Fixed #25550 -- Deprecated direct assignment to the reverse side of a related set.

django/core/serializers/base.py

@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ class DeserializedObject(object):
         models.Model.save_base(self.object, using=using, raw=True, **kwargs)
         if self.m2m_data and save_m2m:
             for accessor_name, object_list in self.m2m_data.items():
-                setattr(self.object, accessor_name, object_list)
+                getattr(self.object, accessor_name).set(object_list)
 
         # prevent a second (possibly accidental) call to save() from saving
         # the m2m data twice.

django/db/models/fields/related.py

@@ -1600,7 +1600,7 @@ class ManyToManyField(RelatedField):
         return getattr(obj, self.attname).all()
 
     def save_form_data(self, instance, data):
-        setattr(instance, self.attname, data)
+        getattr(instance, self.attname).set(data)
 
     def formfield(self, **kwargs):
         db = kwargs.pop('using', None)

django/db/models/fields/related_descriptors.py

@@ -62,11 +62,13 @@ and two directions (forward and reverse) for a total of six combinations.
 
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
+import warnings
 from operator import attrgetter
 
 from django.db import connections, router, transaction
 from django.db.models import Q, signals
 from django.db.models.query import QuerySet
+from django.utils.deprecation import RemovedInDjango20Warning
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 
 
@@ -477,6 +479,11 @@ class ReverseManyToOneDescriptor(object):
         - ``instance`` is the ``parent`` instance
         - ``value`` in the ``children`` sequence on the right of the equal sign
         """
+        warnings.warn(
+            'Direct assignment to the reverse side of a related set is '
+            'deprecated due to the implicit save() that happens. Use %s.set() '
+            'instead.' % self.rel.get_accessor_name(), RemovedInDjango20Warning, stacklevel=2,
+        )
         manager = self.__get__(instance)
         manager.set(value)
 

docs/internals/deprecation.txt

@@ -109,6 +109,9 @@ details on these changes.
 
 * The ``makemigrations --exit`` option will be removed.
 
+* Support for direct assignment to a reverse foreign key or many-to-many
+  relation will be removed.
+
 .. _deprecation-removed-in-1.10:
 
 1.10

docs/ref/contrib/auth.txt

@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ Fields
 
         Many-to-many field to :class:`~django.contrib.auth.models.Permission`::
 
-            group.permissions = [permission_list]
+            group.permissions.set([permission_list])
             group.permissions.add(permission, permission, ...)
             group.permissions.remove(permission, permission, ...)
             group.permissions.clear()

docs/ref/models/relations.txt

@@ -179,8 +179,6 @@ Related objects reference
        <intermediary-manytomany>` for a many-to-many relationship, some of the
        related manager's methods are disabled.
 
-.. _direct-assignment:
-
 Direct Assignment
 -----------------
 
@@ -200,3 +198,12 @@ added to the existing related object set.
     In earlier versions, direct assignment used to perform ``clear()`` followed
     by ``add()``. It now performs a ``set()`` with the keyword argument
     ``clear=False``.
+
+.. deprecated:: 1.10
+
+    Direct assignment is deprecated in favor of the
+    :meth:`~django.db.models.fields.related.RelatedManager.set` method::
+
+        >>> e.related_set.set([obj1, obj2, obj3])
+
+    This prevents confusion about an assignment resulting in an implicit save.

docs/releases/1.10.txt

@@ -269,6 +269,21 @@ Miscellaneous
 Features deprecated in 1.10
 ===========================
 
+Direct assignment to a reverse foreign key or many-to-many relation
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Instead of assigning related objects using direct assignment::
+
+    >>> new_list = [obj1, obj2, obj3]
+    >>> e.related_set = new_list
+
+Use the :meth:`~django.db.models.fields.related.RelatedManager.set` method
+added in Django 1.9::
+
+        >>> e.related_set.set([obj1, obj2, obj3])
+
+This prevents confusion about an assignment resulting in an implicit save.
+
 Miscellaneous
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 

docs/releases/1.8.txt

@@ -673,13 +673,12 @@ Related object operations are run in a transaction
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Some operations on related objects such as
-:meth:`~django.db.models.fields.related.RelatedManager.add()` or
+:meth:`~django.db.models.fields.related.RelatedManager.add()` or direct
-:ref:`direct assignment<direct-assignment>` ran multiple data modifying
+assignment ran multiple data modifying queries without wrapping them in
-queries without wrapping them in transactions. To reduce the risk of data
+transactions. To reduce the risk of data corruption, all data modifying methods
-corruption, all data modifying methods that affect multiple related objects
+that affect multiple related objects (i.e. ``add()``, ``remove()``,
-(i.e. ``add()``, ``remove()``, ``clear()``, and :ref:`direct assignment
+``clear()``, and direct assignment) now perform their data modifying queries
-<direct-assignment>`) now perform their data modifying queries from within a
+from within a transaction, provided your database supports transactions.
-transaction, provided your database supports transactions.
 
