Applied Black's 2024 stable style.

https://github.com/psf/black/releases/tag/24.1.0

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black-pre-commit-mirror
-    rev: 23.12.1
+    rev: 24.1.0
     hooks:
     - id: black
       exclude: \.py-tpl$
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ repos:
     hooks:
       - id: blacken-docs
         additional_dependencies:
-        - black==23.12.1
+        - black==24.1.0
         files: 'docs/.*\.txt$'
   - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/isort
     rev: 5.13.2

django/__main__.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ Invokes django-admin when the django module is run as a script.
 
 Example: python -m django check
 """
+
 from django.core import management
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

django/contrib/admin/filters.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ Filters are specified in models with the "list_filter" option.
 Each filter subclass knows how to display a filter for a field that passes a
 certain test -- e.g. being a DateField or ForeignKey.
 """
+
 import datetime
 
 from django.contrib.admin.exceptions import NotRegistered

django/contrib/admin/options.py

@@ -1759,9 +1759,9 @@ class ModelAdmin(BaseModelAdmin):
                 has_delete_permission = inline.has_delete_permission(request, obj)
             else:
                 # Disable all edit-permissions, and override formset settings.
-                has_add_permission = (
-                    has_change_permission
-                ) = has_delete_permission = False
+                has_add_permission = has_change_permission = has_delete_permission = (
+                    False
+                )
                 formset.extra = formset.max_num = 0
             has_view_permission = inline.has_view_permission(request, obj)
             prepopulated = dict(inline.get_prepopulated_fields(request, obj))
@@ -1896,9 +1896,11 @@ class ModelAdmin(BaseModelAdmin):
             form,
             list(fieldsets),
             # Clear prepopulated fields on a view-only form to avoid a crash.
+            (
                 self.get_prepopulated_fields(request, obj)
                 if add or self.has_change_permission(request, obj)
-            else {},
+                else {}
+            ),
             readonly_fields,
             model_admin=self,
         )

django/contrib/admin/templatetags/admin_list.py

@@ -171,9 +171,9 @@ def result_headers(cl):
             "url_primary": cl.get_query_string({ORDER_VAR: ".".join(o_list_primary)}),
             "url_remove": cl.get_query_string({ORDER_VAR: ".".join(o_list_remove)}),
             "url_toggle": cl.get_query_string({ORDER_VAR: ".".join(o_list_toggle)}),
-            "class_attrib": format_html(' class="{}"', " ".join(th_classes))
-            if th_classes
-            else "",
+            "class_attrib": (
+                format_html(' class="{}"', " ".join(th_classes)) if th_classes else ""
+            ),
         }
 
 
@@ -270,9 +270,11 @@ def items_for_result(cl, result, form):
                 link_or_text = format_html(
                     '<a href="{}"{}>{}</a>',
                     url,
+                    (
                         format_html(' data-popup-opener="{}"', value)
                         if cl.is_popup
-                    else "",
+                        else ""
+                    ),
                     result_repr,
                 )
 

django/contrib/admin/widgets.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Form Widget classes specific to the Django admin site.
 """
+
 import copy
 import json
 

django/contrib/auth/base_user.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 This module allows importing AbstractBaseUser even when django.contrib.auth is
 not in INSTALLED_APPS.
 """
+
 import unicodedata
 
 from django.conf import settings

django/contrib/auth/management/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Creates permissions for all installed apps that need permissions.
 """
+
 import getpass
 import unicodedata
 

django/contrib/auth/management/commands/createsuperuser.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Management utility to create superusers.
 """
+
 import getpass
 import os
 import sys
@@ -271,15 +272,19 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
         return "%s%s%s: " % (
             capfirst(field.verbose_name),
             " (leave blank to use '%s')" % default if default else "",
+            (
                 " (%s.%s)"
                 % (
                     field.remote_field.model._meta.object_name,
+                    (
                         field.m2m_target_field_name()
                         if field.many_to_many
-                else field.remote_field.field_name,
+                        else field.remote_field.field_name
+                    ),
                 )
                 if field.remote_field
-            else "",
+                else ""
+            ),
         )
 
