Fixed #30240 -- Added SHA1, SHA224, SHA256, SHA384, and SHA512 database functions.

Thanks Mariusz Felisiak and Tim Graham for reviews.

tests/db_functions/text/test_sha1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from django.db import connection
+from django.db.models import CharField
+from django.db.models.functions import SHA1
+from django.test import TestCase
+from django.test.utils import register_lookup
+
+from ..models import Author
+
+
+class SHA1Tests(TestCase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        Author.objects.bulk_create([
+            Author(alias='John Smith'),
+            Author(alias='Jordan Élena'),
+            Author(alias='皇帝'),
+            Author(alias=''),
+            Author(alias=None),
+        ])
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        authors = Author.objects.annotate(
+            sha1_alias=SHA1('alias'),
+        ).values_list('sha1_alias', flat=True).order_by('pk')
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(
+            authors,
+            [
+                'e61a3587b3f7a142b8c7b9263c82f8119398ecb7',
+                '0781e0745a2503e6ded05ed5bc554c421d781b0c',
+                '198d15ea139de04060caf95bc3e0ec5883cba881',
+                'da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709',
+                'da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709'
+                if connection.features.interprets_empty_strings_as_nulls else None,
+            ],
+        )
+
+    def test_transform(self):
+        with register_lookup(CharField, SHA1):
+            authors = Author.objects.filter(
+                alias__sha1='e61a3587b3f7a142b8c7b9263c82f8119398ecb7',
+            ).values_list('alias', flat=True)
+            self.assertSequenceEqual(authors, ['John Smith'])