 This has one backwards incompatible side effect, signal handlers triggered from
 these methods are now executed within the method's transaction and any

docs/releases/1.9.txt

@@ -747,11 +747,10 @@ setuptools is not installed.
 Related set direct assignment
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-:ref:`Direct assignment <direct-assignment>` of related objects in the ORM used
+Direct assignment of related objects in the ORM used to perform a ``clear()``
-to perform a ``clear()`` followed by a call to ``add()``. This caused
+followed by a call to ``add()``. This caused needlessly large data changes and
-needlessly large data changes and prevented using the
+prevented using the :data:`~django.db.models.signals.m2m_changed` signal to
-:data:`~django.db.models.signals.m2m_changed` signal to track individual
+track individual changes in many-to-many relations.
-changes in many-to-many relations.
 
 Direct assignment now relies on the the new
 :meth:`~django.db.models.fields.related.RelatedManager.set` method on related

docs/topics/auth/default.txt

@@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ fields: ``groups`` and ``user_permissions``.
 objects in the same way as any other :doc:`Django model
 </topics/db/models>`::
 
-    myuser.groups = [group_list]
+    myuser.groups.set([group_list])
     myuser.groups.add(group, group, ...)
     myuser.groups.remove(group, group, ...)
     myuser.groups.clear()
-    myuser.user_permissions = [permission_list]
+    myuser.user_permissions.set([permission_list])
     myuser.user_permissions.add(permission, permission, ...)
     myuser.user_permissions.remove(permission, permission, ...)
     myuser.user_permissions.clear()

docs/topics/db/examples/many_to_many.txt

@@ -221,11 +221,11 @@ And from the other end::
     >>> a5.publications.all()
     <QuerySet []>
 
-Relation sets can be assigned. Assignment clears any existing set members::
+Relation sets can be set::
 
     >>> a4.publications.all()
     <QuerySet [<Publication: Science News>]>
-    >>> a4.publications = [p3]
+    >>> a4.publications.set([p3])
     >>> a4.publications.all()
     <QuerySet [<Publication: Science Weekly>]>
 
@@ -282,18 +282,3 @@ referenced objects should be gone::
     <QuerySet []>
     >>> p1.article_set.all()
     <QuerySet [<Article: NASA uses Python>]>
-
-An alternate to calling
-:meth:`~django.db.models.fields.related.RelatedManager.clear` is to assign the
-empty set::
-
-    >>> p1.article_set = []
-    >>> p1.article_set.all()
-    <QuerySet []>
-
-    >>> a2.publications = [p1, new_publication]
-    >>> a2.publications.all()
-    <QuerySet [<Publication: Highlights for Children>, <Publication: The Python Journal>]>
-    >>> a2.publications = []
-    >>> a2.publications.all()
-    <QuerySet []>

docs/topics/db/models.txt

@@ -510,15 +510,15 @@ the intermediate model::
     >>> beatles.members.all()
     <QuerySet [<Person: Ringo Starr>, <Person: Paul McCartney>]>
 
-Unlike normal many-to-many fields, you *can't* use ``add``, ``create``,
+Unlike normal many-to-many fields, you *can't* use ``add()``, ``create()``,
-or assignment (i.e., ``beatles.members = [...]``) to create relationships::
+or ``set()`` to create relationships::
 
     # THIS WILL NOT WORK
     >>> beatles.members.add(john)
     # NEITHER WILL THIS
     >>> beatles.members.create(name="George Harrison")
     # AND NEITHER WILL THIS
-    >>> beatles.members = [john, paul, ringo, george]
+    >>> beatles.members.set([john, paul, ringo, george])
 
 Why? You can't just create a relationship between a ``Person`` and a ``Group``
 - you need to specify all the detail for the relationship required by the
@@ -575,7 +575,6 @@ Another way to access the same information is by querying the
     >>> ringos_membership.invite_reason
     'Needed a new drummer.'
 
-
 One-to-one relationships
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 

docs/topics/db/queries.txt

@@ -1223,12 +1223,11 @@ be found in the :doc:`related objects reference </ref/models/relations>`.
 ``set(objs)``
     Replace the set of related objects.
 
