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@ -633,44 +633,42 @@ to be able to write your own, see the :doc:`migration operations reference
</howto/writing-migrations>`.
Optimizing migrations
=====================
Managing Migrations
===================
Django developers are free to create as migrations as required and do not have
to worry about the number of migrations created as Django is optimized to deal
with hundreds at a time without much slowdown. However, there may come a time when migrations will become so numerous that it
will start to have a noticeable impact on various tasks like running tests on
CI.
You are encouraged to create as many migrations as required and do not have to
worry about the number of migrations created as Django is optimized to deal
with hundreds at a time without much slowdown. However, there may come a time
when migrations will become so numerous that it will start to have a noticeable
impact on various tasks like running tests on CI.
There are a few steps that developers can take to mitigate or remediate this by
reducing the amount of work that migrations has to do:
Optimizing migrations
---------------------
Django will automatically optimize migrations created via the
:djadmin:`makemigrations` command however you may also choose to optimize manually
created migrations with the :djadmin:`optimizemigration` command:
Migration operations can often be reduced to a more equivalent optimal form. An
example would be a :class:`~django.db.migrations.operations.CreateModel`
operation followed by a :class:`~django.db.migrations.operations.RenameModel`
operation: this can be reduced to a single operation by combining the final
name of the model with the
:class:`~django.db.migrations.operations.CreateModel`.
Django automatically optimizes new migration files created with the
:djadmin:`makemigrations` command however you may also choose to optimize
manually created migration files with the :djadmin:`optimizemigration` command:
.. code-block:: shell
$ python manage.py optimizemigration <app_label> <migration_name>
Migration optimization attempts to reduce the list of migration operations by
merging known pairs of possible reductions together. For example, it knows
that :class:`~django.db.migrations.operations.CreateModel` and
:class:`~django.db.migrations.operations.DeleteModel` cancel each other out,
and it knows that :class:`~django.db.migrations.operations.AddField` can be
rolled into :class:`~django.db.migrations.operations.CreateModel`.
Updating migrations
-------------------
When creating new migrations you have the option of updating the previously
created migration if one exists. Running ``makemigrations --update`` will add any new operations to the last
migration created, then optimize it:
When making migrations you have the option of updating the previously created
migration if one exists. Running ``makemigrations --update`` will add any new
operations to the last migration created then optimize it:
.. code-block:: shell
@ -681,17 +679,27 @@ migration created, then optimize it:
Squashing migrations
--------------------
Squashing is the act of reducing an existing set of many migrations down to
one (or sometimes a few) migrations which still represent the same changes.
To optimize migrations across multiple migration files, "squashing" is
required. Squashing extracts all the operations from a set of migration files,
combines them together into an equivalent sequence, then optimizes the result.
Squashed migrations
Squashing can be done either automatically or manually, with both processes
sharing some steps.
The steps are as follows:
1. Squash migrations into an optimal equivalent reduced set of migration files
2. Set the ``replaces`` attribute
Using squashmigrations
----------------------
Django has a tool to squash migrations automatically called :djadmin:`squashmigrations`.
This command takes all of your existing migrations, extracts their
``Operation``\s and puts them all in sequence, and then running the :ref:`optimizer <migration-optimizing>`
over them.
Automatically squashing migrations
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Django has a tool to squash migrations automatically called
:djadmin:`squashmigrations`.
Once the operation sequence has been reduced as much as possible - the amount
possible depends on how closely intertwined your models are and if you have
@ -751,7 +759,7 @@ brand new migrations from your models. In a future release of Django,
itself.
Manually squashing migrations
-----------------------------
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In this cases where :djadmin:`squashmigrations` is not able to run
successfully, you can squash migrations manually using
@ -777,7 +785,6 @@ exception that the range must include the final migration:
- Copy all non-elidable operation identified in step 2 into the newly created migration along with any dependencies.
Managing squashed migrations
----------------------------