diff --git a/django/middleware/cache.py b/django/middleware/cache.py
index 8af0c9db7c..6b320f1db5 100644
--- a/django/middleware/cache.py
+++ b/django/middleware/cache.py
@@ -85,6 +85,10 @@ class UpdateCacheMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
         if not request.COOKIES and response.cookies and has_vary_header(response, 'Cookie'):
             return response
 
+        # Don't cache a response with 'Cache-Control: private'
+        if 'private' in response.get('Cache-Control', ()):
+            return response
+
         # Try to get the timeout from the "max-age" section of the "Cache-
         # Control" header before reverting to using the default cache_timeout
         # length.
diff --git a/tests/cache/tests.py b/tests/cache/tests.py
index 79c49edd7e..86f5bdce38 100644
--- a/tests/cache/tests.py
+++ b/tests/cache/tests.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ from django.utils import timezone, translation
 from django.utils.cache import (
     get_cache_key, learn_cache_key, patch_cache_control, patch_vary_headers,
 )
-from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page
+from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_control, cache_page
 
 from .models import Poll, expensive_calculation
 
@@ -2163,6 +2163,15 @@ class CacheMiddlewareTest(SimpleTestCase):
         response = other_with_prefix_view(request, '16')
         self.assertEqual(response.content, b'Hello World 16')
 
+    def test_cached_control_private_not_cached(self):
+        """Responses with 'Cache-Control: private' are not cached."""
+        view_with_private_cache = cache_page(3)(cache_control(private=True)(hello_world_view))
+        request = self.factory.get('/view/')
+        response = view_with_private_cache(request, '1')
+        self.assertEqual(response.content, b'Hello World 1')
+        response = view_with_private_cache(request, '2')
+        self.assertEqual(response.content, b'Hello World 2')
+
     def test_sensitive_cookie_not_cached(self):
         """
         Django must prevent caching of responses that set a user-specific (and