-To assign the members of a related set in one fell swoop, just assign to it
+To assign the members of a related set, use the ``set()`` method with an
-from any iterable object. The iterable can contain object instances, or just
+iterable of object instances or a list of primary key values. For example::
-a list of primary key values. For example::
 
     b = Blog.objects.get(id=1)
-    b.entry_set = [e1, e2]
+    b.entry_set.set([e1, e2]
 
 In this example, ``e1`` and ``e2`` can be full Entry instances, or integer
 primary key values.

tests/admin_filters/tests.py

@@ -263,8 +263,7 @@ class ListFiltersTests(TestCase):
             title='Gipsy guitar for dummies', year=2002, is_best_seller=True,
             date_registered=self.one_week_ago,
         )
-        self.gipsy_book.contributors = [self.bob, self.lisa]
+        self.gipsy_book.contributors.set([self.bob, self.lisa])
-        self.gipsy_book.save()
 
         # Departments
         self.dev = Department.objects.create(code='DEV', description='Development')

tests/custom_columns/tests.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class CustomColumnsTests(TestCase):
         self.authors = [self.a1, self.a2]
 
         self.article = Article.objects.create(headline="Django lets you build Web apps easily", primary_author=self.a1)
-        self.article.authors = self.authors
+        self.article.authors.set(self.authors)
 
     def test_query_all_available_authors(self):
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(

tests/forms_tests/tests/tests.py

@@ -284,7 +284,8 @@ class ManyToManyExclusionTestCase(TestCase):
             'multi_choice_int': [opt1.pk],
         }
         instance = ChoiceFieldModel.objects.create(**initial)
-        instance.multi_choice = instance.multi_choice_int = [opt2, opt3]
+        instance.multi_choice.set([opt2, opt3])
+        instance.multi_choice_int.set([opt2, opt3])
         form = ChoiceFieldExclusionForm(data=data, instance=instance)
         self.assertTrue(form.is_valid())
         self.assertEqual(form.cleaned_data['multi_choice'], data['multi_choice'])

tests/generic_relations/tests.py

@@ -313,31 +313,31 @@ class GenericRelationsTests(TestCase):
         fatty = bacon.tags.create(tag="fatty")
         salty = bacon.tags.create(tag="salty")
 
-        bacon.tags = [fatty, salty]
+        bacon.tags.set([fatty, salty])
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(bacon.tags.all(), [
             "<TaggedItem: fatty>",
             "<TaggedItem: salty>",
         ])
 
-        bacon.tags = [fatty]
+        bacon.tags.set([fatty])
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(bacon.tags.all(), [
             "<TaggedItem: fatty>",
         ])
 
-        bacon.tags = []
+        bacon.tags.set([])
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(bacon.tags.all(), [])
 
     def test_assign_with_queryset(self):
         # Ensure that querysets used in reverse GFK assignments are pre-evaluated
         # so their value isn't affected by the clearing operation in
-        # ManyToManyDescriptor.__set__. Refs #19816.
+        # ManyRelatedManager.set() (#19816).
         bacon = Vegetable.objects.create(name="Bacon", is_yucky=False)
         bacon.tags.create(tag="fatty")
         bacon.tags.create(tag="salty")
         self.assertEqual(2, bacon.tags.count())
 
         qs = bacon.tags.filter(tag="fatty")
-        bacon.tags = qs
+        bacon.tags.set(qs)
 
         self.assertEqual(1, bacon.tags.count())
         self.assertEqual(1, qs.count())
@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ class ProxyRelatedModelTest(TestCase):
         base.save()
         newrel = ConcreteRelatedModel.objects.create()
 
-        newrel.bases = [base]
+        newrel.bases.set([base])
         newrel = ConcreteRelatedModel.objects.get(pk=newrel.pk)
         self.assertEqual(base, newrel.bases.get())
 

tests/get_object_or_404/tests.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class GetObjectOr404Tests(TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(Http404, get_object_or_404, Article, title="Foo")
 
         article = Article.objects.create(title="Run away!")
-        article.authors = [a1, a2]
+        article.authors.set([a1, a2])
         # get_object_or_404 can be passed a Model to query.
         self.assertEqual(
             get_object_or_404(Article, title__contains="Run"),

tests/lookup/tests.py

@@ -677,13 +677,13 @@ class LookupTests(TestCase):
         season_2011.games.create(home="Houston Astros", away="St. Louis Cardinals")
         season_2011.games.create(home="Houston Astros", away="Milwaukee Brewers")
         hunter_pence = Player.objects.create(name="Hunter Pence")
-        hunter_pence.games = Game.objects.filter(season__year__in=[2009, 2010])
+        hunter_pence.games.set(Game.objects.filter(season__year__in=[2009, 2010]))
         pudge = Player.objects.create(name="Ivan Rodriquez")
-        pudge.games = Game.objects.filter(season__year=2009)
+        pudge.games.set(Game.objects.filter(season__year=2009))
         pedro_feliz = Player.objects.create(name="Pedro Feliz")
-        pedro_feliz.games = Game.objects.filter(season__year__in=[2011])
+        pedro_feliz.games.set(Game.objects.filter(season__year__in=[2011]))
         johnson = Player.objects.create(name="Johnson")
-        johnson.games = Game.objects.filter(season__year__in=[2011])
+        johnson.games.set(Game.objects.filter(season__year__in=[2011]))
 