     @cached_property

django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/models.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
  For example, the `USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA` is used for the GeometryColumns
  model and the `SDO_COORD_REF_SYS` is used for the SpatialRefSys model.
 """
+
 from django.contrib.gis.db import models
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.models import SpatialRefSysMixin
 

django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/operations.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
  support for an internal JVM, and Java libraries are required to use
  the WKT constructors.
 """
+
 import re
 
 from django.contrib.gis.db import models

django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/adapter.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
  This object provides quoting for GEOS geometries into PostgreSQL/PostGIS.
 """
+
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.postgis.pgraster import to_pgraster
 from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSGeometry
 from django.db.backends.postgresql.psycopg_any import sql

django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/const.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 PostGIS to GDAL conversion constant definitions
 """
+
 # Lookup to convert pixel type values from GDAL to PostGIS
 GDAL_TO_POSTGIS = [None, 4, 6, 5, 8, 7, 10, 11, None, None, None, None]
 

django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/models.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
  The GeometryColumns and SpatialRefSys models for the PostGIS backend.
 """
+
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.models import SpatialRefSysMixin
 from django.db import models
 

django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/models.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
  The GeometryColumns and SpatialRefSys models for the SpatiaLite backend.
 """
+
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.models import SpatialRefSysMixin
 from django.db import models
 

django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/operations.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 SQL functions reference lists:
 https://www.gaia-gis.it/gaia-sins/spatialite-sql-4.3.0.html
 """
+
 from django.contrib.gis.db import models
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.operations import BaseSpatialOperations
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.spatialite.adapter import SpatiaLiteAdapter

django/contrib/gis/db/models/functions.py

@@ -127,9 +127,11 @@ class SQLiteDecimalToFloatMixin:
         copy = self.copy()
         copy.set_source_expressions(
             [
+                (
                     Value(float(expr.value))
                     if hasattr(expr, "value") and isinstance(expr.value, Decimal)
                     else expr
+                )
                 for expr in copy.get_source_expressions()
             ]
         )
@@ -349,9 +351,9 @@ class Distance(DistanceResultMixin, OracleToleranceMixin, GeoFunc):
     def as_sqlite(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
         if self.geo_field.geodetic(connection):
             # SpatiaLite returns NULL instead of zero on geodetic coordinates
-            extra_context[
-                "template"
-            ] = "COALESCE(%(function)s(%(expressions)s, %(spheroid)s), 0)"
+            extra_context["template"] = (
+                "COALESCE(%(function)s(%(expressions)s, %(spheroid)s), 0)"
+            )
             extra_context["spheroid"] = int(bool(self.spheroid))
         return super().as_sql(compiler, connection, **extra_context)
 

django/contrib/gis/db/models/proxy.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ objects corresponding to geographic model fields.
 
 Thanks to Robert Coup for providing this functionality (see #4322).
 """
+
 from django.db.models.query_utils import DeferredAttribute
 
 

django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/conversion.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 This module holds simple classes to convert geospatial values from the
 database.
 """
+
 from decimal import Decimal
 
 from django.contrib.gis.measure import Area, Distance

django/contrib/gis/gdal/__init__.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
  by setting `GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH` in your settings with the path to the GDAL C
  library on your system.
 """
+
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.datasource import DataSource
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.driver import Driver
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.envelope import Envelope

django/contrib/gis/gdal/datasource.py

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
               #  OFTReal returns floats, all else returns string.
               val = field.value
 """
+
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.base import GDALBase

django/contrib/gis/gdal/envelope.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
                            |          |
  Lower left (min_x, min_y) o----------+
 """
+
 from ctypes import Structure, c_double
 
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.error import GDALException

django/contrib/gis/gdal/geometries.py

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
   >>> print(gt1 == 3, gt1 == 'Polygon') # Equivalence works w/non-OGRGeomType objects
   True True
 """
+
 import sys
 import warnings
 from binascii import b2a_hex

django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/ds.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
  related data structures. OGR_Dr_*, OGR_DS_*, OGR_L_*, OGR_F_*,
  OGR_Fld_* routines are relevant here.
 """
+
 from ctypes import POINTER, c_char_p, c_double, c_int, c_long, c_uint, c_void_p
 
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.envelope import OGREnvelope

django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/errcheck.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
  This module houses the error-checking routines used by the GDAL
  ctypes prototypes.
 """
+
 from ctypes import c_void_p, string_at
 
