django/tests/regressiontests/null_queries/models.py

from django.db import models

class Poll(models.Model):
    question = models.CharField(max_length=200)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u"Q: %s " % self.question

class Choice(models.Model):
    poll = models.ForeignKey(Poll)
    choice = models.CharField(max_length=200)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u"Choice: %s in poll %s" % (self.choice, self.poll)

__test__ = {'API_TESTS':"""
# Regression test for the use of None as a query value. None is interpreted as
# an SQL NULL, but only in __exact queries.
# Set up some initial polls and choices
>>> p1 = Poll(question='Why?')
>>> p1.save()
>>> c1 = Choice(poll=p1, choice='Because.')
>>> c1.save()
>>> c2 = Choice(poll=p1, choice='Why Not?')
>>> c2.save()

# Exact query with value None returns nothing ("is NULL" in sql, but every 'id'
# field has a value).
>>> Choice.objects.filter(choice__exact=None)
[]

Excluding the previous result returns everything.
>>> Choice.objects.exclude(choice=None).order_by('id')
[<Choice: Choice: Because. in poll Q: Why? >, <Choice: Choice: Why Not? in poll Q: Why? >]

# Valid query, but fails because foo isn't a keyword
>>> Choice.objects.filter(foo__exact=None)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
FieldError: Cannot resolve keyword 'foo' into field. Choices are: choice, id, poll

# Can't use None on anything other than __exact
>>> Choice.objects.filter(id__gt=None)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: Cannot use None as a query value

# Can't use None on anything other than __exact
>>> Choice.objects.filter(foo__gt=None)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: Cannot use None as a query value

# Related managers use __exact=None implicitly if the object hasn't been saved.
>>> p2 = Poll(question="How?")
>>> p2.choice_set.all()
[]

"""}