         # Games in 2010
         self.assertEqual(Game.objects.filter(season__year=2010).count(), 3)

tests/m2m_regress/tests.py

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class M2MRegressionTests(TestCase):
         t2 = Tag.objects.create(name='t2')
 
         c1 = TagCollection.objects.create(name='c1')
-        c1.tags = [t1, t2]
+        c1.tags.set([t1, t2])
         c1 = TagCollection.objects.get(name='c1')
 
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(c1.tags.all(), ["<Tag: t1>", "<Tag: t2>"], ordered=False)
@@ -104,10 +104,10 @@ class M2MRegressionTests(TestCase):
         t1 = Tag.objects.create(name='t1')
         t2 = Tag.objects.create(name='t2')
         c1 = TagCollection.objects.create(name='c1')
-        c1.tags = [t1, t2]
+        c1.tags.set([t1, t2])
 
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            c1.tags = 7
+            c1.tags.set(7)
 
         c1.refresh_from_db()
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(c1.tags.order_by('name'), ["<Tag: t1>", "<Tag: t2>"])

tests/m2m_signals/tests.py

@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ class ManyToManySignalsTest(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(self.m2m_changed_messages, expected_messages)
 
         # direct assignment clears the set first, then adds
-        self.vw.default_parts = [self.wheelset, self.doors, self.engine]
+        self.vw.default_parts.set([self.wheelset, self.doors, self.engine])
         expected_messages.append({
             'instance': self.vw,
             'action': 'pre_remove',
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ class ManyToManySignalsTest(TestCase):
         # Check that signals still work when model inheritance is involved
         c4 = SportsCar.objects.create(name='Bugatti', price='1000000')
         c4b = Car.objects.get(name='Bugatti')
-        c4.default_parts = [self.doors]
+        c4.default_parts.set([self.doors])
         expected_messages.append({
             'instance': c4,
             'action': 'pre_add',
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ class ManyToManySignalsTest(TestCase):
 
     def test_m2m_relations_with_self_add_friends(self):
         self._initialize_signal_person()
-        self.alice.friends = [self.bob, self.chuck]
+        self.alice.friends.set([self.bob, self.chuck])
         self.assertEqual(self.m2m_changed_messages, [
             {
                 'instance': self.alice,
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ class ManyToManySignalsTest(TestCase):
 
     def test_m2m_relations_with_self_add_fan(self):
         self._initialize_signal_person()
-        self.alice.fans = [self.daisy]
+        self.alice.fans.set([self.daisy])
         self.assertEqual(self.m2m_changed_messages, [
             {
                 'instance': self.alice,
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ class ManyToManySignalsTest(TestCase):
 
     def test_m2m_relations_with_self_add_idols(self):
         self._initialize_signal_person()
-        self.chuck.idols = [self.alice, self.bob]
+        self.chuck.idols.set([self.alice, self.bob])
         self.assertEqual(self.m2m_changed_messages, [
             {
                 'instance': self.chuck,

tests/m2m_through/tests.py

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class M2mThroughTests(TestCase):
         members = list(Person.objects.filter(name__in=['Bob', 'Jim']))
 
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(AttributeError, msg):
-            setattr(self.rock, 'members', members)
+            self.rock.members.set(members)
 
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(
             self.rock.members.all(),
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ class M2mThroughTests(TestCase):
         members = list(Group.objects.filter(name__in=['Rock', 'Roll']))
 
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(AttributeError, msg):
-            setattr(self.bob, 'group_set', members)
+            self.bob.group_set.set(members)
 
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(
             self.bob.group_set.all(),

tests/m2m_through_regress/tests.py

@@ -49,10 +49,22 @@ class M2MThroughTestCase(TestCase):
         )
 
     def test_cannot_use_setattr_on_reverse_m2m_with_intermediary_model(self):
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, self.bob, "group_set", [])
+        msg = (
+            "Cannot set values on a ManyToManyField which specifies an "
+            "intermediary model. Use m2m_through_regress.Membership's Manager "
+            "instead."
+        )
+        with self.assertRaisesMessage(AttributeError, msg):
+            self.bob.group_set.set([])
 
     def test_cannot_use_setattr_on_forward_m2m_with_intermediary_model(self):
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, self.roll, "members", [])
+        msg = (
+            "Cannot set values on a ManyToManyField which specifies an "
+            "intermediary model. Use m2m_through_regress.Membership's Manager "
+            "instead."
+        )
+        with self.assertRaisesMessage(AttributeError, msg):
+            self.roll.members.set([])
 
     def test_cannot_use_create_on_m2m_with_intermediary_model(self):
         self.assertRaises(AttributeError, self.rock.members.create, name="Anne")

tests/many_to_many/tests.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from django.db import transaction
-from django.test import TestCase
+from django.test import TestCase, ignore_warnings
 from django.utils import six
+from django.utils.deprecation import RemovedInDjango20Warning
 
 from .models import Article, InheritedArticleA, InheritedArticleB, Publication
 
@@ -371,8 +372,17 @@ class ManyToManyTests(TestCase):
         self.a4.publications.set([], clear=True)
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.a4.publications.all(), [])
 