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.error import GDALException, SRSException, check_err

django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/generation.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
  This module contains functions that generate ctypes prototypes for the
  GDAL routines.
 """
+
 from ctypes import POINTER, c_bool, c_char_p, c_double, c_int, c_int64, c_void_p
 from functools import partial
 

django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/raster.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 This module houses the ctypes function prototypes for GDAL DataSource (raster)
 related data structures.
 """
+
 from ctypes import POINTER, c_bool, c_char_p, c_double, c_int, c_void_p
 from functools import partial
 

django/contrib/gis/gdal/raster/const.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 GDAL - Constant definitions
 """
+
 from ctypes import (
     c_double,
     c_float,

django/contrib/gis/gdal/srs.py

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
   >>> print(srs.name)
   NAD83 / Texas South Central
 """
+
 from ctypes import byref, c_char_p, c_int
 from enum import IntEnum
 from types import NoneType

django/contrib/gis/geos/__init__.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 The GeoDjango GEOS module.  Please consult the GeoDjango documentation
 for more details: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/contrib/gis/geos/
 """
+
 from .collections import (  # NOQA
     GeometryCollection,
     MultiLineString,

django/contrib/gis/geos/collections.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
  This module houses the Geometry Collection objects:
  GeometryCollection, MultiPoint, MultiLineString, and MultiPolygon
 """
+
 from django.contrib.gis.geos import prototypes as capi
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.geometry import GEOSGeometry, LinearGeometryMixin
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.libgeos import GEOM_PTR

django/contrib/gis/geos/coordseq.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
  by GEOSGeometry to house the actual coordinates of the Point,
  LineString, and LinearRing geometries.
 """
+
 from ctypes import byref, c_byte, c_double, c_uint
 
 from django.contrib.gis.geos import prototypes as capi

django/contrib/gis/geos/geometry.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
  This module contains the 'base' GEOSGeometry object -- all GEOS Geometries
  inherit from this object.
 """
+
 import re
 from ctypes import addressof, byref, c_double
 

django/contrib/gis/geos/io.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ Module that holds classes for performing I/O operations on GEOS geometry
 objects.  Specifically, this has Python implementations of WKB/WKT
 reader and writer classes.
 """
+
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.geometry import GEOSGeometry
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.prototypes.io import (
     WKBWriter,

django/contrib/gis/geos/libgeos.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
  This module also houses GEOS Pointer utilities, including
  get_pointer_arr(), and GEOM_PTR.
 """
+
 import logging
 import os
 from ctypes import CDLL, CFUNCTYPE, POINTER, Structure, c_char_p

django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/errcheck.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
  Error checking functions for GEOS ctypes prototype functions.
 """
+
 from ctypes import c_void_p, string_at
 
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.error import GEOSException

django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/misc.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
  This module is for the miscellaneous GEOS routines, particularly the
  ones that return the area, distance, and length.
 """
+
 from ctypes import POINTER, c_double, c_int
 
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.libgeos import GEOM_PTR, GEOSFuncFactory

django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/predicates.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
  This module houses the GEOS ctypes prototype functions for the
  unary and binary predicate operations on geometries.
 """
+
 from ctypes import c_byte, c_char_p, c_double
 
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.libgeos import GEOM_PTR, GEOSFuncFactory

django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/topology.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
  This module houses the GEOS ctypes prototype functions for the
  topological operations on geometries.
 """
+
 from ctypes import c_double, c_int
 
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.libgeos import GEOM_PTR, GEOSFuncFactory

django/contrib/gis/utils/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
  This module contains useful utilities for GeoDjango.
 """
+
 from django.contrib.gis.utils.ogrinfo import ogrinfo
 from django.contrib.gis.utils.ogrinspect import mapping, ogrinspect
 from django.contrib.gis.utils.srs import add_srs_entry

django/contrib/gis/utils/ogrinspect.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ This module is for inspecting OGR data sources and generating either
 models for GeoDjango and/or mapping dictionaries for use with the
 `LayerMapping` utility.
 """
+
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal import DataSource
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.field import (
     OFTDate,

django/contrib/postgres/search.py

@@ -116,9 +116,11 @@ class SearchVector(SearchVectorCombinable, Func):
         clone.set_source_expressions(
             [
                 Coalesce(
+                    (
                         expression
                         if isinstance(expression.output_field, (CharField, TextField))
-                    else Cast(expression, TextField()),
+                        else Cast(expression, TextField())
+                    ),
                     Value(""),
                 )
                 for expression in clone.get_source_expressions()

django/contrib/sessions/base_session.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 This module allows importing AbstractBaseSession even
 when django.contrib.sessions is not in INSTALLED_APPS.
 """
+
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
 

django/contrib/staticfiles/views.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ Views and functions for serving static files. These are only to be used during
 development, and SHOULD NOT be used in a production setting.
 
 """
+
 import os
 import posixpath
 

django/core/cache/__init__.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ object.
 
