[5.0.x] Refs #33482 -- Fixed QuerySet selecting and filtering againts Exists() with empty queryset.

Thanks Tobias Bengfort for the report.
Backport of ea596a52d9 from main

django/db/models/expressions.py

@@ -1624,6 +1624,15 @@ class Exists(Subquery):
             sql = "CASE WHEN {} THEN 1 ELSE 0 END".format(sql)
         return sql, params
 
+    def as_sql(self, compiler, *args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            return super().as_sql(compiler, *args, **kwargs)
+        except EmptyResultSet:
+            features = compiler.connection.features
+            if not features.supports_boolean_expr_in_select_clause:
+                return "1=0", ()
+            return compiler.compile(Value(False))
+
 
 @deconstructible(path="django.db.models.OrderBy")
 class OrderBy(Expression):

tests/expressions/tests.py

@@ -2294,6 +2294,14 @@ class ExistsTests(TestCase):
         self.assertSequenceEqual(qs, [manager])
         self.assertIs(qs.get().not_exists, True)
 
+    def test_filter_by_empty_exists(self):
+        manager = Manager.objects.create()
+        qs = Manager.objects.annotate(exists=Exists(Manager.objects.none())).filter(
+            pk=manager.pk, exists=False
+        )
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(qs, [manager])
+        self.assertIs(qs.get().exists, False)
+
 
 class FieldTransformTests(TestCase):
     @classmethod