-    def test_assign(self):
+    def test_assign_deprecation(self):
-        # Relation sets can be assigned. Assignment clears any existing set members
+        msg = (
+            "Direct assignment to the reverse side of a related set is "
+            "deprecated due to the implicit save() that happens. Use "
+            "article_set.set() instead."
+        )
+        with self.assertRaisesMessage(RemovedInDjango20Warning, msg):
+            self.p2.article_set = [self.a4, self.a3]
+
+    @ignore_warnings(category=RemovedInDjango20Warning)
+    def test_assign_deprecated(self):
         self.p2.article_set = [self.a4, self.a3]
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.p2.article_set.all(),
             [
@@ -393,9 +403,29 @@ class ManyToManyTests(TestCase):
         self.a4.publications = []
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.a4.publications.all(), [])
 
+    def test_assign(self):
+        # Relation sets can be assigned using set().
+        self.p2.article_set.set([self.a4, self.a3])
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            self.p2.article_set.all(), [
+                '<Article: NASA finds intelligent life on Earth>',
+                '<Article: Oxygen-free diet works wonders>',
+            ]
+        )
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.a4.publications.all(), ['<Publication: Science News>'])
+        self.a4.publications.set([self.p3.id])
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.p2.article_set.all(), ['<Article: NASA finds intelligent life on Earth>'])
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.a4.publications.all(), ['<Publication: Science Weekly>'])
+
+        # An alternate to calling clear() is to set an empty set.
+        self.p2.article_set.set([])
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.p2.article_set.all(), [])
+        self.a4.publications.set([])
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.a4.publications.all(), [])
+
     def test_assign_ids(self):
         # Relation sets can also be set using primary key values
-        self.p2.article_set = [self.a4.id, self.a3.id]
+        self.p2.article_set.set([self.a4.id, self.a3.id])
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.p2.article_set.all(),
             [
                 '<Article: NASA finds intelligent life on Earth>',
@@ -403,7 +433,7 @@ class ManyToManyTests(TestCase):
             ])
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.a4.publications.all(),
                                  ['<Publication: Science News>'])
-        self.a4.publications = [self.p3.id]
+        self.a4.publications.set([self.p3.id])
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.p2.article_set.all(),
                                  ['<Article: NASA finds intelligent life on Earth>'])
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.a4.publications.all(),
@@ -412,11 +442,11 @@ class ManyToManyTests(TestCase):
     def test_forward_assign_with_queryset(self):
         # Ensure that querysets used in m2m assignments are pre-evaluated
         # so their value isn't affected by the clearing operation in
-        # ManyToManyDescriptor.__set__. Refs #19816.
+        # ManyRelatedManager.set() (#19816).
-        self.a1.publications = [self.p1, self.p2]
+        self.a1.publications.set([self.p1, self.p2])
 
         qs = self.a1.publications.filter(title='The Python Journal')
-        self.a1.publications = qs
+        self.a1.publications.set(qs)
 
         self.assertEqual(1, self.a1.publications.count())
         self.assertEqual(1, qs.count())
@@ -424,11 +454,11 @@ class ManyToManyTests(TestCase):
     def test_reverse_assign_with_queryset(self):
         # Ensure that querysets used in M2M assignments are pre-evaluated
         # so their value isn't affected by the clearing operation in
-        # ManyToManyDescriptor.__set__. Refs #19816.
+        # ManyRelatedManager.set() (#19816).
-        self.p1.article_set = [self.a1, self.a2]
+        self.p1.article_set.set([self.a1, self.a2])
 
         qs = self.p1.article_set.filter(headline='Django lets you build Web apps easily')
-        self.p1.article_set = qs
+        self.p1.article_set.set(qs)
 
         self.assertEqual(1, self.p1.article_set.count())
         self.assertEqual(1, qs.count())

tests/many_to_one/tests.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from django.core.exceptions import FieldError, MultipleObjectsReturned
 from django.db import models, transaction
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.utils import six
+from django.utils.deprecation import RemovedInDjango20Warning
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy
 
 from .models import (
@@ -123,6 +124,15 @@ class ManyToOneTests(TestCase):
             ])
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.r2.article_set.all(), ["<Article: Paul's story>"])
 
+    def test_reverse_assignment_deprecation(self):
+        msg = (
+            "Direct assignment to the reverse side of a related set is "
+            "deprecated due to the implicit save() that happens. Use "
+            "article_set.set() instead."
+        )
+        with self.assertRaisesMessage(RemovedInDjango20Warning, msg):
+            self.r2.article_set = []
+
     def test_assign(self):
         new_article = self.r.article_set.create(headline="John's second story",
                                                 pub_date=datetime.date(2005, 7, 29))
@@ -141,8 +151,8 @@ class ManyToOneTests(TestCase):
         ])
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.r2.article_set.all(), [])
 