 See docs/topics/cache.txt for information on the public API.
 """
+
 from django.core import signals
 from django.core.cache.backends.base import (
     BaseCache,

django/core/exceptions.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Global Django exception and warning classes.
 """
+
 import operator
 
 from django.utils.hashable import make_hashable

django/core/files/images.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ Utility functions for handling images.
 
 Requires Pillow as you might imagine.
 """
+
 import struct
 import zlib
 

django/core/files/locks.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ Example Usage::
     ...     locks.lock(f, locks.LOCK_EX)
     ...     f.write('Django')
 """
+
 import os
 
 __all__ = ("LOCK_EX", "LOCK_SH", "LOCK_NB", "lock", "unlock")

django/core/files/uploadhandler.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Base file upload handler classes, and the built-in concrete subclasses
 """
+
 import os
 from io import BytesIO
 

django/core/mail/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Tools for sending email.
 """
+
 from django.conf import settings
 
 # Imported for backwards compatibility and for the sake

django/core/mail/backends/console.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Email backend that writes messages to console instead of sending them.
 """
+
 import sys
 import threading
 

django/core/mail/backends/locmem.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Backend for test environment.
 """
+
 import copy
 
 from django.core import mail

django/core/mail/backends/smtp.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """SMTP email backend class."""
+
 import smtplib
 import ssl
 import threading

django/core/management/base.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 Base classes for writing management commands (named commands which can
 be executed through ``django-admin`` or ``manage.py``).
 """
+
 import argparse
 import os
 import sys
@@ -528,9 +529,11 @@ class BaseCommand:
                 if issues:
                     visible_issue_count += len(issues)
                     formatted = (
+                        (
                             self.style.ERROR(str(e))
                             if e.is_serious()
                             else self.style.WARNING(str(e))
+                        )
                         for e in issues
                     )
                     formatted = "\n".join(sorted(formatted))
@@ -543,11 +546,15 @@ class BaseCommand:
             if visible_issue_count:
                 footer += "\n"
             footer += "System check identified %s (%s silenced)." % (
+                (
                     "no issues"
                     if visible_issue_count == 0
-                else "1 issue"
+                    else (
+                        "1 issue"
                         if visible_issue_count == 1
-                else "%s issues" % visible_issue_count,
+                        else "%s issues" % visible_issue_count
+                    )
+                ),
                 len(all_issues) - visible_issue_count,
             )
 

django/core/serializers/base.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Module for abstract serializer/unserializer base classes.
 """
+
 from io import StringIO
 
 from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist

django/core/serializers/xml_serializer.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 XML serializer.
 """
+
 import json
 from xml.dom import pulldom
 from xml.sax import handler

django/db/backends/base/schema.py

@@ -724,9 +724,9 @@ class BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor:
                 namespace, _ = split_identifier(model._meta.db_table)
                 definition += " " + self.sql_create_column_inline_fk % {
                     "name": self._fk_constraint_name(model, field, constraint_suffix),
-                    "namespace": "%s." % self.quote_name(namespace)
-                    if namespace
-                    else "",
+                    "namespace": (
+                        "%s." % self.quote_name(namespace) if namespace else ""
+                    ),
                     "column": self.quote_name(field.column),
                     "to_table": self.quote_name(to_table),
                     "to_column": self.quote_name(to_column),
@@ -1919,11 +1919,13 @@ class BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor:
         """Return all constraint names matching the columns and conditions."""
         if column_names is not None:
             column_names = [
+                (
                     self.connection.introspection.identifier_converter(
                         truncate_name(name, self.connection.ops.max_name_length())
                     )
                     if self.connection.features.truncates_names
                     else self.connection.introspection.identifier_converter(name)
+                )
                 for name in column_names
             ]
         with self.connection.cursor() as cursor:

django/db/backends/ddl_references.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 Helpers to manipulate deferred DDL statements that might need to be adjusted or
 discarded within when executing a migration.
 """
+
 from copy import deepcopy
 
 

django/db/backends/mysql/base.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ MySQL database backend for Django.
 
 Requires mysqlclient: https://pypi.org/project/mysqlclient/
 """
+
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 from django.db import IntegrityError
 from django.db.backends import utils as backend_utils

django/db/backends/oracle/base.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ Oracle database backend for Django.
 
