
+def get_compiler(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Override get_compiler to resolve order_by expressions containing OuterRef.
+    """
+    if self.order_by:
+        self.order_by = self.resolve_order_by_expressions(self.order_by)
+    return super().get_compiler(*args, **kwargs)

tests/expressions/models.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class RemoteEmployee(Employee):
 class Company(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
     num_employees = models.PositiveIntegerField()
-    num_chairs = models.PositiveIntegerField()
+    num_chairs = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0)
     ceo = models.ForeignKey(
         Employee,
         models.CASCADE,

tests/expressions/tests.py

@@ -2849,3 +2849,36 @@ class OrderByTests(SimpleTestCase):
             F("field").asc(nulls_first=False)
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             F("field").desc(nulls_last=False)
+
+
+class OuterRefOrderByTestCase(TestCase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.ceo = Employee.objects.create(
+            firstname="John", lastname="Doe", salary=100000
+        )
+        cls.gmbh = Company.objects.create(
+            name="GmbH",
+            num_employees=50,
+            ceo=cls.ceo,
+            point_of_contact=cls.ceo,
+            based_in_eu=True,
+        )
+        cls.foobar_ltd = Company.objects.create(
+            name="Foobar Ltd",
+            num_employees=100,
+            ceo=cls.ceo,
+            point_of_contact=cls.ceo,
+            based_in_eu=False,
+        )
+
+    def test_order_by_with_outerref(self):
+        inner = Company.objects.filter(
+            num_employees__lt=OuterRef("num_employees")
+        ).order_by("num_employees")
+
+        qs = Company.objects.annotate(next_bigger=Subquery(inner.values("pk")[:1]))
+        foobar_ltd = qs.get(pk=self.foobar_ltd.pk)
+
+        self.assertIsNotNone(foobar_ltd.next_bigger)
+        self.assertEqual(foobar_ltd.next_bigger, self.gmbh.pk)