-        # Set the article back again using set descriptor.
+        # Set the article back again using set() method.
-        self.r2.article_set = [new_article, new_article2]
+        self.r2.article_set.set([new_article, new_article2])
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.r.article_set.all(), ["<Article: This is a test>"])
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.r2.article_set.all(),
             [
@@ -150,9 +160,9 @@ class ManyToOneTests(TestCase):
                 "<Article: Paul's story>",
             ])
 
-        # Funny case - assignment notation can only go so far; because the
+        # Because the ForeignKey cannot be null, existing members of the set
-        # ForeignKey cannot be null, existing members of the set must remain.
+        # must remain.
-        self.r.article_set = [new_article]
+        self.r.article_set.set([new_article])
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.r.article_set.all(),
             [
                 "<Article: John's second story>",

tests/many_to_one_null/tests.py

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class ManyToOneNullTests(TestCase):
         # Use descriptor assignment to allocate ForeignKey. Null is legal, so
         # existing members of the set that are not in the assignment set are
         # set to null.
-        self.r2.article_set = [self.a2, self.a3]
+        self.r2.article_set.set([self.a2, self.a3])
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.r2.article_set.all(),
                                  ['<Article: Second>', '<Article: Third>'])
         # Clear the rest of the set
@@ -106,11 +106,11 @@ class ManyToOneNullTests(TestCase):
     def test_assign_with_queryset(self):
         # Ensure that querysets used in reverse FK assignments are pre-evaluated
         # so their value isn't affected by the clearing operation in
-        # ReverseManyToOneDescriptor.__set__. Refs #19816.
+        # RelatedManager.set() (#19816).
-        self.r2.article_set = [self.a2, self.a3]
+        self.r2.article_set.set([self.a2, self.a3])
 
         qs = self.r2.article_set.filter(headline="Second")
-        self.r2.article_set = qs
+        self.r2.article_set.set(qs)
 
         self.assertEqual(1, self.r2.article_set.count())
         self.assertEqual(1, qs.count())

tests/model_formsets/tests.py

@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ class ModelFormsetTest(TestCase):
         author3 = Author.objects.create(name='Walt Whitman')
 
         meeting = AuthorMeeting.objects.create(created=date.today())
-        meeting.authors = Author.objects.all()
+        meeting.authors.set(Author.objects.all())
 
         # create an Author instance to add to the meeting.
 

tests/model_inheritance/tests.py

@@ -234,9 +234,9 @@ class ModelInheritanceDataTests(TestCase):
     def test_related_objects_for_inherited_models(self):
         # Related objects work just as they normally do.
         s1 = Supplier.objects.create(name="Joe's Chickens", address="123 Sesame St")
-        s1.customers = [self.restaurant, self.italian_restaurant]
+        s1.customers .set([self.restaurant, self.italian_restaurant])
         s2 = Supplier.objects.create(name="Luigi's Pasta", address="456 Sesame St")
-        s2.customers = [self.italian_restaurant]
+        s2.customers.set([self.italian_restaurant])
 
         # This won't work because the Place we select is not a Restaurant (it's
         # a Supplier).

tests/model_inheritance_regress/tests.py

@@ -350,10 +350,10 @@ class ModelInheritanceTest(TestCase):
 
         birthday = BirthdayParty.objects.create(
             name='Birthday party for Alice')
-        birthday.attendees = [p1, p3]
+        birthday.attendees.set([p1, p3])
 
         bachelor = BachelorParty.objects.create(name='Bachelor party for Bob')
-        bachelor.attendees = [p2, p4]
+        bachelor.attendees.set([p2, p4])
 
         parties = list(p1.birthdayparty_set.all())
         self.assertEqual(parties, [birthday])
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ class ModelInheritanceTest(TestCase):
         # ... but it does inherit the m2m from its parent
         messy = MessyBachelorParty.objects.create(
             name='Bachelor party for Dave')
-        messy.attendees = [p4]
+        messy.attendees.set([p4])
         messy_parent = messy.bachelorparty_ptr
 
         parties = list(p4.bachelorparty_set.all())

tests/multiple_database/tests.py

@@ -177,8 +177,8 @@ class QueryTestCase(TestCase):
         mark = Person.objects.using('other').create(name="Mark Pilgrim")
 
         # Save the author relations
-        pro.authors = [marty]
+        pro.authors.set([marty])
-        dive.authors = [mark]
+        dive.authors.set([mark])
 
         # Inspect the m2m tables directly.
         # There should be 1 entry in each database
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ class QueryTestCase(TestCase):
         mark = Person.objects.using('other').create(name="Mark Pilgrim")
 