 Requires oracledb: https://oracle.github.io/python-oracledb/
 """
+
 import datetime
 import decimal
 import os

django/db/backends/oracle/creation.py

@@ -133,20 +133,20 @@ class DatabaseCreation(BaseDatabaseCreation):
         credentials in the SAVED_USER/SAVED_PASSWORD key in the settings dict.
         """
         real_settings = settings.DATABASES[self.connection.alias]
-        real_settings["SAVED_USER"] = self.connection.settings_dict[
-            "SAVED_USER"
-        ] = self.connection.settings_dict["USER"]
+        real_settings["SAVED_USER"] = self.connection.settings_dict["SAVED_USER"] = (
+            self.connection.settings_dict["USER"]
+        )
         real_settings["SAVED_PASSWORD"] = self.connection.settings_dict[
             "SAVED_PASSWORD"
         ] = self.connection.settings_dict["PASSWORD"]
         real_test_settings = real_settings["TEST"]
         test_settings = self.connection.settings_dict["TEST"]
-        real_test_settings["USER"] = real_settings["USER"] = test_settings[
-            "USER"
-        ] = self.connection.settings_dict["USER"] = parameters["user"]
-        real_settings["PASSWORD"] = self.connection.settings_dict[
-            "PASSWORD"
-        ] = parameters["password"]
+        real_test_settings["USER"] = real_settings["USER"] = test_settings["USER"] = (
+            self.connection.settings_dict["USER"]
+        ) = parameters["user"]
+        real_settings["PASSWORD"] = self.connection.settings_dict["PASSWORD"] = (
+            parameters["password"]
+        )
 
     def set_as_test_mirror(self, primary_settings_dict):
         """

django/db/backends/postgresql/base.py

@@ -226,9 +226,11 @@ class DatabaseWrapper(BaseDatabaseWrapper):
         server_side_binding = conn_params.pop("server_side_binding", None)
         conn_params.setdefault(
             "cursor_factory",
+            (
                 ServerBindingCursor
                 if is_psycopg3 and server_side_binding is True
-            else Cursor,
+                else Cursor
+            ),
         )
         if settings_dict["USER"]:
             conn_params["user"] = settings_dict["USER"]

django/db/backends/postgresql/schema.py

@@ -267,9 +267,9 @@ class DatabaseSchemaEditor(BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor):
             % {
                 "column": self.quote_name(new_field.column),
                 "type": new_type,
-                "collation": " " + self._collate_sql(new_collation)
-                if new_collation
-                else "",
+                "collation": (
+                    " " + self._collate_sql(new_collation) if new_collation else ""
+                ),
             },
             [],
         )

django/db/backends/sqlite3/_functions.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Implementations of SQL functions for SQLite.
 """
+
 import functools
 import random
 import statistics

django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 SQLite backend for the sqlite3 module in the standard library.
 """
+
 import datetime
 import decimal
 import warnings

django/db/migrations/autodetector.py

@@ -620,12 +620,13 @@ class MigrationAutodetector:
                                 rem_model_state.app_label,
                                 rem_model_state.name_lower,
                             )
-                            self.renamed_models_rel[
-                                renamed_models_rel_key
-                            ] = "%s.%s" % (
+                            self.renamed_models_rel[renamed_models_rel_key] = (
+                                "%s.%s"
+                                % (
                                     model_state.app_label,
                                     model_state.name_lower,
                                 )
+                            )
                             self.old_model_keys.remove((rem_app_label, rem_model_name))
                             self.old_model_keys.add((app_label, model_name))
                             break
@@ -1058,9 +1059,9 @@ class MigrationAutodetector:
                                 (rem_app_label, rem_model_name, rem_field_name)
                             )
                             old_field_keys.add((app_label, model_name, field_name))
-                            self.renamed_fields[
-                                app_label, model_name, field_name
-                            ] = rem_field_name
+                            self.renamed_fields[app_label, model_name, field_name] = (
+                                rem_field_name
+                            )
                             break
 
     def generate_renamed_fields(self):

django/db/migrations/loader.py

@@ -131,12 +131,12 @@ class MigrationLoader:
                         "Migration %s in app %s has no Migration class"
                         % (migration_name, app_config.label)
                     )
-                self.disk_migrations[
-                    app_config.label, migration_name
-                ] = migration_module.Migration(
+                self.disk_migrations[app_config.label, migration_name] = (
+                    migration_module.Migration(
                         migration_name,
                         app_config.label,
                     )
+                )
 
     def get_migration(self, app_label, name_prefix):
         """Return the named migration or raise NodeNotFoundError."""

