django/tests/middleware_exceptions/views.py

from django.core.exceptions import PermissionDenied
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.template import engines
from django.template.response import TemplateResponse


def normal_view(request):
    return HttpResponse("OK")


def template_response(request):
    template = engines["django"].from_string(
        "template_response OK{% for m in mw %}\n{{ m }}{% endfor %}"
    )
    return TemplateResponse(request, template, context={"mw": []})


def server_error(request):
    raise Exception("Error in view")


def permission_denied(request):
    raise PermissionDenied()


def exception_in_render(request):
    class CustomHttpResponse(HttpResponse):
        def render(self):
            raise Exception("Exception in HttpResponse.render()")

    return CustomHttpResponse("Error")


async def async_exception_in_render(request):
    class CustomHttpResponse(HttpResponse):
        async def render(self):
            raise Exception("Exception in HttpResponse.render()")

    return CustomHttpResponse("Error")