         # Save the author relations
-        dive.authors = [mark]
+        dive.authors.set([mark])
 
         # Add a second author
         john = Person.objects.using('other').create(name="John Smith")
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ class QueryTestCase(TestCase):
         mark = Person.objects.using('other').create(name="Mark Pilgrim")
 
         # Save the author relations
-        dive.authors = [mark]
+        dive.authors.set([mark])
 
         # Create a second book on the other database
         grease = Book.objects.using('other').create(title="Greasemonkey Hacks",
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ class QueryTestCase(TestCase):
         # Set a foreign key set with an object from a different database
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             with transaction.atomic(using='default'):
-                marty.edited = [pro, dive]
+                marty.edited.set([pro, dive])
 
         # Add to an m2m with an object from a different database
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ class QueryTestCase(TestCase):
         # Set a m2m with an object from a different database
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             with transaction.atomic(using='default'):
-                marty.book_set = [pro, dive]
+                marty.book_set.set([pro, dive])
 
         # Add to a reverse m2m with an object from a different database
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ class QueryTestCase(TestCase):
         # Set a reverse m2m with an object from a different database
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             with transaction.atomic(using='other'):
-                dive.authors = [mark, marty]
+                dive.authors.set([mark, marty])
 
     def test_m2m_deletion(self):
         "Cascaded deletions of m2m relations issue queries on the right database"
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ class QueryTestCase(TestCase):
                                                   published=datetime.date(2009, 5, 4))
 
         mark = Person.objects.using('other').create(name="Mark Pilgrim")
-        dive.authors = [mark]
+        dive.authors.set([mark])
 
         # Check the initial state
         self.assertEqual(Person.objects.using('default').count(), 0)
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ class QueryTestCase(TestCase):
         # Now try deletion in the reverse direction. Set up the relation again
         dive = Book.objects.using('other').create(title="Dive into Python",
                                                   published=datetime.date(2009, 5, 4))
-        dive.authors = [mark]
+        dive.authors.set([mark])
 
         # Check the initial state
         self.assertEqual(Person.objects.using('default').count(), 0)
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ class QueryTestCase(TestCase):
         # Set a foreign key set with an object from a different database
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             with transaction.atomic(using='default'):
-                marty.edited = [pro, dive]
+                marty.edited.set([pro, dive])
 
         # Add to a foreign key set with an object from a different database
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
@@ -1095,7 +1095,7 @@ class RouterTestCase(TestCase):
         pro = Book.objects.using('default').create(title="Pro Django",
                                                    published=datetime.date(2008, 12, 16),
                                                    editor=marty)
-        pro.authors = [marty]
+        pro.authors.set([marty])
 
         # Create a book and author on the other database
         Book.objects.using('other').create(title="Dive into Python",
@@ -1320,7 +1320,7 @@ class RouterTestCase(TestCase):
 
         # Set a m2m set with an object from a different database
         try:
-            marty.book_set = [pro, dive]
+            marty.book_set.set([pro, dive])
         except ValueError:
             self.fail("Assignment across primary/replica databases with a common source should be ok")
 
@@ -1358,7 +1358,7 @@ class RouterTestCase(TestCase):
 
         # Set a reverse m2m with an object from a different database
         try:
-            dive.authors = [mark, marty]
+            dive.authors.set([mark, marty])
         except ValueError:
             self.fail("Assignment across primary/replica databases with a common source should be ok")
 
@@ -1861,7 +1861,7 @@ class RouterAttributeErrorTestCase(TestCase):
         b = Book.objects.create(title="Pro Django",
                                 published=datetime.date(2008, 12, 16))
         p = Person.objects.create(name="Marty Alchin")
-        b.authors = [p]
+        b.authors.set([p])
         b.editor = p
         with self.override_router():
             self.assertRaises(AttributeError, b.delete)
@@ -1872,7 +1872,8 @@ class RouterAttributeErrorTestCase(TestCase):
                                 published=datetime.date(2008, 12, 16))
         p = Person.objects.create(name="Marty Alchin")
         with self.override_router():
-            self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, b, 'authors', [p])
+            with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+                b.authors.set([p])
 
 
 class ModelMetaRouter(object):
@@ -1898,7 +1899,7 @@ class RouterModelArgumentTestCase(TestCase):
         # test clear
         b.authors.clear()
         # test setattr
-        b.authors = [p]
+        b.authors.set([p])
         # test M2M collection
         b.delete()
 

tests/one_to_one/tests.py

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class OneToOneTests(TestCase):
         """
         f = Favorites(name='Fred')
         f.save()
-        f.restaurants = [self.r1]
+        f.restaurants.set([self.r1])
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(
             f.restaurants.all(),
             ['<Restaurant: Demon Dogs the restaurant>']