django/db/migrations/operations/models.py

@@ -55,12 +55,12 @@ class CreateModel(ModelOperation):
         _check_for_duplicates("fields", (name for name, _ in self.fields))
         _check_for_duplicates(
             "bases",
+            (
                 (
                     base._meta.label_lower
                     if hasattr(base, "_meta")
-                else base.lower()
-                if isinstance(base, str)
-                else base
+                    else base.lower() if isinstance(base, str) else base
+                )
                 for base in self.bases
             ),
         )

django/db/migrations/state.py

@@ -524,12 +524,12 @@ class ProjectState:
             if model_state.options.get("proxy"):
                 proxy_models[model_key] = model_state
                 # Find a concrete model for the proxy.
-                concrete_models_mapping[
-                    model_key
-                ] = self._find_concrete_model_from_proxy(
+                concrete_models_mapping[model_key] = (
+                    self._find_concrete_model_from_proxy(
                         proxy_models,
                         model_state,
                     )
+                )
             else:
                 concrete_models_mapping[model_key] = model_key
         return concrete_models_mapping, proxy_models

django/db/models/aggregates.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Classes to represent the definitions of aggregate functions.
 """
+
 from django.core.exceptions import FieldError, FullResultSet
 from django.db.models.expressions import Case, Func, Star, Value, When
 from django.db.models.fields import IntegerField

django/db/models/base.py

@@ -2265,9 +2265,11 @@ class Model(AltersData, metaclass=ModelBase):
         opts = cls._meta
         valid_fields = set(
             chain.from_iterable(
+                (
                     (f.name, f.attname)
                     if not (f.auto_created and not f.concrete)
                     else (f.field.related_query_name(),)
+                )
                 for f in chain(opts.fields, opts.related_objects)
             )
         )

django/db/models/constants.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Constants used across the ORM in general.
 """
+
 from enum import Enum
 
 # Separator used to split filter strings apart.

django/db/models/expressions.py

@@ -204,9 +204,11 @@ class BaseExpression:
 
     def _parse_expressions(self, *expressions):
         return [
+            (
                 arg
                 if hasattr(arg, "resolve_expression")
                 else (F(arg) if isinstance(arg, str) else Value(arg))
+            )
             for arg in expressions
         ]
 
@@ -285,9 +287,11 @@ class BaseExpression:
         c.is_summary = summarize
         c.set_source_expressions(
             [
+                (
                     expr.resolve_expression(query, allow_joins, reuse, summarize)
                     if expr
                     else None
+                )
                 for expr in c.get_source_expressions()
             ]
         )
@@ -366,22 +370,16 @@ class BaseExpression:
         field = self.output_field
         internal_type = field.get_internal_type()
         if internal_type == "FloatField":
-            return (
-                lambda value, expression, connection: None
-                if value is None
-                else float(value)
+            return lambda value, expression, connection: (
+                None if value is None else float(value)
             )
         elif internal_type.endswith("IntegerField"):
-            return (
-                lambda value, expression, connection: None
-                if value is None
-                else int(value)
+            return lambda value, expression, connection: (
+                None if value is None else int(value)
             )
         elif internal_type == "DecimalField":
-            return (
-                lambda value, expression, connection: None
-                if value is None
-                else Decimal(value)
+            return lambda value, expression, connection: (
+                None if value is None else Decimal(value)
             )
         return self._convert_value_noop
 
@@ -432,9 +430,11 @@ class BaseExpression:
         clone = self.copy()
         clone.set_source_expressions(
             [
+                (
                     F(f"{prefix}{expr.name}")
                     if isinstance(expr, F)
                     else expr.prefix_references(prefix)
+                )
                 for expr in self.get_source_expressions()
             ]
         )

django/db/models/fields/related_descriptors.py

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ and two directions (forward and reverse) for a total of six combinations.
    If you're looking for ``ForwardManyToManyDescriptor`` or
    ``ReverseManyToManyDescriptor``, use ``ManyToManyDescriptor`` instead.
 """
+
 import warnings
 
 from asgiref.sync import sync_to_async

django/db/models/fields/reverse_related.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ in the ``remote_field`` attribute of the field.
 They also act as reverse fields for the purposes of the Meta API because
 they're the closest concept currently available.
 """
+
 import warnings
 
 from django.core import exceptions

django/db/models/functions/comparison.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Database functions that do comparisons or type conversions."""
+
 from django.db import NotSupportedError
 from django.db.models.expressions import Func, Value
 from django.db.models.fields import TextField

django/db/models/functions/datetime.py

@@ -318,9 +318,11 @@ class TruncBase(TimezoneMixin, Transform):
                 "Cannot truncate DateField '%s' to %s."
                 % (
                     field.name,
+                    (
                         output_field.__class__.__name__
                         if has_explicit_output_field
-                    else "DateTimeField",
+                        else "DateTimeField"
+                    ),
                 )
             )
         elif isinstance(field, TimeField) and (
@@ -331,9 +333,11 @@ class TruncBase(TimezoneMixin, Transform):
                 "Cannot truncate TimeField '%s' to %s."
                 % (
                     field.name,
+                    (
                         output_field.__class__.__name__
                         if has_explicit_output_field
-                    else "DateTimeField",
+                        else "DateTimeField"
+                    ),
                 )
             )
         return copy

django/db/models/functions/math.py

@@ -47,9 +47,11 @@ class ATan2(NumericOutputFieldMixin, Func):
         clone = self.copy()
         clone.set_source_expressions(
             [
+                (
                     Cast(expression, FloatField())
                     if isinstance(expression.output_field, IntegerField)
                     else expression
+                )
                 for expression in self.get_source_expressions()[::-1]
             ]
         )

django/db/models/functions/mixins.py

@@ -14,9 +14,11 @@ class FixDecimalInputMixin:
         clone = self.copy()
         clone.set_source_expressions(
             [
+                (
                     Cast(expression, output_field)
                     if isinstance(expression.output_field, FloatField)
                     else expression
+                )
                 for expression in self.get_source_expressions()
             ]
         )

django/db/models/functions/text.py

@@ -89,9 +89,11 @@ class ConcatPair(Func):
         c = self.copy()
         c.set_source_expressions(
             [
+                (
                     expression
                     if isinstance(expression.output_field, (CharField, TextField))
                     else Cast(expression, TextField())
+                )
                 for expression in c.get_source_expressions()
             ]
         )

django/db/models/indexes.py

@@ -196,9 +196,11 @@ class Index:
             "" if not self.fields else " fields=%s" % repr(self.fields),
             "" if not self.expressions else " expressions=%s" % repr(self.expressions),
             "" if not self.name else " name=%s" % repr(self.name),
+            (
                 ""
                 if self.db_tablespace is None
-            else " db_tablespace=%s" % repr(self.db_tablespace),
+                else " db_tablespace=%s" % repr(self.db_tablespace)
+            ),
             "" if self.condition is None else " condition=%s" % self.condition,
             "" if not self.include else " include=%s" % repr(self.include),
             "" if not self.opclasses else " opclasses=%s" % repr(self.opclasses),

django/db/models/lookups.py

@@ -273,9 +273,11 @@ class FieldGetDbPrepValueMixin:
         return (
             "%s",
             [
+                (
                     v
                     if hasattr(v, "as_sql")
                     else get_db_prep_value(v, connection, prepared=True)
+                )
                 for v in value
             ],
         )

django/db/models/query.py

@@ -109,9 +109,11 @@ class ModelIterable(BaseIterable):
                 related_objs,
                 operator.attrgetter(
                     *[
+                        (
                             field.attname
                             if from_field == "self"
                             else queryset.model._meta.get_field(from_field).attname
+                        )
                         for from_field in field.from_fields
                     ]
                 ),
@@ -1391,9 +1393,7 @@ class QuerySet(AltersData):
         clone._iterable_class = (
             NamedValuesListIterable
             if named
-            else FlatValuesListIterable
-            if flat
-            else ValuesListIterable
+            else FlatValuesListIterable if flat else ValuesListIterable
         )
         return clone
 
@@ -1659,9 +1659,11 @@ class QuerySet(AltersData):
         if names is None:
             names = set(
                 chain.from_iterable(
+                    (
                         (field.name, field.attname)
                         if hasattr(field, "attname")
                         else (field.name,)
+                    )
                     for field in self.model._meta.get_fields()
                 )
             )

django/db/models/query_utils.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ Factored out from django.db.models.query to avoid making the main module very
 large and/or so that they can be used by other modules without getting into
 circular import difficulties.
 """
+
 import functools
 import inspect
 import logging

django/db/models/sql/compiler.py

@@ -1224,9 +1224,9 @@ class SQLCompiler:
                 "field": f,
                 "reverse": False,
                 "local_setter": f.set_cached_value,
-                "remote_setter": f.remote_field.set_cached_value
-                if f.unique
-                else lambda x, y: None,
+                "remote_setter": (
+                    f.remote_field.set_cached_value if f.unique else lambda x, y: None
+                ),
                 "from_parent": False,
             }
             related_klass_infos.append(klass_info)