tests/queries/tests.py

@@ -73,12 +73,12 @@ class Queries1Tests(BaseQuerysetTest):
         time3 = datetime.datetime(2007, 12, 20, 22, 25, 0)
         time4 = datetime.datetime(2007, 12, 20, 21, 0, 0)
         cls.i1 = Item.objects.create(name='one', created=cls.time1, modified=cls.time1, creator=cls.a1, note=cls.n3)
-        cls.i1.tags = [cls.t1, cls.t2]
+        cls.i1.tags.set([cls.t1, cls.t2])
         cls.i2 = Item.objects.create(name='two', created=cls.time2, creator=cls.a2, note=n2)
-        cls.i2.tags = [cls.t1, cls.t3]
+        cls.i2.tags.set([cls.t1, cls.t3])
         cls.i3 = Item.objects.create(name='three', created=time3, creator=cls.a2, note=cls.n3)
         i4 = Item.objects.create(name='four', created=time4, creator=cls.a4, note=cls.n3)
-        i4.tags = [t4]
+        i4.tags.set([t4])
 
         cls.r1 = Report.objects.create(name='r1', creator=cls.a1)
         Report.objects.create(name='r2', creator=a3)
@@ -1373,8 +1373,8 @@ class Queries4Tests(BaseQuerysetTest):
         math101 = tag.note_set.create(note='MATH', misc='101')
         s1 = tag.annotation_set.create(name='1')
         s2 = tag.annotation_set.create(name='2')
-        s1.notes = [math101, anth100]
+        s1.notes.set([math101, anth100])
-        s2.notes = [math101]
+        s2.notes.set([math101])
         result = math101.annotation_set.all() & tag.annotation_set.exclude(notes__in=[anth100])
         self.assertEqual(list(result), [s2])
 
@@ -3348,9 +3348,9 @@ class ManyToManyExcludeTest(TestCase):
         pg2 = Page.objects.create(text='pg2')
         pg1 = Page.objects.create(text='pg1')
         pa1 = Paragraph.objects.create(text='pa1')
-        pa1.page = [pg1, pg2]
+        pa1.page.set([pg1, pg2])
         pa2 = Paragraph.objects.create(text='pa2')
-        pa2.page = [pg2, pg3]
+        pa2.page.set([pg2, pg3])
         pa3 = Paragraph.objects.create(text='pa3')
         ch1 = Chapter.objects.create(title='ch1', paragraph=pa1)
         ch2 = Chapter.objects.create(title='ch2', paragraph=pa2)

tests/serializers/test_data.py

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def fk_create(pk, klass, data):
 def m2m_create(pk, klass, data):
     instance = klass(id=pk)
     models.Model.save_base(instance, raw=True)
-    instance.data = data
+    instance.data.set(data)
     return [instance]
 
 

tests/serializers/tests.py

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class SerializersTestBase(object):
             pub_date=datetime(2006, 6, 16, 11, 00)
         )
         self.a1.save()
-        self.a1.categories = [sports, op_ed]
+        self.a1.categories.set([sports, op_ed])
 
         self.a2 = Article(
             author=self.joe,
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class SerializersTestBase(object):
             pub_date=datetime(2006, 6, 16, 13, 00, 11, 345)
         )
         self.a2.save()
-        self.a2.categories = [music, op_ed]
+        self.a2.categories.set([music, op_ed])
 
     def test_serialize(self):
         """Tests that basic serialization works."""

tests/signals/tests.py

@@ -222,9 +222,9 @@ class SignalTests(BaseSignalTest):
             data[:] = []
 
             # Assigning and removing to/from m2m shouldn't generate an m2m signal.
-            b1.authors = [a1]
+            b1.authors.set([a1])
             self.assertEqual(data, [])
-            b1.authors = []
+            b1.authors.set([])
             self.assertEqual(data, [])
         finally:
             signals.pre_save.disconnect(pre_save_handler)

tests/unmanaged_models/tests.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class SimpleTests(TestCase):
         a = A01.objects.create(f_a="foo", f_b=42)
         B01.objects.create(fk_a=a, f_a="fred", f_b=1729)
         c = C01.objects.create(f_a="barney", f_b=1)
-        c.mm_a = [a]
+        c.mm_a.set([a])
 
         # ... and pull it out via the other set.
         a2 = A02.objects.all()[0]

tests/update_only_fields/tests.py

@@ -124,11 +124,9 @@ class UpdateOnlyFieldsTests(TestCase):
         profile_boss = Profile.objects.create(name='Boss', salary=3000)
         e1 = Employee.objects.create(name='Sara', gender='F',
             employee_num=1, profile=profile_boss)
-
         a1 = Account.objects.create(num=1)
         a2 = Account.objects.create(num=2)
-
+        e1.accounts.set([a1, a2])
-        e1.accounts = [a1, a2]
 
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             e1.save(update_fields=['accounts'])