django/db/models/sql/datastructures.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 Useful auxiliary data structures for query construction. Not useful outside
 the SQL domain.
 """
+
 import warnings
 
 from django.core.exceptions import FullResultSet

django/db/models/sql/query.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ themselves do not have to (and could be backed by things other than SQL
 databases). The abstraction barrier only works one way: this module has to know
 all about the internals of models in order to get the information it needs.
 """
+
 import copy
 import difflib
 import functools

django/db/models/sql/where.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Code to manage the creation and SQL rendering of 'where' constraints.
 """
+
 import operator
 from functools import reduce
 

django/forms/models.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 Helper functions for creating Form classes from Django models
 and database field objects.
 """
+
 from itertools import chain
 
 from django.core.exceptions import (
@@ -830,9 +831,12 @@ class BaseModelFormSet(BaseFormSet, AltersData):
                 )
                 # Reduce Model instances to their primary key values
                 row_data = tuple(
-                    d._get_pk_val() if hasattr(d, "_get_pk_val")
+                    (
+                        d._get_pk_val()
+                        if hasattr(d, "_get_pk_val")
                         # Prevent "unhashable type: list" errors later on.
                         else tuple(d) if isinstance(d, list) else d
+                    )
                     for d in row_data
                 )
                 if row_data and None not in row_data:

django/forms/widgets.py

@@ -101,9 +101,11 @@ class Media:
 
     def render_js(self):
         return [
+            (
                 path.__html__()
                 if hasattr(path, "__html__")
                 else format_html('<script src="{}"></script>', self.absolute_path(path))
+            )
             for path in self._js
         ]
 
@@ -113,6 +115,7 @@ class Media:
         media = sorted(self._css)
         return chain.from_iterable(
             [
+                (
                     path.__html__()
                     if hasattr(path, "__html__")
                     else format_html(
@@ -120,6 +123,7 @@ class Media:
                         self.absolute_path(path),
                         medium,
                     )
+                )
                 for path in self._css[medium]
             ]
             for medium in media

django/http/multipartparser.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ Multi-part parsing for file uploads.
 Exposes one class, ``MultiPartParser``, which feeds chunks of uploaded data to
 file upload handlers for processing.
 """
+
 import base64
 import binascii
 import collections

django/http/request.py

@@ -170,9 +170,11 @@ class HttpRequest:
         return "%s%s%s" % (
             escape_uri_path(path),
             "/" if force_append_slash and not path.endswith("/") else "",
+            (
                 ("?" + iri_to_uri(self.META.get("QUERY_STRING", "")))
                 if self.META.get("QUERY_STRING", "")
-            else "",
+                else ""
+            ),
         )
 
     def get_signed_cookie(self, key, default=RAISE_ERROR, salt="", max_age=None):

django/middleware/csrf.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ Cross Site Request Forgery Middleware.
 This module provides a middleware that implements protection
 against request forgeries from other sites.
 """
+
 import logging
 import string
 from collections import defaultdict

django/shortcuts.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ This module collects helper functions and classes that "span" multiple levels
 of MVC. In other words, these functions/classes introduce controlled coupling
 for convenience's sake.
 """
+
 from django.http import (
     Http404,
     HttpResponse,

django/template/defaultfilters.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Default variable filters."""
+
 import random as random_module
 import re
 import types

django/template/defaulttags.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Default tags used by the template system, available to all templates."""
+
 import re
 import sys
 import warnings

django/template/engine.py

@@ -70,9 +70,11 @@ class Engine:
             self.__class__.__qualname__,
             "" if not self.dirs else " dirs=%s" % repr(self.dirs),
             self.app_dirs,
+            (
                 ""
                 if not self.context_processors
-            else " context_processors=%s" % repr(self.context_processors),
+                else " context_processors=%s" % repr(self.context_processors)
+            ),
             self.debug,
             repr(self.loaders),
             repr(self.string_if_invalid),

django/template/smartif.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 Parser and utilities for the smart 'if' tag
 """
+
 # Using a simple top down parser, as described here:
 #    http://effbot.org/zone/simple-top-down-parsing.htm.
 # 'led' = left denotation

django/test/html.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Compare two HTML documents."""
+
 import html
 from html.parser import HTMLParser
 

django/urls/conf.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Functions for use in URLsconfs."""
+
 from functools import partial
 from importlib import import_module